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Biomedical subjects

S Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Noguchi.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Risks for malignancies in patients with chronic thyroiditis: a long-term follow-up study.

As a typical autoimmune disease, chronic thyroiditis may impose unusual risks for malignancies. A long-term follow-up study of a large number of patients (4,531) with chronic thyroiditis at the Noguchi Hospital in Ooita Prefecture was conducted for 0-24 years, the objective being to assess risks for various sites of neoplasms by comparing the observed numbers of deaths with the expected numbers computed from the mortality rates in Japan. There was no increase in risk for overall malignancies (90 observed vs. 104.1 expected) or breast cancer (4 observed vs. 5.7 expected). The patients had an increased risk for myelo- and lympho-proliferative neoplasms (13 observed vs. 4.9 expected, P less than 0.01), as found in a few previous follow-up studies. A new and unexpected finding was that the patients showed decreased risk for cancers of digestive tract (24 observed vs. 44.3 expected, P less than 0.01). The reason for this decline could not be elucidated in this study, so that further epidemiological studies and animal experiments in this respect are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of intracystic breast tumors].

Ultrasonography was performed on 1805 patients with breast diseases during the past 3 years and 20 (1.1%) intracystic tumors were detected. Among 20 intracystic tumors, 14 were finally diagnosed as benign and 6 as malignant. None of the 6 malignant lesions was judged as exclusively malignant and only 3 were considered as suspiciously malignant by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is effective in making the location of intracystic tumors clear but not suitable for distinguishing malignant tumor from those that are benign. On the contrary, among the 6 malignant lesions, 5 were diagnosed as malignant and 1 as suspiciously malignant by aspiration cytology. Therefore, a combined examination of ultrasonography and aspiration cytology is a useful method for preoperative diagnosis of intracystic breast tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Cell features and patterns in fine-needle aspirates of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The values of the cytologic features of individual cells and cellular patterns in aspirated materials in the diagnosis of 49 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were investigated. Excellent cytologic specimens were obtained by percutaneous aspiration biopsy with a heparinized fine 22-gauge needle. In the well-differentiated type of HCC, a correct diagnosis of malignancy was difficult from the cytologic features of individual cells because of their resemblance to normal hepatocytes. In contrast, in moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated types of HCC, a correct diagnosis of malignancy was easily made from the features of individual cells, but there was little or no cytologic evidence of the hepatic origin of the cells. Comparison of histologic and cytologic findings in aspirated materials obtained from the same patients showed that the cellular patterns seen in cytologic specimens faithfully reflected the histologic structures of HCC. Various characteristic cellular patterns were recognized only in specimens obtained from patients with HCC, but not in those from patients with benign liver diseases. These cellular patterns were very useful not only for diagnosis of malignancy, but also for identification of the hepatic origin of cells. A combination of the features of individual cells and of characteristic cellular patterns raised the diagnostic rates for well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated types of HCC to 90.5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Values of carcinoembryonic antigen, elastase 1, and carbohydrate antigen determinant in aspirated pancreatic cystic fluid in the diagnosis of cysts of the pancreas.

