Biomedical subjects

S Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohno.

1,106 records · Page 62Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Macroscopic appearance and biological character of gastric cancer invading the muscularis propria.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The natural history of gastric cancer, as to how an early gastric cancer develops into an advanced lesion, is still an open question. In this study, we focused on the gastric cancer invading the muscularis propria, and analyzed the relationship between gross appearance and the biological characteristics of gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty six patients with gastric cancer invading the muscularis propria (pm) were studied with special reference to the macroscopic appearance of the primary tumor; Borrmann type vs. EGC type (advanced gastric cancer simulating early gastric cancer), and to the biologic characteristics such as p53 expression and mitotic activity. RESULTS: Borrmann type comprised 59.6% (87/146) and EGC type comprised 40.4% (59/146) of the cases. Borrmann type cancer was located more commonly in the antral region (71.3%), tended to grow expansively, and had higher rate of vascular vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. The type of recurrence varied, and the prognosis was poor in patients with Borrmann type cancer. Incidence of p53 overexpression in Borrmann type cancer was 44.1% (15/34), and significantly higher than 25.8% (8/31) in EGC type cancer. Proliferating activity measured by MIB-1 labeling percentage was also higher in Borrmann type (49.8 +/- 11.6 vs. 38.9 +/- 10.9). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Borrmann type and EGC type pm gastric cancers are distinct in their inherent biological nature, and possibly represent the advanced form of penetrating growth (Pen) type and superficially-spreading growth (Super) type, respectively, of early gastric cancers.

Cell Division↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment for gastric carcinomas with concomitant hepatic metastasis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We have reviewed our experience with gastric cancer patients having synchronous liver metastasis in an attempt to clarify how to treat such patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 116 patients with gastric cancer metastatic to the liver, evaluations were executed to find an effective treatment. Fourteen received gastrectomy plus hepatic resection (Group A), 68 gastrectomy alone (Group B), and 34 non-resected (Group C). RESULTS: The average survival time was 15.0 months in Group A, 7.2 months in Group B and 3.6 months in Group C, with a statistical difference between Group B and Group C (p < 0.05). In Group A patients, the mean survival time was 21.5 months in those undergoing potentially curative surgery for the carcinoma without incurable factors other than liver metastasis. The survival time was 6.3 months in those undergoing noncurative gastrectomy and hepatectomy because of evidence of incurable metastatic spread, the value being similar to that following gastrectomy alone in Group B patients. In Group B, adjuvant chemotherapy led to a significant increase in survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatectomy combined with gastrectomy seems to be effective as an active measure to lengthen survival for patients of gastric carcinoma and concomitant liver metastasis only when other incurable factors were not evident at operation. Noncurative gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in the presence of various incurable factors.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunogenetic studies of Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease has been shown to be strongly associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B51, not only in the Japanese but also in many other ethnic groups living in the area that extends from the Middle East to Japan. Specific antigen presentation by B51 molecules may be involved in the development of Behçet's disease. Furthermore, studies of the HLA-C genotype conducted using a polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers method have suggested that the gene involved in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease is not the HLA-C gene but some other gene located near the HLA-B gene. Polymorphic analysis of the Tau-a microsatellite located between the HLA-B and TNF genes have also indicated that the Behçet's disease gene is located near the HLA-B gene but is not the HLA-B51 gene itself. We and others believe that many important genes exist in the region located between the TNF and HLA-B or HLA-C genes, including the MIC, PERB, and NOB genes. In this paper, we review current data on genetic factors involved in the development of Behçet's disease.

Behcet Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous combination therapy of carboplatin and radiation for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carboplatin is a less nephrotoxic analog of cisplatin with a significant effect against a variety of malignancies including carcinoma of the esophagus. Furthermore, the supra-additive effect between carboplatin and radiation has been reported in both clinical and experimental studies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seven patients with carcinoma of the esophagus underwent a combined therapy of carboplatin (30 mg/m2, total 1500-2000 mg) and radiation (1.6 Gy/day, five days/week, total 50-70 Gy). RESULTS: Six patients had a complete tumor remission while in the remaining patient a partial response was observed. In five of these six cases, no evidence of recurrence has been recognized at 9-13 months after the treatment. Two patients survived without any evidence of recurrent disease 43 and 57 months after the initiation of the treatment. The major side effects were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, which were grade II to IV but not fatal. However, no significant renal toxicity, gastrointestinal disorders nor liver toxicity were recognized. CONCLUSIONS: These data thus indicate the clinical utility of the combined therapy of radiation and carboplatin for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of routine annual esophagram for early detection of carcinoma of the esophagus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to achieve increased survival rates for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus, early detection of the disease is vital. Serial esophagrams were evaluated to clarify which interval would be effective for early detection of carcinoma of the esophagus during routine examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-nine patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were grouped into three, according to the experience and the time of the previous roentgenograms before the definite diagnosis. RESULTS: Five patients were in Group 1, in which roentgenographic examination had been done within 12 months prior to the diagnosis. Retrospective observation revealed a slight but certain abnormal shadow at the same location as the esophageal tumor seen on the second films. In Group 2, seven had received an esophagram between 12 and 24 months before the diagnosis. In contrast to Group 1, neither abnormality nor findings indicating esophageal tumors were detected on the former x-ray films, in all seven cases. Group 2 was characterized by relatively small tumors and low stage of the disease. Mean tumor length was 4.1 +/- 2.9 cm, and three of seven were classified as Stage I and two as Stage IIA. On the other hand, most of the 177 patients in Group 3, with no previous examination of the esophagus within 24 months before the diagnosis, had far advanced disease. Mean tumor length was 6.3 +/- 2.6 cm. Only nine (5.1%) were classified as Stage I, whereas 115 (65.0%) were classified as Stage III or IV. CONCLUSION: In light of these data, for populations in which esophageal cancer frequently occurs, esophageal examination every 12 months will no doubt contribute towards the early detection of lesions.

