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Biomedical subjects

S Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohshima.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Clinico-pathological changes induced in rats treated with amine-curing agent for epoxy resin, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane.

Amine-curing agent for epoxy resin, bis(4-amino-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)methane (commercial name; Laromin C) has been suspected to have induced in the workers some toxic signs such as collagen disease like scleroderma or polymyositis. Subacute toxicity of this agent was studied in rats following repeated oral administration. The agent was given orally at 5 dose levels (25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per one dose) for periods ranging from 10 days to 4 weeks. After the completion of administration, clinico-biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. In a few cases, skeletal muscles and choroid plexus of the brain were examined by electronmicroscopy. Clinico-biochemical tests revealed some elevation of muscle-derived components such as GOT and CPK as seen in the myopathic diseases. Histologically, various degrees of atrophy, degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers and a numerical increase of interstitial cells were observed in the skeletal muscles. Electronmicroscopical examination of the gastrocnemius muscle revealed intrasarcoplasmic osmiophilic round-shaped inclusion bodies, sometimes with lamellar structure, which were suggestive of some lipidosis. The epithelial cells of choroid plexus in the brain ventricles represented various degrees of vacuolar changes lightmicroscopically, which were suggested to be dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum electronmicroscopically. Although scleroderma-like changes were not observed in our experiments, the results suggest that this amine-curing agent for epoxy resin could be one of the causative agents which induced toxic lesions like some collagen diseases including muscle lesions in the workers. In addition, it is considered that the agent may have systemic toxic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A study of prostatic tissue levels of latamoxef, cefoperazone and cefotaxime].

Although Cephem antibiotics are transferred to the prostatic fluid in relatively low levels, they are clinically effective for bacterial prostatitis. In the present study, the prostatic tissue concentration of Latamoxef (LMOX), Cefoperazone (CPZ) and Cefotaxime (CTX) were determined, and their penetration rates into the prostatic tissue were analyzed. Before the transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P), 2 g of LMOX (21 patients), 1 g of CPZ (15 patients) and 2 g of CTX (14 patients) were intravenously administered in a total of 50 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy at our two Hospitals. The prostatic tissue was taken by TUR-P at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the injection. The serum concentration and the prostatic tissue concentration of the three antibiotics were determined by the bioassay method. Additionally their serum concentration and the prostatic tissue concentration in the six cases of CTX-injected patients were also determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The penetration rate into the prostatic tissue was obtained by the formula; the penetration rate = the prostatic tissue concentration/the serum concentration. The prostatic tissue concentrations determined by the bioassay method were, 36.9 +/- 10.6 micrograms/g at 30 minutes after the injection of 2 g of LMOX and 28.0 +/- 9.0 micrograms/g at 60 minutes, 31.0 +/- 8.3 micrograms/g at 30 minutes after the injection of 1 g of CPZ and 21.1 +/- 10.0 micrograms/g at 60 minutes, and 8.8 +/- 4.1 micrograms/g at 30 minutes after the injection of 2 g of CTX and 4.5 +/- 2.0 micrograms/g at 60 minutes (mean +/- S.D.). The penetration rates determined by the bioassay method were 36.2 +/- 10.9% at 30 minutes after the injection of LMOX and 34.8 +/- 15.3% at 60 minutes, 43.6 +/- 14.4% at 30 minutes after the injection of CPZ and 39.7 +/- 24.1% at 60 minutes, and 11.1 +/- 4.1% at 30 minutes after the injection of CTX and 9.6 +/- 3.8% at 60 minutes (mean +/- S.D.). The penetration rate of CPZ and LMOX were significantly higher than that of CTX (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01). In 6 of the 14 CTX-injected patients, the serum and prostatic tissue concentrations of CTX and its metabolite, desacetyl-CTX, were also determined by HPLC. The penetration rate of CTX into the prostatic tissue was obtained by the formula; the penetration rate of CTX = the prostatic tissue concentration (CTX + Desacetyl-CTX)/the serum concentration (CTX + Desacetyl-CTX).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical study of NFLX (norfloxacin) in complicated urinary tract infections].

The new chemotherapeutic agent NFLX was orally administered 600 mg a day for 5 consecutive days in 44 cases having complicated urinary tract infection, and its clinical efficacy was evaluated. They consisted of 8 marked effective cases, 19 moderately effective cases and 17 ineffective cases, and its overall clinical efficacy was 61%. The bacteria disappeared in 10 cases, and decreased in 9 cases. Thirteen cases showed bacterial alternation, and 12 cases remained unchanged. By type of disease group, the efficacy was slightly inferior in the indwelling catheter group compared with that of the nonindwellt group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cyclosporin A effective therapy for fifty-two cadaver kidney recipients.

