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Biomedical subjects

S O Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to S O Larsen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A quantitative and qualitative study of blood monocytes in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.

Absolute circulating number and functions of blood monocytes (i.e., pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis) were studied in 25 patients with untreated bronchogenic carcinoma and in 28 control subjects. The absolute circulating monocyte count was increased in 20 (80%) of the patients. There was no difference in the pinocytic and phagocytic activity of patient and control monocytes. In contrast, patient monocytes showed depressed chemotactic responsiveness. This defect was more severe in small cell anaplastic carcinoma than in the other histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma (P = 0.0001), and may explain the difference in macrophage infiltration seen in solid tumours of the lung. There was no correlation between chemotaxis and clinical stage. Depressed chemotaxis may be related to a plasma factor, since patient plasma inhibited the chemotaxis of control monocytes as well as the activity of chemotactic agents. The defective chemotaxis and the presence of plasma inhibitory activity may interfere with the ability of blood monocytes to accumulate as macrophages in tumour sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Urinary-tract infection and bacteraemia in hospitalized medical patients--a European multicentre prevalence survey on nosocomial infection.

A co-ordinated survey of 3899 medical patients in 169 wards, performed simultaneously in eight countries, showed a point-prevalence of urinary-tract infection (UTI) and bacteraemia of 12.6 and 1.6 per cent, respectively. One-half of the infections were acquired after the patients' admission. The bacteriological patterns of hospital- vs community-acquired infections were different, but showed no unexpected features. Antibiotic treatment was recorded in 22.3 per cent of the patients in this study, urinary-tract disinfectants, sulphonamides or penicillins being used in 95 per cent of those treated for UTI. The overall prevalence of urinary-tract drainage was 11.0 per cent with no significant difference between the two sexes. At ward level the rate of catheterized patients varied from below 5 per cent to more than 25 per cent, indicating--besides variations in the ward populations--differences in policies. The association between nosocomial UTI and the presence of an indwelling catheter and/or female sex was confirmed, while high age appeared to be a secondary risk factor among catheterized patients. The prevalence of nosocomial bacteraemia in patients with UTI was five times higher than in those without urinary-tract involvement, and a significant part of the nosocomial cases of both UTI and bacteraemia was clearly device-related. Guidelines for the use of indwelling catheters should be restrictive and provide for prompt removal. When introduced and followed they will effectively reduce nosocomial UTI and bacteraemia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

In vitro studies on the tumour cytotoxicity of normal, stimulated and immunologically activated mouse macrophages.

Peripheral macrophages (MO) from mice injected with proteose-peptone (P), thioglycollate (T) medium or BCG and from mice undergoing a graft versus host (GVH) reaction were tested for their cytotoxicity towards three murine tumour cell lines. The ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lymphokines to increase cytotoxicity was also studied. TMO were only slightly cytotoxic and this cytotoxicity was not enhanced by LPS and lymphokines. PMO showed the same degree of cytotoxicity as TMO, but this could be enhanced by LPS and lymphokines. Resident macrophages (RMO) sometimes resembled TMO and sometimes PMO. BCGMO were highly cytotoxic and could not be further activated by LPS and lymphokines. GVHMO were moderately cytotoxic but could not be further activated by LPS and lymphokines in contrast to the MO from hybrid controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of smear and cytocentrifugation techniques for estimation of human peripheral blood monocytes.

Differential counts of smears and cytospins of full blood, dextran fractionated blood leukocytes and metrizoate/Ficoll fractionated mononuclear blood cells were compared. Frequencies of lymphocytes decreased in cytospins as compared with smears. The monocyte/lymphocyte ratios were 0.24 in smears of full blood and 0.22, 0.31, 0.15 and 0.39 in smears and cytospins of dextran supernatant cells and metrizoate/Ficoll interface cells, respectively. Less than 5% of cells were broken in all preparations. The slide to slide variation was larger in preparations of fractionated cells than in smears of full blood. Cells were evenly distributed in mononuclear cytospins.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tuberculosis treated with rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid: Danish tuberculosis trial 1972-1974.

