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Biomedical subjects

S Ohara

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohara.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Calcium deposition in the skin of a hemodialysis patient with widespread skin necrosis.

Rapidly progressive skin necrosis involving large areas of the skin associated with extensive vascular calcification was observed in a 39-year-old male patient on chronic hemodialysis. Histological examination of the periphery of a skin ulcer showed that subepidermal arterioles were occluded with fibrin deposits and that calcification was demonstrated in subcutaneous small arteries and arterioles. Electron microscopically, electron-dense materials, granular, crystal-like, vacuolar, or laminated, were found not only in arterial walls of the periphery of an ulcer but also, to a lesser extent, in those of normal-appearing skin. The skin necrosis gradually healed with antiseptic topical treatments and the injection of recombinant erythropoietin. The relationship between the vascular lesions in hemodialysis patients and progressive skin necrosis is not well known, although a combination of local and systemic factors may play an important role in the development of vascular calcification and skin necrosis in uremic and hemodialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of careful tooth-brushing instruction by teachers on incipient gingivitis in school children].

At the Hiraizumi Primary School in Iwate Prefecture, 84 children with incipient gingivitis were selected at the annual dental examination in May. And the teachers instructed these children individually how to remove the remaining dental plaque. Moreover, the children were checked for the cleanliness of the teeth and inflammation of the gingiva by the teacher or their parents three times a day during the one week just before the second examination. In July the second examination was held and it was revealed that in sixty-three of eighty-four selected children the incipient inflammation of gingiva had improved.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Investigation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urothelium. Nara Urooncology Research Group (NUORG)].

During the 5 years from January, 1985 to December, 1989, 88 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and/or ureter were operated curatively in the Department of Urology, Nara Medical University and the affiliated hospitals. There were 66 males and 22 females (3:1) and the mean age was 66.0 years old ranging from 34 to 82. Staging of the renal pelvic and ureteral cancer of each patient was determined by General Rule for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Renal Pelvic and Ureteral Cancer established jointly by Japanese Urological Association and The Japanese Society of Pathology in 1990. The over-all survival rates at 1 and 3 years were 91.2% and 74.0%, respectively. The 3 year survival rates of TS and TE were 80.5% and 41.7%. As for grading, the 3-year survival rates were 75.0% for G1, 70.1% for G2, and 75.2% for G3, respectively. The stage of the tumors affected the prognosis. Of 88 patients 26 (Group 1) received cisplatin based combination chemotherapy as a postoperative adjuvant therapy, and the remaining 62 (Group 2) received no such cytotoxic adjuvant chemotherapy. The 3-year survival rates were 63.3% in Group 1 and 78.9% in Group 2, however mean age of Group 1 was significantly younger than that of Group 2. In spite of the age matched trial, there were no significant differences in survival rates between both groups. Adverse effects of cisplatin based combination chemotherapy included gastrointestinal symptom, fatigue, alopecia and leukopenia, however no serious toxicity was seen. These results suggest that prospective randomized trial would be clarified the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with renal pelvic and/or ureteral cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Tumor thrombus and microvascular invasion as prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma.

The significance of two types of vascular invasion (macroscopic tumor thrombus into the renal vein or vena cava inferior and microvascular invasion) as prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma is analyzed in 121 patients treated at the Department of Urology, Nara Medical University. The data indicate there to be close correlations between tumor thrombus, microvascular invasion and distant metastasis. In patients with tumor thrombus, however, the prognosis is not as poor when surgical removal of the tumor thrombus is successfully performed as when it is not. In contrast, the prognosis of patients with positive microvascular invasion is significantly worse than that of those with a negative finding. Microvascular invasion appears to be a significant prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma in addition to well-known factors such as tumor stage, tumor grade, tumor thrombus and distant metastasis. To detect microvascular invasion, the histological examination should be extended to give as much detail as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Current status of adjuvant chemotherapy of invasive bladder cancer].

