Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S O Larsen.
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The question as to whether the distribution of HLA antigens differs between old and young persons has been studied only in a few population groups. There are observations showing an increase of heterozygosity of the HLA system (Bender et al. 1973, Gerkins et al. 1974) which indicate an advantage of heterozygosity for survival, but other studies fail to confirm this finding )Albert et al. 1974, Mucurová et al. 1975, Bender et al. 1976). Since the present authors, in a study of HLA gene frequencies on five small Danish islands (Hansen et al. 1974) had found a tendency to a changed frequency of certain HLA types among the oldest persons, it was decided to examine this question by typing larger numbers of persons of different age groups.
It is shown that the matrix of second-order derivatives of the log likelihood function in the case of ABO-like systems can be subjected to explicit inversion in the general case of k antigens.
Radioactive antigen/antibody complexes are degraded to a greater extent by PE macrophages from C3H, CBA and C57Bl mice injected intraperitoneally with proteose-peptone (stimulated macrophages) and T.A.B. vaccine than by PE macrophages from normal mice and mice immunized with BCG (activated macrophages). On the other hand, spleen macrophages from mice immunized with BCG had a greater digestive capacity than macrophages from mice injected with proteose-peptone or T.A.B. vaccine or from normal mice. Thus, activated macrophages are capable of degrading antigen/antibody complexes, provided that the cells are harvested from one of the foci of BCG infection.
The intracellular generation time of Listeria monocytogenes is increased in monolayers of PE macrophages from mice immunized with BCG, listeria and T.A.B. vaccine as compared with monolayers of PE macrophages from normal mice stimulated intraperitoneally with proteosepeptone. Thus non-specifically stimulated and immunologically activated macrophages, although sharing several other characteristics, differ in their capacity to control intracellular bacterial infection.
Large doses of hydrocortisone, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate injected subcutaneously, and whole-body irradiation (500 rads) caused a reduction in the number of peritoneal cells (PE cells) obtained after intraperitoneal injection of the treated mice with proteose-peptone. The same dose of cyclophosphamide and irradiation induced morphological changes in PE macrophages. There were more giant cells in the peritoneal exudates from treated mice as compared to control mice. 'Pharmacological' and larger doses of hydrocortisone, methotrexate and azathioprine or anti-lymphocyte globulin had no effect on the in vitro phagocytic capacity of proteose-peptone-stimulated mouse PE macrophages. This also applied to doses of up to 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. In contrast, whole-body irradiation (500 rad) and 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide decreased the phagocytic capacity of mouse macrophages in vitro and reduced the ability of PE cells to degrade 125I-labelled HSA-antibody complexes in vitro. The greatest effect was noted 4-5 days after whole-body irradiation or four to five subcutaneous injections of cyclophosphamide.
Seventeen out of 17,073 people in Denmark who had had a positive reaction to a Paul-Bunnell test between the years 1940 and 1969 developed Hodgkin's disease after an interval of at least 12 months. This number was significantly (P < 0.0002) greater than the expected number of two women and four men. Sixteen of those developing Hodgkin's disease were men. Case records, which were available for 12 of them, confirmed that they had had infectious mononucleosis. The number of cases of leukaemia that developed in the sample population was no greater than expected.
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