Biomedical subjects

S Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohno.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Heat shock protein 70 expression increased in rabbit müller cells in the ischemia-reperfusion model.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in the rabbit retina was evaluated in the ischemia-reperfusion model. Ischemia was induced by increasing the pressure in the anterior chamber, and the retinas were collected 1 or 12 h after reperfusion. HSP70 expression was examined by Western blot, confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Western blot showed that HSP70 was significantly increased in the retina 12 h after reperfusion, compared with normal control or 1 h after reperfusion. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that HSP70 was constitutive in Müller cells and that its expression was increased 12 h after reperfusion. Electron microscopy showed that glycogen-like granules were significantly decreased with prominent endoplasmic reticulum 1 h after reperfusion. Twelve hours after reperfusion, however, the density of glycogen-like granules was restored, and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that HSP70 was associated with the organelles of the Müller cells. Taken together, these data suggest that HSP70 in Müller cells plays a role in accommodation to stress.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment and prognosis for patients with gastric cancer lesions larger than ten centimeters in size.

In 323 of 1,620 patients with gastric cancer, the lesion was > or = 10 cm in maximum diameter. Studies were done with respect to clinicopathologic features and the prognosis. Patients with tumors > or = 10 cm were younger and women patients were more numerous compared to those with tumors < 10 cm. Tumors were more advanced and noncurative resection was usually done for these patients. A multivariate analysis showed that serosal invasion, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, operative curability, tissue differentiation, and extended lymph node dissection to be independent prognostic factors. This retrospective study showed that patients with a larger tumor are at an increased risk for tumor advancement and that they will benefit from curative resection and extended lymph node dissection.

Female↗

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A case of maternal subclinical Sjögren's syndrome associated with congenital heart block.

A case of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome was diagnosed when the patient delivered a baby with SSA antibody-positive congenital heart block (CHB). The mother had been asymptomatic throughout her life. The laboratory findings including sialography, lip biopsy, Schirmer's test and a Rose-Bengal test showed Sjögren's syndrome. Such an asymptomatic case is termed subclinical Sjögren's syndrome. Thus, it was important to investigate an asymptomatic mother who delivers a SSA antibody-positive CHB baby.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotherapy resistant sarcoma treated with whole body hyperthermia (WBH) combined with 1-3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU).

Seventeen patients with chemotherapy-resistant metastatic sarcoma were treated with whole body hyperthermia (WBH) combined simultaneously with 1-3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). All of the patients had chemotherapy resistant metastases to major organ sites. Patients were heated to 41.8-42.0 degrees C for 2 h using an insulated blanket heating technique. Two patients (12%) experienced partial responses (PR). In addition, four objective tumour responses (OR) lasting more than 4 months were documented. One patient with previously rapidly growing chondrosarcoma pulmonary metastases experienced stable disease (SD) for 38 months from the onset of treatment. Median survival of seven patients with responding tumours (PR, OR and SD) compared with 10 patients with progressive disease was 15 versus 2 months, respectively. Cumulative thrombocytopenia was a therapy-limiting toxicity of the combined treatment, and occurred in six of seven patients. Acute toxicities attributable to WBH alone included transient thrombocytopenia in all patients, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in two patients, and mild hypotension in five patients. Acute granulocytosis was observed in all patients. No treatment related deaths occurred. These data suggest that WBH combined with chemotherapy is associated with disease response in patients with chemotherapy-resistant, widely disseminated sarcoma metastases.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Protective effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine against hypotension inducted by combined tumour necrosis factor-alpha and whole body hyperthermia in rats.