Adult↗

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Overexpression of p53 is associated with growth pattern and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The growth pattern of advanced gastric carcinoma, based on volumetric analysis, is closely associated with the biological characteristics of tumors, including DNA ploidy, and is an important prognostic factor. Abnormality of the p53 tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in alteration of cells and possibly leads to cancer development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 was investigated immunohistochemically in the primary lesion of 196 patients with advanced gastric cancers, and the relationship of p53 immunopositivity with the growth pattern and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Positive p53 staining was found in 94 (48%) of the 196 primary carcinomas. Vessel invasions were more frequent and lymph node metastasis was more extensive in p53-positive tumors (p < 0.05), whereas p53 immunopositivity was not associated with depth of cancer invasion nor with the stage of cancer. In the column and mountain type tumors, characterized by vertical or penetrative growth, positive p53 staining was found in 53.8% and 52.9%, respectively. In the funnel type tumor, characterized by superficially spreading growth, positive p53 staining was found in significantly lower incidence (28.9%, p < 0.05). The 5-year survival rates were 44.2% and 25.4% for patients with p53 negative and positive gastric carcinomas, respectively (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that p53 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor of patients with advanced gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that p53 gene alteration is associated with less favorable prognosis of advanced gastric cancer, possibly by providing tumors with a potential of vertical growth into the gastric wall.

Carcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of hyperthermia and radiation treatments for patients with esophageal cancer predicted by the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test.

We used in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test (SDI test) to predict the combined effects of hyperthermia and irradiation on specimens of esophageal cancer obtained at endoscopy. The mean activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SD) after combined treatment of 6 Gy of irradiation and 43.0 degrees C for 20 hours of hyperthermia was significantly decreased compared to findings with each single treatment (to irradiation; p < 0.01, to hyperthermia; p < 0.05). A correlation between the SD activity and the clinical remedial value was also examined in tissues from 47 patients with esophageal cancer, and treated with hyperthermia and irradiation, in combination. The clinical effect, determined radiographically, showed a correlation of 76.6%. Thus, hyperthermia plus irradiation is effective clinical treatment and the SDI test facilitates prediction of the outcome of this combined treatment.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo growth regulation by cytokine in breast cancer cells showing an estradiol-inhibitive response in vitro.

The rates of the stimulative, insensitive, and inhibitive responses to 10(-2) nM E2 in sixty clinical breast cancer cases were 24.2%, 45.2%, and 30.6%, respectively. We then examined the expression of mRNAs of such cytokines as TNF-alpha, TGF-alpha, EGF, and TGF-beta, in cancer tissue specimens from these three different groups. In MCF-7 showing an E2-stimulative response, the expression of mRNAs of both TNF-alpha and TGF-alpha were suppressed by 10(-2) nM E2, but these same expressions in KSE-1 showing an E2 stimulative response were enhanced by E2. The mRNA expression of TGF-beta in these two cell lines was suppressed by 10(-2) nM E2, but that of EGF was enhanced. In clinical cases showing an E2-inhibitive response, the mRNA expression ratio of TNF-alpha/TGF-beta was above 2.5, but under 2.5 in E2-uninhibitive response cases. The mRNA expression ratio of TGF-alpha/TGF-beta was over 1.8 in the E2-inhibitive responsive cases, but under 1.8 in the E2-uninhibitive response cases. The mRNA expression ratio of EGF/TGF-beta did not show any regular tendency in three groups showing a different E2-response in vitro. Based on in vitro results and mRNA expression in clinical cases, the cytokine expression for E2-inhibitive cancer cells differed from those of E2-stimulative and -insensitive cells. Therefore, E2-inhibitive cancer cells are thus considered to possibly possess a characteristic growth regulation which is different from that for E2-uninhibitive cancer cells.

Breast Neoplasms↗