The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), elastase 1, and carbohydrate antigen determinant (CA 19-9) in the pancreatic cystic fluid and the serum from five patients with cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas, one patient with retention cyst due to pancreatic carcinoma, three patients with cystadenoma, and eight patients with benign pseudocyst accompanying or following pancreatitis, were determined by immunoassay technique. Fluid from pancreatic cysts was obtained by ultrasonically-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The specimens were centrifuged and the supernatant was used for the measurement of CEA, elastase 1, and CA 19-9, while the cell pellet was examined cytologically. The levels of CEA in the aspirated fluid were significantly higher in patients with malignant cysts of the pancreas than in those with benign cystadenomas and pseudocysts. In contrast, the levels of elastase 1 were significantly lower in patients with malignant cysts than in those with benign pancreatic cysts. Although the levels of CA 19-9 were significantly higher in patients with malignant cysts than in those with pseudocysts, the overlap between the values of patients with malignant and benign pancreatic cysts is too great. The serum CA 19-9 was most useful, however, to distinguish an individual patient with malignant cysts of the pancreas from those with benign pancreatic cyst, since there were no significant differences between the levels of serum CEA and elastase 1 in patients with malignant and benign pancreatic cysts. Correct diagnoses were made cytologically in 4 (66.7%) of 6 patients with malignant cysts. In two patients with malignant cyst, in whom no cancer cells were detectable in the aspirated materials, levels of CEA were abnormally high, but high levels of elastase 1 did not occur. Therefore, the combined measurement of CEA and elastase 1 in the aspirated cystic fluid of the pancreas could be used as an aid in diagnosis of malignant cysts of the pancreas.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Primary structure of the beta-subunit of Torpedo californica (Na+ + K+)-ATPase deduced from the cDNA sequence.

DNA complementary to the Torpedo californica electroplax mRNA coding for the beta-subunit of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase has been cloned by screening a cDNA library with an oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has revealed that this polypeptide consists of 305 amino acid residues (including the initiating methionine). The transmembrane topology and the potential N-glycosylation sites of this polypeptide are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Formation of 5 alpha-products as major C19-steroids in estrogen-responsive mouse Leydig cell tumor lines.

Homogenates of estrogen-responsive mouse Leydig cell tumors (T 124958-R and T 22137) or 28- and 120-day-old mouse testes were incubated with [3H]progesterone or [14C]4-androstene-3,17-dione in the presence of NADPH, and progesterone metabolism and enzyme activities were estimated. The growth of T 124958-R tumor transplanted in BALB/c mice was markedly stimulated by estrogenization of host mice, but the growth of T 22137 tumor was evidently suppressed by the estrogenization. The major C21-17-OH-steroids and C19-steroids formed from progesterone by both tumors and the testes of immature mice were 5 alpha-steroids, such as 3 alpha,17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, androsterone, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. In contrast, the major steroids formed by the testes of adult mice were testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione, and no or little 5 alpha-steroids were produced. 5 alpha-Reductase activities in both tumor cells (40-50 nmol/l X 10(8) cells per h) were also found to be approx. 5-6 times higher than that in Leydig cells of adult mouse testes (8 nmol/l X 10(8) Leydig cells per h), though 17-hydroxylase activity was much higher in the Leydig cells of adult testes (730 nmol/l X 10(8) Leydig cells per h) than in both tumor cells (1-7 nmol/l X 10(8) cells per h). Furthermore, the presence of significant amounts of endogenous androsterone and/or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol was demonstrated in both tumors by radioimmunoassay. The present results demonstrate for the first time that C19-5 alpha-steroids are major C19-steroid products (immature type of testicular androgen production) in Leydig cell tumor lines.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1986

Cervical teratoma in a fetus and an adult. Two case reports and review of literature.

Two cases of cervical teratoma in a 30-weeks fetus and a 26-year-old female have been presented. In the former case a large mass entirely occupied the anterior neck but showed no invasive or metastatic lesions, and in the other case a mass containing multiple cysts was situated in the right lower pole of the thyroid gland. Histologically, both tumors were composed of the elements derived from three germ layers including various epithelial components, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue. In addition to these predominantly mature elements, there were some elements showing primitive immature structure in the former case. Positive immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin displayed only in the former case and was observed in the compressed thyroid follicles located in the fibrous capsule and several small foci of primitive glandular structure which was an element of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A clinical observation on urogenital tuberculosis].

