Biomedical subjects

S Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohno.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Non-neuroectodermal epithelial cyst in the middle cranial fossa associated with unilateral exophthalmos].

A rare case of unilateral exophthalmos caused by an epithelial cyst in the middle cranial fossa was reported. A 42-year-old man had a proptosis of sudden onset in the left eye. Ophthalmological examinations revealed a proptosis of 3mm, contraction of the lower visual field and a bow tie atrophy of the optic disc in the left. Plain skull X-P, CT scan and MRI disclosed a cystic lesion in the left middle fossa, resulting in the enlargement of the superior orbital fissure of the same side. Metrizamide CT cisternography showed the cyst had no communication with the subarachnoid spaces. The cyst, removed surgically, was located in the epidural region of the middle fossa and was about 4cm in diameter, containing yellowish turbid fluid and fat-like floating substance. Histologically, the cyst was composed of collagenous connective tissue, lined with pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal epithelia. Small cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, considered as basal cells or reserve cells, were often seen in the basal layer. Ciliated and secretory cells were rarely observed in the superficial layer. Neither stratified squamous epithelium nor adamantinomatous structure was seen. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the lining epithelium was strongly positive for keratin (wide spectrum), but negative for vimentin, S-100, neuron specific enolase or glial fibrillary acidic protein. These staining characters were different from those of neuroectodermal cells including ependymal cells and choroidal cells which are usually vimentin- and S-100-positive. Morphologically, the lining epithelium resembled respiratory or alimentary tract epithelium, suggesting that the cyst might be derived from non-neuroectodermal ectoderm or endoderm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

A novel member of the calcium-dependent cysteine protease family.

In the course of cDNA cloning of the large subunits of human mu- and mCANPs, a novel cDNA clone encoding a putative calcium-dependent cysteine protease homologous to but distinct from both mu- and m-types was found. The encoded protein, designated tentatively as p94, is composed of four domains similar to those found in other CANP large subunits, but includes three unique regions that have no homology to other CANPs. These unique sequences might be involved in regulating the activation and/or determining the intracellular localization of p94. Since the mRNA for p94 is five times more abundant than that for the CANP small subunit in skeletal muscle, it is possible that p94 does not associate with the small subunit in vivo. In contrast to the ubiquitous expression of mu- and m-types, the mRNA for p94 is expressed only in skeletal muscle. Besides acting as a protease, p94 may act as a skeletal muscle specific regulatory protein like troponin C.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

[Blood group hemagglutinins in hens' eggs. 1. Quantity of hemagglutinins to human erythrocytes after immunization with OSe saliva].

The titers of hemagglutinins to human erythrocytes were investigated using sera and eggs from hens immunized by a single intraperitoneal injection of crude blood group substance from OSe saliva mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant. Elevation of the hemagglutinin titer in egg yolk followed the increase of serum hemagglutinin with 1- to 2-week time-lag. The maximum hemagglutinin titer of egg yolk was 1/2 to 1/8 of the serum hemagglutinin titer. The total hemagglutinin quantity in egg yolk exceeded the serum quantities of the antibody in sacrificed hens. Egg-white transiently contained a very low titer of hemagglutinin. The yolk hemagglutinin scarcely migrated at all to the white after storage of the egg for 3 months at 5 degrees C. These results indicate that egg yolk from hens immunized with blood group substances is an appropriate source of blood group hemagglutinins.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1990

[Blood group hemagglutinins in hens' eggs. 2. Comparison of immunohematological properties of serum and egg yolk hemagglutinins of hens immunized with OSe saliva].