We studied: (a) the adverse effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) given during whole body hyperthermia (WBH) on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and gut mucosa in anaesthetized rats; (b) the potential protective effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; and (c) the influence of L-NMA on the antitumour effect of the trimodality therapy, WBH + TNF + Carboplatin (CBDCA). In normothermic rats, TNF alone (10(5) or 10(6) U/kg) did not cause hypotension, but increased MAP (p < 0.05). L-NMA alone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) increased MAP moderately and dose-dependently (p < 0.05). WBH (41.5 degrees C for 2 h) increased MAP markedly (from 103 +/- 4 to 161 +/- 4 mm Hg). This increase in MAP was sustained throughout the hyperthermia, but was followed by a transient relative hypotension (MAP = 80 +/- mm Hg) on cessation of WBH and an eventual return to near baseline at 30 min post-WBH (MAP = 94 +/- 5 mm Hg). WBH + TNF (10(5) or 10(6) U/kg) initially increased MAP similarly to WBH alone. During the second hour of WBH, however, MAP decreased towards pre-treatment levels, and cessation of WBH was followed by sustained hypotension. This late hypotensive state was associated with a mortality during the early (first 2 h) post-WBH period of 17 and 100% at TNF dose of 10(5) and 10(6) U/kg TNF, respectively. L-NMA given to rats receiving WBH + TNF (10(6) U/kg) maintained MAP at levels similar to WBH alone during WBH treatment. L-NMA prevented the post-WBH hypotension, and extended the survival beyond the early (first 2 h) post-WBH period. No rat, however, receiving high dose TNF (10(6) U/kg) survived more than 12 h even with L-NMA (totally 40 mg/kg). WBH + TNF (10(5) and 10(6) U/kg) also produced marked histopathological injury to the gut mucosa at 2 h post-treatment. L-NMA substantially protected the gut from this injury. In rats bearing a transplantable fibrosarcoma, L-NMA did not decrease the antitumour effect consisting of WBH + TNF (10(5) U/kg) + CBDCA, while it decreased (p < 0.05) the general toxicity (weight loss, diarrhea and foot oedema) of this combination. We conclude that L-NMA may prevent or ameliorate the early toxicity but not the late lethal effects of WBH + high dose TNF (10(6) U/kg). Additionally, L-NMA reduces some of the toxicity of WBH + TNF (10(5) U/kg) + CBDCA without decreasing the antitumour effect of this trimodality therapy. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase such as L-NMA may provide a novel approach to overcoming the toxicity of TNF in combination with WBH.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinicopathologic features of patients with oesophageal cancer obtaining a histological complete response for preoperative hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy.

From 1979 to 1993, 151 patients with resectable oesophageal cancer underwent preoperative hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy (HCR) followed by a subtotal esophagectomy. All resected specimens were histopathologically evaluated, and then were classified into two groups according to the efficacy of the preoperative HCR. Group A included 33 patients whose resected oesophagus was free of any cancer cells (grade 3). Group B included 118 patients, in which viable cancer cells remained in the resected specimens to various degrees (grade 1,2). The incidence of patients with well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, node negative cases, or TNM stage I/II was significantly higher in group A than in group B (27.3% versus 9.3%, 72.7% versus 50.8%, 72.7% versus 50.8%, respectively). The recurrence rate was 33.3% (11/33) in group A, while it was 65.3% (77/118) in group B (p < 0.005). There was no case with any local recurrence in the former, while it was 8.5% (10/118) in the latter. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 87.2%, 65.9% and 46.1% in group A, while they were 54.8%, 26.7% and 18.8% in group B (p < 0.005), respectively. Preoperative HCR may be expected of decreasing in the recurrence rate, including regional relapse when a grade 3 is obtained. Complete local control would further positively influence the prognosis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), CD4, CD8 and interleukin-2 receptor in patients with Behçet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease.

OBJECTIVES: In a search for serum markers of disease activity in uveitis, we measured the levels of the soluble form of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), CD4 (sCD4), CD8 (sCD8) and interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in the serum of patients with Behçet's disease (BD) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease (VKH). METHODS: The study population consisted of 20 patients with active BD (treated with tacrolimus), 15 patients with inactive BD, 24 patients with VKH [20 of them successfully treated with systemic corticosteroids (cured group) and 4 of them with two or more episodes of uveitis after withdrawal of systemic steroid (recurrence group)], and 20 normal individuals. The levels of serum sICAM-1, sCD4, sCD8 and sIL-2R were measured by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: Sera from patients with BD in the convalescent stage showed significantly higher levels of sICAM-1 than those in the acute stage. Patients with active BD in both stages or VKH in the acute stage had significantly higher levels of serum sCD4 and sIL-2R than the controls. The levels of sCD8 in patients with both diseases in both stages differed significantly compared to the controls. No difference was noted in the pattern of decline of these soluble markers after treatment in the cured and recurrence groups of VKH patients. A positive correlation was found between the serum levels of sCD4 and sIL-2R in patients with both diseases in the acute stage. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that these soluble markers may represent potentially useful parameters to monitor disease activity or chronic inflammation in certain types of autoimmune uveitis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Control of solitary gastric fundal varices and portosystemic encephalopathy accompanying liver cirrhosis by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO): a case report.