Fifty-two consecutive patients receiving cadaveric renal transplants were prescribed cyclosporin A and steroid therapy. Three of the recipients underwent re-transplantation and two of the patients were grafted with kidneys shipped from the United States. One year actuarial patient and graft survival rate with no exclusions were 94.2 percent and 81.6 percent, respectively, this rate being significantly better than results in case of the conventional combination of azathioprine, steroid and antilymphocyte globulin. The role of HLA-DR matching on cyclosporin A treatment was studied. One year actuarial graft survival rates of two HLA-DR matched and one HLA-DR matched were 91.7 percent and 78.9 percent, respectively. To assess the effects of cyclosporin A in the management of patients with acute tubular necrosis, the patients were divided into two groups, in terms of whether or not hemodialysis treatment was required for acute tubular necrosis. Although in the present protocol, cyclosporin A administration was begun before the operation, no significant differences in the graft survivals were evident between the two groups. Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and other side-effects of cyclosporin A could usually be dealt with by dosage adjustments, making feasible the chronic ingestion of this agent. The exceptional effectiveness and safety of cyclosporin A were evident throughout these early trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of colchicine and hydrocortisone on unimpeded eruption rates of root-resected mandibular incisors of rats.

A single injection of colchicine and daily injections of hydrocortisone have opposite effects on tooth eruption, respectively causing marked reduction and marked increase in unimpeded eruption rates in the root-resected incisors of rats. Unimpeded eruption rates of both root-resected and normal, non-resected, incisors responded identically to these two drugs, providing support for the view that the eruptive process following root resection is physiological. It was not possible to obtain direct evidence relating to either the hydrostatic pressure or the periodontal fibroblast hypotheses of tooth eruption; the drugs used to affect the eruption rates of resected rat incisors could also affect either the tissue hydrostatic pressure or the motility or contractibility of periodontal fibroblasts or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[A phase II study of oral VP-16 in primary lung cancer].

A clinical trial of a new semi-synthetic podophyllotoxin, VP-16, was undertaken in patients with primary lung cancer; 56 of the 81 evaluable patients had small cell carcinoma, 9 adenocarcinoma, 8 epidermoid carcinoma, 7 large cell carcinoma, and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. A dose of 200 mg/body/day orally for 5 consecutive days was administered every 3 to 4 weeks. Partial response (PR) was attained in 19 out of 81 (23%) and PR + MR was 35 out of 81 (43%). PR and minor response (MR) were seen as follows; small cell carcinoma, 17 PR (30%), 13 MR; epidermoid carcinoma, 2 PR (25%), 1 MR; adenocarcinoma, 1 MR; adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 MR. The dose-limiting factor was leukopenia, while thrombocytopenia was experienced in 2 cases. Clinical toxicities noted were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea and alopecia, but these were well tolerated in all cases. The result indicated that VP-16 has considerable efficacy in small cell carcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma of the lung and hence its usefulness in combination chemotherapy was suggested.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Coronary collaterals in patients with total obstruction of the proximal left anterior descending artery: their pathways and functional significance].

The relationship of patterns of collateral pathways and the functions of collaterals in patients with proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was analyzed by coronary arteriography and left ventriculography. Forty-seven patients with dominant right coronary artery (RCA) as anatomic variations had nearly the same filling areas from three major collateral pathways from the RCA to the LAD via conus branches, marginal branches, and septal perforator. The grades of collateral flows were classified as good, fair and poor according to the sizes and numbers of collateral channels, and the filling density of contrast in each collateral and three (basal, mid and apical) segments of the main trunk of the LAD. On left ventriculography in the right anterior oblique projection, the anterior wall was divided into five segments, and the regional ejection fraction in each segment was measured from end-diastolic and end-systolic areas. Three main collateral pathways and connections to the LAD were observed from the RCA. Those were the conus branches to the basal-mid LAD, the marginal branches to the mid-apical LAD, and the posterior descending branches to the basal-mid LAD via the septal perforators. Only seven patients showed normal contraction in all of the segments (Group I). In seven patients with normal contraction in the basal-mid segments and reduced contraction in the apical segment of the anterior wall, the main collateral pathways from the RCA to the LAD were the posterior descending branches via the septal perforators (Group II). In 10 patients with reduced contraction in the basal-mid segments and normal contraction in the apical segment of the anterior wall, the main collateral pathways from the RCA were the conus branches and/or the marginal branches to the LAD (Group III). In the other 23 patients with reduced contraction in entire segments (Group IV), the patterns of segmental contraction were similar to those of either Group II or Group III. These findings indicate that in the majority of cases collateral circulation from the RCA did not preserve wall contraction in all segments perfused by the occluded LAD at rest, and suggest that various patterns of segmental contraction may be influenced by the dominant of collateral pathways.

Collateral Circulation↗