Hens were immunized intraperitoneally with OSe saliva mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant, and the properties of hemagglutinins in sera and egg yolk were compared. Both serum and egg yolk hemagglutinins agglutinated O, A1, B and A1B erythrocytes to a similar degree, and both showed somewhat stronger agglutinating potencies at 5 degrees C than at 25 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The degrees of agglutination were little improved by the addition of 20% BSA or PVP medium solution for potentiating incomplete agglutinin. The antiglobulin-augmentation reaction with specific anti-chicken-Igs revealed that the principal immunoglobulins of the serum hemagglutinins produced during the early and hyperimmune phases of immune response were IgM and IgG, respectively; whereas the presence in egg yolk of both IgM and IgG hemagglutinins was demonstrated throughout the antibody producing periods. The yolk probably contained IgM incomplete hemagglutinins, because addition of an antiserum to chicken-IgM strongly enhanced the yolk hemagglutinin. The secretor status of six saliva specimens, OSe, Ose, ASe, Ase, BSe and Bse, was tested by the agglutinin-inhibition reaction using one of the following reagents: Ulex lectin, chicken antiserum, and egg yolk hemagglutinin. High inhibition titers of OSe saliva were obtained with the serum hemagglutinin (of the early and hyperimmune phases) and the yolk hemagglutinin of the eggs laid in the hyperimmune phase. The test with Ulex lectin showed a moderate grade of inhibition, and the use of yolk hemagglutinin produced in the early stage of immune response resulted in very low inhibition titers. Yolk hemagglutinins produced in the early and hyperimmune stages were more strongly inhibited by ASe and BSe salivas than by other hemagglutinin reagents. These results indicate the availability of blood group agglutinins in the yolks of eggs laid during the hyperimmune stage.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1989

Cell type-specific expression of the genes for the protein kinase C family: down regulation of mRNAs for PKC alpha and nPKC epsilon upon in vitro differentiation of a mouse neuroblastoma cell line neuro 2a.

By the use of cloned cDNAs for protein kinase C isozymes alpha, beta I, beta II, gamma, and those for novel protein kinase C, epsilon and zeta, the expression of the corresponding mRNA species was examined in various mouse tissues, human lymphoid cell lines, and mouse cell lines of neuronal origin. In adult brain, mRNAs for all the isozymes of PKC family are expressed. However, the expression of these mRNA species in brain is low at birth. A similar pattern of expression was also observed for beta I/beta II mRNAs in spleen. These expression patterns are in clear contrast to that for beta I/beta II mRNAs in thymus where the mRNAs are expressed at birth and the levels of expression decrease with age. Human lymphoid cell lines express large amounts of PKC beta mRNAs in addition to PKC alpha. Further, nPKC epsilon mRNA is expressed in some of these cell lines. On the other hand, all the mouse cell lines of neuronal origin tested express nPKC epsilon and zeta in addition to PKC alpha. In a mouse neuroblast cell line, Neuro 2a, down modulation of mRNAs for both PKC alpha and nPKC epsilon was observed in association with in vitro differentiation.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Molecular cloning of a novel mammalian calcium-dependent protease distinct from both m- and mu-types. Specific expression of the mRNA in skeletal muscle.

Two types of calcium-dependent protease with distinct calcium requirements (termed muCANP and mCANP) are known in mammalian tissues. These two isozymes consist of different large (80-kDa) subunits (mu- or m-types) and identical small (30-kDa) subunits. By screening human and rat muscle cDNA libraries with a cDNA probe for the chicken CANP large subunit, which has a structure similar to both the mammalian mu- and m-types, a cDNA clone encoding a novel member of the CANP large subunit family was obtained. The encoded protein (designated "p94") consists of 821 amino acid residues (Mr 94,084) and shows significant sequence homology with both human mu-type (54%) and m-type (51%) large subunits. p94 can be divided into four domains (I-IV) as reported for the CANP large subunit family. Domains II and IV are potential cysteine protease and calcium-binding domains, respectively, and have sequences homologous to the corresponding domains of other CANP large subunits. However, domain I of p94 is significantly different from others. Moreover, p94 contains two unique sequences of 62 and 77 residues in domains II and III, respectively. In contrast to the ubiquitous expression of mu- and m-types, Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNA for p94 exists only in skeletal muscle with none detected in other tissues including heart muscle and smooth muscles such as intestine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Direct evidence that the kinase activity of protein kinase C is involved in transcriptional activation through a TPA-responsive element.

In order to examine the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the transcriptional activation of genes by TPA (12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate) we have constructed a series of PKC expression plasmids. Transient expression of an active fragment of PKC in rat fibroblasts resulted in the transcriptional activation of a TRE (TPA-responsive element)-CAT chimeric gene which contains various repetitions of collagenase TREs. These provide the first direct evidence that kinase activity of PKC is involved in TPA-induced transcriptional activation through TRE.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

DNA aneuploidy assessment of the effectiveness of hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.