A total of 577 Danish patients with tuberculosis were observed for a period of 5 years. A primary phase of treatment with 300 mg Isoniazid (INH), 450 mg Rifampicin (RMP) and 1200 mg Ethambutol (EMB) daily for 3 months was followed by administration of either INH+RMP or INH+EMB for 12 or 18 months after conversion. During the initial period the number of bacteria decreased rapidly, even in patients with the most severe tuberculosis, and all patients became culture negative. There was no significant difference in efficacy of RMP and EMB in the secondary phase. One of the 577 patients again became positive during the follow-up period, but there were no bona fide cases of relapse among patients who completed the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Defective monocyte chemotaxis in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Because mononuclear phagocytes are crucially involved in the host resistance to mycobacterial challenge, various functions of human monocytes (i.e. pinocytosis, phagocytosis and chemotaxis) were studied in 15 patients with active, untreated pulmonary tuberculosis and in 32 controls. There was no difference in the pinocytic and phagocytic activity of tuberculous and control monocytes. In contrast, tuberculosis monocytes showed depressed chemotaxis compared with control monocytes (P = 0.000001). This defect may be related to a plasma factor, since tuberculous plasma inhibited the chemotaxis of control monocytes as well as the activity of chemotactic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Human monocyte function in vitro: influence of conditions during transport of blood from patient to laboratory.

Monocyte functional tests were carried out on samples of peripheral human blood which had been subjected to 4 different conditions of transport and temperature. There was no difference in cell viability or pinocytic, phagocytic and chemotactic activity of monocytes isolated from blood exposed to these different conditions. However, the yield of monocytes obtained after metrizoate/polysucrose centrifugation was very low when blood samples in transit were kept for 2 h at 0--4 degrees C. It is concluded that a period of transport up to 24 h is acceptable, provided the temperature of the blood sample is kept between 15 and 25 degrees C.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A program for maximum likelihood estimation and likelihood ratio tests in one-locus ABO-like systems based upon population phenotype data.

Phenotypes in an ABO-like system of a number of genetically-independent persons from a number of populations are supposed to be observed. The program which is written in FORTRAN calculates maximum likelihood estimates of gene frequencies and their standard errors in each population and in the populations taken together. Furthermore the program calculates expected values and likelihood ratio and goodness of fit chi-square tests of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If several subpopulations are pooled together a likelihood ratio test of homogeneity is performed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

A general program for estimation of haplotype frequencies from population diploid data.

The program which is written in FORTRAN estimates haplotype frequencies in two-locus and three-locus genetic systems from population diploid data. It is based on the gene counting method which leads to maximum likelihood estimates, and can be used whenever the possible antigens (one or more) on each chromosome can be specified for each person and for each locus, i.e., ABO-like systems and inclusions are permitted. The number of alleles per locus may be rather large, and both grouped and ungrouped data can be used. Log likelihoods are calculated on the basis of various assumptions, so that likelihood ratio tests can be carried out.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1979

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection associated with affection of the central nervous system.

A total of 371 patients with acute, febrile, non-bacterial affection of the CNS hospitalized between Nov. 1, 1971, and June 1, 1976, were examined for Mycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae infection. Nineteen of the patients showed evidence of a current M. pneumoniae infection, 32 of a previous infection, and 320 no evidence. In patients with a current infection due to M. pneumoniae, suggestive evidence is presented that this agent might be involved in the pathogenesis of the neurological syndromes. Compared to cases without the infection, these cases and, to a lesser degree, those with a previous M. pneumoniae infection showed an increased frequency of pathological values, found by various laboratory and instrumental parameters, and a slightly higher frequency of neurological sequelae. Respiratory illness was present in only 11 of the 19 patients infected with M. pneumoniae, a classical respiratory tract pathogen. The overall incidence of current M. pneumoniae infections among patients with neurological syndromes was 5%, with a maximum of 10% during the 1972 epidemic. This is a much higher figure than expected from a mere coincidence of the two conditions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

HLA--A, B haplotype frequencies in 5,202 unrelated Danes by a maximum-likelihood method of gene counting.

A population sample of 5,202 persons comprising normal, healthy individuals from three laboratories in Copenhagen was used for estimating HLA-A, -B antigen, gene, and haplotype frequencies, besides delta-values and their standard errors. The serum panels used allowed the determination of a total of 273 HLA-A, -B haplotypes, and the most significant delta-values were in agreement with those found in other Caucasian populations. The methods used for the calculations of frequencies, delta-values, and standard errors are described.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

Correlation between in vivo and in vitro functional tests for activated macrophages.

Mice undergoing graft-versus-host reaction, skin grafting, and inoculation with tumor cells were tested for nonspecific resistance by intravenous challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from mice treated in a similar manner were tested in vitro for increased degradation of [1-14C]glucose, ability to degrade antigen/antibody complexes, ability to inhibit intracellular growth of listeria, and staining for beta-galactosidase. There was good correlation between in vivo resistance towards L. monocytogenes and in vitro inhibition of intracellular growth. There was also good correlation between increase in beta-galactosidase and in vivo resistance in mice undergoing a graft-versus-host-reaction.

Animals↗