The current status of adjuvant chemotherapy for clinically localized but invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is reported. Since 1986, a prospective randomized study has been conducted to examine the effects of neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + cisplatin (CAP) and radiation therapy for T2-3N0-3M0. A total of 47 patients were entered. However, 4 patients were excluded from the study. All eligible patients were randomized into two groups: neoadjuvant CAP plus radiation and control group. In the neoadjuvant treated-group, a 55% complete response plus partial response rate and a 88% downstaging were noted. Both the 12- and 36-month disease-free survival rates of neoadjuvant treated-group were 94.7%, and were higher than those of the control group (p less than 0.1). As for T4N0-3M0 cases, a total of 6 patients were treated with neoadjuvant methotrexate + vinblastine + doxorubicin + cisplatin (M-VAC) therapy. Favorable results were not obtained in this study at this point, because full dose M-VAC and planned recycling were not performed sufficiently. These findings suggests that neoadjuvant CAP plus radiation therapy would be useful for T2-3 invasive cancer of the bladder. Methods to administer full dose M-VAC; such as developments of new chemotherapeutic agents and of new anti-toxic agents, should be developed. In addition, a more successful regimen than M-VAC should be considered for T4 localized invasive bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Salivary epidermal growth factor in patients with peptic ulcer].

Recent animal studies suggest salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a cytoprotective effect in the upper GI tract and is one of the important factors to promote the healing of experimental ulcer. The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of salivary EGF in peptic ulcer patients. Saliva samples were collected from 129 endoscopically normal subjects and 232 peptic ulcer patients. Salivary EGF concentration was measured by RIA. Salivary EGF output in normal subjects was 5.26 +/- 0.26 (ng/5 min) (mean +/- SE). Those in patients with gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastroduodenal ulcer (GDU) were 10.74 +/- 0.15, 8.13 +/- 0.83 and 9.79 +/- 0.91. EGF output in GU and GDU patients were higher than that in normal subjects respectively. Tractable GU patients (healed within 3 months with regular regimen) had higher EGF output than intractable GU patients. Among tractable GU patients, those who had healing within 8 weeks had higher output. EGF output in patients with recurrent GU was lower than that in non-recurrent GU patients. In 10 GU patients, EGF output became higher in healing stage than in active stage. Salivary EGF may promote the healing and prevent the recurrence of human gastric ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[An effect of aluminum on hemesynthesis--special reference to erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen--1--Synthetase and protoporphyrin].

In order to evaluate an inhibitory effect of Al on haem synthesis, erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen-1-synthetase (RBC-Uro-S) activity and erythrocyte level of protoporphyrin (RBC-protoporph) were measured and compared with RBC-Al in 22 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. RBC-Uro-S activity was varied from 38 to 83 nM/ml RBC/hr 37 degrees C (54.18 +/- 12.42 nM/ml RBC/hr 37 degrees C) and a slight elevation could be found no more than in two cases. On the other hand, RBC-protoporph levels showed to be significantly elevated in many cases such as 8 cases out of 22 (36.4%). (normal subjects: 63.25 +/- 27.61 micrograms/dl RBC, HD patients: 90.0 +/- 28.35 micrograms/dl RBC). This study failed to confirm a significant negative correlation between RBC-Al and RBC-Uro-S activity, but a positive significant correlation could be found between RBC-Al and protoporphyrin levels. However we could confirm a negative correlation neither between RBC-Al and Hb values nor between RBC-Uro-S activity and Hb values. Therefore we concluded that Al-intoxication in the patients on long term hemodialysis had a definite inhibitory effect on heme synthesis, but it was by no means a major factor in pathogenesis of anemia associated with chronic dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic treatment for submucosal tumors of the esophagus: studies in 25 patients.

Twenty-five patients with submucosal tumor of the esophagus were treated endoscopically. All patients underwent submucosography. The tumors were classified as intra-luminal or intra-mural types according to growth pattern. Twenty tumors were resected using electrocautery in single sessions. Another 5 lesions (more than 20 mm in diameter) were subjected to absolute ethanol injections in multiple sessions to necrotize the tissue, after the overlying mucosa was stripped off by electrocautery. These procedures were not accompanied with serious complications such as perforation or massive bleeding. Oozing bleeding occurred in 3 patients, which was easily stopped by topical injection of absolute ethanol with an endoscope. Esophageal stenosis did not occur. Local reccurence of a submucosal tumor was found in a patient after 14 months, and was retreated successfully. Although the wall of the esophagus is thinner than that of the stomach, endoscopic treatment for a submucosal tumor of the esophagus can be performed safely. Submucosography and endoscopic ultrasonography reveals the extent of the tumor in relation to the esophageal wall thickness. These examinations are helpful in preventing complications. Endoscopic treatment for submucosal tumors using electrocautery and topical injection of absolute ethanol were effective and safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Brain abscess associated with congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.