The relationship between DNA ploidy and effects of preoperative hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy were investigated in 118 patients who underwent esophageal resection and reconstruction for carcinoma of the esophagus, including 56 treated with hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy (HCR therapy) and 62 treated with chemo-radiotherapy (CR therapy). DNA ploidy patterns were grouped into low and high ploidies, according to the degree of dispersion and the peak value on the DNA histogram. In the low ploidy group, there were no significant differences in the prognosis and histologic effects between the HCR and CR therapies. In the high ploidy group, however, the difference in survival curves was statistically significant, the 3-year survival rates of patients given HCR therapy and CR therapy being 26.7% and 10.7%, respectively (P less than 0.05). The HCR therapy increased the rate of "markedly effective" in the resected tissue compared with findings in cases of CR therapy. These findings show the positive effects of the HCR therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus, especially for patients with an aneuploid profile and a poor prognosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Chromosomal assignment of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA integration sites in a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line (WH257GE10).

The chromosomal sites of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA integration were identified in a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line (WH257GE10) by the in situ hybridization technique using 3H-labelled WHV whole genome (WHV 2) as a probe. The G-banded chromosome spreads from WH257GE10 were identified and diagrammed schematically according to their band patterns. WHV DNA was integrated into 2 sites: 33 region of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q33) and 31 region of the long arm of chromosome 8 (8q31). Chromosomal sites of WHV DNA integration were stable during successive passage periods analyzed in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Tandemly reiterated negative enhancer-like elements regulate transcription of a human gene for the large subunit of calcium-dependent protease.

Calcium-dependent protease (CANP, Calpain) is an intracellular protease involved in essential cellular functions mediated by calcium. To understand the mechanism regulating the expression of CANP at the transcriptional level, we isolated a human gene for the large subunit of mCANP (CANP mL) and analyzed its 5'-region. The transcription initiation sites were mapped to multiple positions (-142 to -103, A of initiation ATG as +1). The upstream region lacks typical promoter elements such as TATA and CAAT boxes and is characterized by its high GC content (-300 to -20, 70% GC content). Functional analyses of the 5'-region by a transient expression assay on HeLa cells revealed that the region (-202 to -80) has a promoter activity. The upstream half of the promoter region (-202 to -130) acts as an upstream promoter element in an orientation-independent manner. Upstream of the promoter region are tandemly reiterated multiple regulatory regions (-2.5k to -690, -690 to -460, -460 to -260, and -260 to -202), each of which negatively regulates the CANP mL gene promoter as well as heterologous promoters in an orientation-independent manner. The presence of a cellular factor(s) mediating the action of these positive (promoter) and negative regulatory elements was suggested by an in vivo competition assay. The negative regulation of transcription mediated by these reiterated cis-acting elements and trans-acting factor(s) may play an essential role in the expression of the CANP mL gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

A novel yeast gene coding for a putative protein kinase.

A yeast gene termed YKR2 coding for a putative protein kinase was isolated using the cloned cDNA for rabbit protein kinase C as a hybridization probe. The encoded protein YKR2, containing 677 amino acids, shows about 40% sequence identity in the kinase region to a family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases from various species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Rabbit brain glucose transporter responds to insulin when expressed in insulin-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the expression vector containing rabbit brain HepG2-type glucose transporter cDNA resulted in a dramatic over-expression (approximately 10-fold) of glucose transporter as assessed by either immunoblotting with antipeptide antibody against rabbit brain glucose transporter or photoaffinity labeling with [3H]cytochalasin B. 2-Deoxyglucose uptake was also increased 4-fold in the transfected cells, while no increase in transport activity or transporter amount was observed in cells that were transfected with the expression vector alone without glucose transporter cDNA. Significantly, insulin (10(-7) M) increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake in both control and transfected cells, but the increased amount of the transported 2-deoxyglucose by insulin in the transfected cells was 4.2-fold greater than that in control cells, indicating that the expressed rabbit brain HepG2-type glucose transporter responded to insulin. In addition, we have recently demonstrated that the HepG2-type glucose transporter exists in rat adipocytes and responds to insulin in a fashion similar to a majority of other types of glucose transporters (Oka, Y., Asano, T., Shibasaki, Y., Kasuga, M., Kanazawa, Y., and Takaku, F. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 13432-13439). In contrast, insulin did not stimulate glucose transport activity in HepG2 cells or IM-9 lymphocytes that have a significant amount of the HepG2-type glucose transporter. Thus, the results in this study further support the notion that insulin regulation of glucose transport activity depends on a tissue-specific signaling mechanism.

Affinity Labels↗

PubMed1989

Clinicopathologic study of early stage esophageal carcinoma.