A clinical observation was made on 30 cases of urogenital tuberculosis diagnosed and treated at the urological department of our Hospital between January, 1976 and December, 1984. Furthermore, 20 of them were examined for drug resistance and investigated for this tendency. They accounted for 0.23% of the outpatients. Male to female ratio was 2 to 1, but on urological tuberculosis this ratio was even. The average age was 43.7 and 50% of the patients who had a history of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis could be detected in 24 of the 30 cases (80%) and 18 of the 21 cases (85.4%) of urological tuberculosis. Drug resistance was examined in 20 patients. The resistant ratio of M. tuberculosis against primary drugs such as SM, PAS, INAH was low and a high resistant ratio was observed on secondary drugs such as EB, RFP, TH. These clinical observations are reported and herein discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Inhibitory effects of tetragastrin and histamine on carcinogenesis in the small intestines of W rats by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The effects of tetragastrin and histamine on the incidence and histology of tumors induced in the small intestine by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine [(MNNG) CAS: 70-25-7] were investigated in male W rats. Animals were given MNNG at 150 micrograms/ml in their drinking water for 25 weeks and then 300 micrograms tetragastrin or 4 mg histamine dihydrochloride sc per day in depot form. Administration of tetragastrin or histamine after MNNG treatment resulted in a significant increase in gastric acid secretion and a significant reduction in the incidence of tumors in the duodenum; however, only histamine decreased the incidence of tumors in the jejunum. Histologically, the tumors induced in the small intestine were mostly adenocarcinomas, and their histologic type was not affected by either tetragastrin or histamine.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Stimulative effects of estrogens on tumor growth and 5 alpha-steroid production in a mouse Leydig cell tumor line (T 124958-R).

The effects of estrogens on the growth and enzyme activities for androgen synthesis in a mouse Leydig cell tumor line (T 124958-R) were studied. The s.c. implantation of a diethylstilbestrol pellet resulted in a marked enhancement of the tumor growth. 5 alpha-Reductase activity (nmol/g/h) in tumors rapidly grown in the presence of diethylstilbestrol pellet was 4 times higher than that in tumors slowly grown in the absence of diethylstilbestrol, whereas an inverse relation was found for 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity. 17-Hydroxylase activities were similar in both tumors. The major C21- and C19-steroids formed from progesterone by the tumors grown in the presence of estrogen were 5 alpha-steroids such as 3 alpha- or 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3 alpha, 17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, androsterone, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, whereas the major steroids formed by the tumors in the absence of estrogen were 4-ene-3-ketosteroids such as 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione, and testosterone. Furthermore, 10(-8) M of 17 beta-estradiol added in serum-free medium for 10 days significantly enhanced 5 alpha-reductase activities per 10(6) cells but significantly inhibited 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in primary cell culture. These results indicate that estrogens stimulate the growth of T 124958-R in vivo and that estrogens may directly enhance 5 alpha-reductase activity but inhibit 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in T 124958-R cells.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1986

[Bladder cancer in patients under fifty years of age].

Fifty-five cases of carcinoma of the bladder in the age group under fifty years have been reviewed. Seventy three percent of their tumors were low grade and low stage transitional cell carcinoma. Mainly, TUR was performed on these patients and their five year relative survival rate was 97.6%. The recurrence rate after TUR was 16%.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of tetragastrin on the colonic mucosa of rats during intrarectal administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The effects of the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin, tetragastrin, on the colonic mucosa on Days 15 and 25 during intrarectal administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and its effects on the incidences of colonic tumors in experimental Wk 20 and 35 were investigated in Wistar rats. Administration of tetragastrin in depot form during instillation of MNNG resulted in significant decreases in the incidences of mucosal erosions, ulcerations, and atypical regenerative glandular hyperplasias in the colonic mucosa, most of these lesions being greater in the distal half of the colon. Administration of tetragastrin also significantly decreased the incidences and/or numbers of colonic tumors in Wk 20 and 35. The distribution of colonic tumors induced in Wk 20 and 35 corresponded well to those of erosions, ulcerations, and atypical regenerative glandular hyperplasias induced during the administration of MNNG. These findings suggest that the effect of tetragastrin in decreasing the incidences of erosions, ulcerations, and atypical regenerative glandular hyperplasias in the colonic mucosa during instillation of MNNG is related to its effect in reducing the development of colonic tumors.

Animals↗