In a patient with liver cirrhosis complicated by solitary gastric fundal varices and portosystemic encephalopathy, Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) of the varices was performed. The gastric varices were decreased in size 2 weeks after treatment and had not recurred after 1 year. B-RTO successfully occluded the portosystemic shunt (gastrorenal shunt). Accordingly, the patient's blood ammonia levels, total bile acid level, and 15 min retention rate of indocyanine green decreased, and his hepatic encephalopathy improved. However, since consecutive increase in blood flow through the portal collateral vessels except for gastrorenal shunt vessel at 6 months and 1 year after B-RTO was noted, further careful follow-up may be required.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) has recently been introduced as a new treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan. This study was performed to evaluate its efficacy and safety. METHODOLOGY: Thirteen patients with 17 nodules of unresectable HCC were subjected to PMCT under ultrasonic guidance. The tumors ranged from 1.2-4.4 cm in size. Assessment of the efficacy of PMCT was made by follow-up with dynamic computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: In the patients with small HCC (< or = 2.0 cm), 8 of 10 nodules (80%) showed complete remission after PMCT. In small nodules located on the liver surface, 3 out of 4 nodules (75%) showed complete remission. However, in the patients with larger HCC (> or = 2.1 cm), 5 out of 7 nodules developed local recurrence after PMCT. Regarding assessment of the necrotic area after PMCT, dynamic CT revealed enhancement that was possibly caused by congestion of the liver parenchyma surrounding the area of necrosis due to PMCT in the early phase of the treatment. Therefore, the necrotic area must be assessed carefully. Although a slight heat sensation and/or pain during microwave irradiation (a common effect of PMCT) occurred in all patients, there were no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Complete remission of small HCC (< or = 2 cm in diameter) can be achieved with PMCT alone, but there seem to be limitations to its effectiveness with larger HCC (> or = 2.1 cm). There were no serious adverse effects from PMCT and the therapy can be safely carried out even in patients with poor liver function.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal hemangioma: a case report and review of the literature.

The patient, a 60-year-old man, was diagnosed as having a protruding lesion in the upper thoracic esophagus on a routine endoscopic examination. Endoscopy showed a polyp with a pedicle in the upper esophagus. A biopsy indicated the presence of hemangioma. Since endoscopic ultrasonography showed the tumor to be located within the mucosa and submucosa, we chose an endoscopic resection as the most appropriate treatment for the esophageal hemangioma. After endoscopic resection, the patient has remained free of any symptoms or recurrence. Although an esophageal hemangioma is a benign tumor, a risk of severe hemorrhaging does exist. We conclude that the first choice of the treatment for esophageal hemangioma should thus be an endoscopic resection if the tumor is located within the mucosal or submucosal layer. However, if it is impossible to resect endoscopically, then either endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) or a surgical resection should be considered.