As part of a consecutive series of 370 patients who underwent subtotal esophagectomy because of carcinoma of the thoracic area of the esophagus, between January 1965 and July 1988, in the Second Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Hospital, 42 patients (11.4%) with early stage esophageal carcinomas confined to the intraepithelium, mucosa, or submucosa were studied clinicopathologically. Of these 42, 26 (61.9%) had symptoms; slight dysphagia or chest discomfort was the most common symptom. The remaining 16 (38.1%) had no subjective symptoms. Endoscopic examination proved to be more useful than barium studies. Lugol-combined endoscopy was most effective in detecting the presence and spread of small malignant lesions of the esophagus. At the time of surgery, six patients with submucosal carcinoma of the esophagus had lymph node metastasis, and five died of recurrence. Described herein are the diagnostic features, clinicopathologic characteristics, and long-term results of these 42 patients with early stage, and 328 patients with advanced, carcinomas of the esophagus, detected and surgically treated in our clinics.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Occurrence of esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy.

A review of data on 548 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma revealed that 24 (4.4%) had had gastrectomy. Although the interval of the gastrectomy due to peptic ulcer or gastric cancer and esophageal cancer was 13.4 +/- 7.9 and 5.8 +/- 4.2 years, respectively, this difference was thought to be due only to the occurrence of each disease. The incidence of the occurrence of the lower esophageal cancer after gastrectomy was 29.2%, not significantly higher than the 22.4% incidence of lower esophageal cancer in overall cases. Histopathological investigation of the 13 resected esophageal cancer tissues from gastrectomized patients revealed a mild esophagitis in some cases, with no significant histologic characteristics. Thus esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and previous gastrectomy may be incidentally related.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Hypercalcemia related to the poor prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

A review of 208 cases of surgically treated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus revealed 16 (7.7%) with hypercalcemia. There was no evidence of bone metastases in 13 (6.3%) of the patients with hypercalcemia. Pathogenesis of this hypercalcemia without bone metastases was suggested to be multifactorial. Anastomotic leakage and malnutrition because of fasting were the most possible causes of mild hypercalcemia, and moderate to severe hypercalcemia was thought to be due to subclinical and clinical recurrence of the tumor, probably with PTH-like hormonal activity. Overall survival rates in the groups with and without hypercalcemia were 18.2 and 61.7% at the 12th postoperative month and 9.1 and 37.8% at the 24th month, respectively. Thus hypercalcemia is a significant prognostic factor linked to an unfavorable clinical course even in patients with no evidence of bone metastases.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

Modern coding sequences are in the periodic-to-chaotic transition.

Modern coding sequences are in the periodic-to-chaotic transition. In the case of alpha A-crystallin coding sequence of the chicken, the initial tetrameric periodicity of the primordial tetramer C C T G has been decaying by the golden mean: the 4, 7, 11 rule. Thus, the tetramer has become parts of recurring heptamers, and some heptamers have become parts of the 11-base-long repeating units.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Preoperative hyperthermochemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer.

Preoperative hyperthermochemoradiotherapy (HCR therapy), consists of a combination of hyperthermia at 42 to 45 degrees C for 40 minutes (2 times per week for two weeks), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intravenously (total, 1000 to 1750 mg), and a total of 30 Gy irradiation. The therapy was prescribed preoperatively most recently for 11 patients with rectal cancer. The authors used a radiofrequency system involving an endotract electrode with thermosensors for the hyperthermia. The effectiveness of preoperative HCR therapy was evaluated by irrigography, fiberscopy, and histopathologic findings in the resected specimens. Reduction in tumor size and amount was evident in all patients, with all modes of assessment. Histologically, no or only a few viable cancer cells were seen in the resected specimens in six patients, a small number of viable cancer cells in three, and a fair number of viable cancer cells in two patients; there were no complications. This method of treatment is expected to play an important role in the interdisciplinary treatment for rectal cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Lack of muscularis mucosa and the occurrence of Boerhaave's syndrome.

Six patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) were surgically treated in the Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University. Two patients underwent esophageal resection. Histopathologic examinations revealed the absence of muscularis mucosa around the sites of esophageal rupture in these two patients. In the patient treated most recently, serial histologic investigation demonstrated that the lack of muscularis mucosa existed not only around but also along the longitudinal extension of the site of rupture. This finding suggests that lack of muscularis mucosa in the esophageal wall may be one cause of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus.

Adult↗