A case of brain abscess associated with congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula was presented and 52 reported cases were reviewed. The brain abscess was successfully treated with repeated aspiration and drainage, and the pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, located in the right lower lobe, was resected. The arteriovenous fistula occurs as a common pulmonary manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; however, no symptoms suggesting these two were noted in this case. Brain abscesses can be an initial clinical manifestation in asymptomatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. This possible association should be borne in mind in cases of brain abscesses of unexplained etiology.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1990

Effects of bestatin on the host immunity in patients treated for urogenital cancer.

To examine effects of bestatin on the host immunity of patients with urogenital cancer, 54 patients were randomized into 2 groups: bestatin treated and controls. In each group, the patients were divided into 2 subgroups: one which received basic treatment expected to greatly affect host immunity ('invasive treatment') while the other one received other types of basic treatment ('non-invasive treatment'). Peripheral lymphocyte, OKT 4/8 ratio and purified protein derivative (PPD) skin reaction were used as immunological markers. There were significant differences in the 'invasive' treatment group between bestatin treated patients and controls concerning lymphocyte counts and PPD skin reactions and in the 'non-invasive' group concerning lymphocyte counts and OKT 4/8 ratios. These results suggest that bestatin may potentiate host immunity in patients with urogenital cancer. Further studies on larger materials are, however, needed before more definite conclusions can be drawn.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of acid secretagogues on rat gastric mucus glycoprotein content and gastric mucosal resistance].

In our previous reports, low dose acid secretagogues caused increase in corpus mucus glycoprotein content in rats. This increase was not due to the direct action of protons. The present study was conducted to determine whether this increase has a mucosal function or not Rats were given histamine (0.8 mg/kg) intraperitoneally or tetragastrin (12 micrograms/kg) subcutaneously. One hour following the acid secretagogues administration, the animals were given 1 ml of 30, 40 or 50% ethanol orally and then sacrificed after one hour. Gastric mucus glycoproteins were isolated from the corpus region of stomach. The following results were obtained: 1) Histamine prevented the gastric mucosal damage and the decrease of corpus mucus glycoprotein content induced by 40% ethanol ingestion. 2) Tetragastrin prevented the gastric mucosal damage induced by 30 approximately 50% ethanol ingestion and the decrease of corpus mucus glycoprotein content induced by 40 approximately 50% ethanol ingestion. Based on these results, the increase of corpus mucus glycoprotein content induced by acid secretagogues has a mucosal function. Moreover, tetragastrin strengthened the mucosal defence together with acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of absolute ethanol injection method for stress ulcer bleeding after major surgeries.

Emergency endoscopy, carried out in 342 cases of UGI overt bleeding at the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University during the six year period from June 1979, demonstrated the necessity of endoscopic hemostasis in 171 cases (50%) with active bleeding, adhered fresh blood clot or exposed vessel with bloody gastric juice. The absolute ethanol injection method was applied to achieve hemostasis in all cases including 30 cases (18%) of postoperative stress ulcer bleeding after major surgeries. Temporary hemostasis was obtained successfully in all 30 cases and rebleeding did not develop. New bleedings in 2 cases (7%) were stopped by repeated injections of absolute ethanol. No patients died from bleeding nor underwent emergency or elective operation. Five patients (17%) died from complicated underlying diseases. Perforation developed in one case (3%). In this case new bleeding occurred on two occasions, and each time hemostasis was obtained. However, this patient showed early symptoms of perforation immediately before the third hemostasis, and was operated on after local injection of absolute ethanol. The complete hemostasis was achieved in 100% of postoperative stress ulcer cases by the ethanol method.

Adult↗