Biopsy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical status of the p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen using biopsied specimens can predict a sensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prediction of an effective adjuvant therapy is essential in order to increase the number of esophageal cancer cases demonstrating an excellent response. Correlation of the immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen were studied using biopsied specimens of advanced esophageal cancer. The combined staining status of both can help predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal cancer. METHODOLOGY: The overexpression of p53 protein and the Ki-67 labeling percentage were immunohistochemically investigated in 95 biopsied specimens of advanced esophageal carcinoma resected between 1988 and 1996. All patients preoperatively received 1 course of either chemoradiotherapy or hyperthermo-chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty-nine specimens were positive for p53 protein staining (41.1%), and the treatment modalities were histopathologically effective in 71.8% of these 39 patients (28/39), while the efficiency rate was 58.9% (33/56) in patients with p53(-). On the other hand, the efficiency rate of patients with a high Ki-67 labeling percentage (> or = 30%) was 73.9%, which was significantly higher than that of those with a low Ki-67 labeling percentage (< 30%) (38.5%, P = 0.0013). The efficacy rate of the patients with both a high Ki-67 labeling percentage and p53(+) was 80%, while that of the patients with a low Ki-67 labeling percentage and p53(-) was only 35.3% (P = 0.0098). The combination of a high Ki-67 labeling percentage and p53(-) particularly showed a high sensitivity to hyperthermo-chemoradiotherapy since the efficiency rate of these patients with hyperthermo-chemoradiotherapy was 81.5%, while the rate for those with chemoradiotherapy was 41.7% (P = 0.0129). CONCLUSIONS: An immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and the Ki-67 labeling percentage using biopsied specimens was thus found to effectively predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapies in patients with esophageal cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Iris neovascularization after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the incidence of iris neovascularization after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using a small incision in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied a consecutive series of 46 eyes in which vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation had been performed, and compared the surgical results with a prior series of 40 eyes in which vitrectomy alone had been performed. RESULTS: Postoperative iris and angle neovascularization was found in 6 eyes (15%) treated by vitrectomy alone, but in only 1 eye (2%) treated by combined vitrectomy (P<0.05). Final visual acuity improved by two or more lines in 23 eyes (57%) in the vitrectomy alone group, and in 35 eyes (76%) in the combined vitrectomy group. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative rubeosis iridis was significantly lower, and the visual results were satisfactory with vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for PDR. These findings suggest that combined vitrectomy for PDR is a useful surgical procedure.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antiemetic effect of ramosetron during hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The antiemetic effects of serotonin receptor antagonists during chemoradiotherapy for solid tumors have never been reported. We have developed hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy (HCR) for esophageal cancer. However, with this treatment, the more potent the chemotherapy was, the more frequently emesis was experienced. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with esophageal cancer underwent HCR (6 courses of hyperthermia, cisplatin 20 mg/m2 x 6, 5-FU 300 mg/m2 x 15 and radiation 1.5 Gy x 30). Ramosetron was administered intravenously (0.3 mg x 15). The emesis inhibition rate was defined as the rate of patients having neither vomiting nor severe nausea. RESULTS: The incidence of patients without nausea gradually decreased to 60% at the end of chemotherapy. However, vomiting was completely avoided except in one patient for two days. The emesis inhibition rates of weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 100.0, 93.3, 89.5 and 95.2%, respectively. The overall inhibition rate was 94.5% and the rate of "well inhibited" was 79.0%. There were no ramosetron-related adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ramosetron is a useful antiemetic agent for nausea and vomiting induced by chemoradiotherapy for solid tumors.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis and p53 overexpression in human rectal cancer; relationship with response to hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy.

Hyperthermo-chemo-radio (HCR) therapy has been found to be effective for rectal cancer. Biomarkers for predicting the effect of HCR therapy are important in determining optimum treatment regimens. Hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy (HCR therapy), consisting of hyperthermia at 42 degrees C to 45 degrees C for 40 minutes (twice per week for two weeks), a total of 60 Gy irradiation and administration of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) (total 8400 mg), were prescribed pre-operatively for 29 patients with rectal cancer, using tissue specimens collected at pre-treatment biopsy. Apoptosis and overexpression of p53 protein were investigated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. On termination of HCR therapy, all the tumors were surgically resected and effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated histologically. Spontaneous apoptosis was evident in the pre-treatment cancer tissues of 14 patients (48.2%). In this apoptosis-positive group, the positive rate of expression of the p53 protein (21.4%, 3 out of 14) was lower as compared to findings in the apoptosis-negative group (66.7%, 10 out of 15). The response to HCR therapy was better in the apoptosis-positive group than in the apoptosis-negative group. We propose that spontaneous apoptosis is closely related to the function of wild-type p53 protein and is also a predictive biomarker of the effect of HCR therapy for patients with rectal cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1-beta suppress the replication of hepatitis B virus through oxidative stress.

The effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), and H2O2, on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication was analyzed in the HBV DNA transfected human hepatoblastoma-derived cell line HB 611. Secretion of HBV DNA from HB611 cells was inhibited by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. These cytokines and H2O2 also decreased HBV mRNA expression in HB611 cells, meaning that these reagents decreased the synthesis of all virally encoded components of the HBV virion. The level of manganese-SOD mRNA, indicative of occurrence of oxidative stress, increased immediately after treatment with IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and H2O2. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine substantially inhibited the antiviral effect. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress may be a common factor in the antiviral effects of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta on HBV.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The roles of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in pulmonary vasoconstriction during venous air embolism in anesthetized mongrel dogs.

Chemical mediators play minor roles in the acute lung injury caused by venous air embolism. The function of PAF in this condition was examined. Eight open chest mongrel dogs, mechanically ventilated, received air at an infusion rate of 0.1 ml/kg per min for 15 min. In addition, four dogs received air under continuous infusion of PAF at 10 ng/kg per min, the other four dogs under pretreatment with the PAF antagonist, CV-3988, at 10 mg/kg. In conclusion, PAF did not mediate pulmonary vasoconstriction but did modulate it and might possibly modulate cardiac deterioration in air embolism.

Anesthesia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The identification of testis-organizing H-Y antigen of man as hydrophobic polymers of a M.W. 18,000 subunit.

Mammalian testicular organogenesis initiated by male specific but ubiquitously expressed H-Y antigen can serve as the model of all other organogenesis. However, in order to understand the precise organizational role this plasma membrane antigen plays, it is essential to characterize H-Y antigen as a distinct molecular entity which would be extremely difficult if we have to deal directly with native H-Y antigen residing on the plasma membrane. Fortunately, we have previously found that in the mutational absence of H-Y antigen's proposed anchorage site, B2m (-), HLA (-) Daudi human male Burkitt lymphoma cells are incapable of stably maintaining H-Y antigen on their plasma membrane. B2m (-), HLA (-) Daudi human male Burkitt lymphoma cells excreted a group of several proteins that shared the three distinctive characteristics in common; their extreme hydrophobicity, their tendency beyond saturation to form irreversibly water insoluble aggregates by extensive interchain disulfide bridges, and their conspicuously slower turn over rates compared to other Daudi excreted proteins. After disruption of disulfide bridges, proteins of this group were resolved into at least seven distinct subunits of different molecular weights. M.W. 18,000 subunit of testis-organizing H-Y antigen was the smallest of the above. At the saturation, 0.7 to 0.9 microgram/ml of solubilized H-Y antigen uniformly assumed the form of very large aggregates of M.W. greater than 280,000. In more dilute solutions, however, the existence in much smaller trimeric and tetrameric forms of H-Y antigen was indicated. As these irreversibly water insoluble precipitates still retained H-Y antigenic determinants, they can be used in the future for the purification of H-Y antibody. When bound specifically to H-Y receptor sites residing on the plasma membrane of BFO cells, polymeric Daudi H-Y antigen apparently underwent the depolymerization process, thus, yielding the monomeric form of M.W. 18,000. It is likely that these six or more Daudi excreted proteins that shared the three distinct characteristics with testis-organizing H-Y antigen are also involved in various specific organogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Early recurrence of gastric cancer in a patient with chronic renal failure.

We report here a rare, rapid peritoneal recurrence after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer occurred in a 51 year old woman who had been treated with hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure for 8 years. Preoperatively, her immune status was very low, as indicated by decreased natural killer cell activity and photohemagglutinin reaction and by increased immunosuppressive acidic protein. The density of S-100 positive intratumoral dendritic cells in the resected stomach was low, which also suggested a lower level of loco-regional immunity. Rapid progress of the recurrent disease and the poor prognosis might be related to the suppressed immune activity induced by a long-term chronic renal failure and hemodialysis. Thus, for patients with chronic renal failure who require resection of a gastric cancer, close follow-up is important.

Adenocarcinoma↗