Biomedical subjects

S Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Noguchi.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

MRI findings of DREZ-otomy lesions.

Pre- and postoperative MR findings in the spinal cord of 4 patients who underwent lesioning of the cervical dorsal root entry zone (DREZ-otomy) are reported. In 3 patients with root avulsion, MR images revealed spinal cord atrophy preoperatively and, after DREZ-otomy, long-lasting spinal cord enlargement and extensive intramedullary changes. In a case without root avulsion, the preoperative MR study showed no apparent abnormality and the only postoperative MR change was a discrete lesion well confined to the dorsal horn. The findings suggested basically different post-operative pathology among patients with root avulsion and those without. MRI can be a useful supplement to autopsy study in defining postoperative spinal cord changes after DREZ-otomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Repeated treatment with levoprotiline, a novel antidepressant, up-regulates histamine H1 receptors and phosphoinositide hydrolysis response in vivo.

The effects of repeated administration of levoprotiline, a novel type of tetracyclic antidepressant on histamine H1, muscarinic acetylcholine and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and the response of phosphoinositide hydrolysis (PI) stimulated by histamine in the cortex of the rat brain were investigated. Histamine H1 receptors were up-regulated to 120% and PI response stimulated by histamine was enhanced to 160%-200% after repeated treatment with levoprotiline (20 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 28 days) when compared to that of the saline-treated group. No significant alterations of muscarinic acetylcholine and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were observed. This demonstrates that the repeated treatment with levoprotiline has prominent action on the regulation of histamine H1 receptors and PI response coupling to histamine H1 receptors in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Prediction of the outcome of postoperative hypocalcemia in Graves' disease.

Symptomatic hypocalcemia sometimes follows subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Irreversible damage to the parathyroids contributes to permanent hypocalcemia and the mechanism for a transient hypocalcemia is thought to be different from that of a permanent one. However, sensitive assays for parathyroid hormones (PTH), which had recently become available, revealed that levels of PTH decrease in patients with transient hypocalcemia. In order to differentiate a prolonged hypocalcemia from a transient one, calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations in serum as well as in urine, and whole molecule-PTH levels were determined in 18 Graves' disease patients with postoperative hypocalcemia just after the initial symptoms for hypocalcemia appeared. In 13 patients, medication was withdrawn within one month since serum calcium levels had returned to normal (transient hypocalcemia). In five other patients, medication was required for six months or more to maintain normocalcemia (prolonged hypocalcemia). The same parameters were determined after surgery in eight Graves' disease patients without hypocalcemia. Urinary inorganic phosphate concentrations in patients with prolonged hypocalcemia (0.02 +/- 0.01 mmol/mmol Cr) were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those in patients with transient hypocalcemia (1.59 +/- 1.59 mmol/mmol Cr) or those in control patients (1.27 +/- 0.70 mmol/mmol Cr). Preoperative concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphate in serum and urine, and serum alkaline-phosphatase activities were also determined. However, there were no significant differences in these parameters between patients with prolonged and those with transient hypocalcemia. It is concluded that prolonged hypocalcemia is discriminated from the transient type by determining the urinary inorganic phosphate at the time of appearance of the initial symptoms for hypocalcemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of the incidence of association of periodic paralysis and hyperthyroidism in Japan in 1957 and 1991.

Periodic paralysis has been known to be associated with thyrotoxicosis in Japan. The incidence was 8.6% among male and 0.4% among female thyrotoxic patients according to a survey performed in the three major thyroid clinics in Japan in 1957. To determine the changes in the incidence during the intervening 34 years, the same type of survey was carried out again in 1991 at the same three major thyroid clinics previously involved. The incidence of paralysis in 1991 was 4.3% among male and 0.04% among female thyrotoxic patients, indicating more than a 40% decrease in the incidence. The possible cause of the decrease is related to the changes in food consumption, namely, to the fact that less carbohydrate and more potassium were taken in 1991 than in 1957.

Diet↗

PubMed1992

Two cases of hypothyroidism associated with alpha-interferon therapy.

Alpha-interferon was used for anti-cancer or anti-viral therapy in two patients with preexisting autoimmune thyroid disease and in seven patients with chronic viral hepatitis who had no history of thyroid dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism developed in the two patients who had a history of autoimmune thyroid disease, while no changes in thyroid function were observed in the other seven patients. Modulation of the immune system by alpha-interferon may have been responsible for the development of hypothyroidism in these two patients. Therefore, autoantibodies to the thyroid and the thyroid function should be assessed in patients undergoing alpha-interferon therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Expression and assembly of Torpedo californica (Na,K)ATPase alpha-subunit truncated at N-terminal end in Xenopus oocytes.

cDNAs for mutant alpha-subunits of Torpedo californica (Na,K)ATPase variously truncated at the N-terminal end were constructed and transcribed in vitro. Each of the mRNAs thus synthesized was co-injected into Xenopus oocytes together with mRNA for wild-type beta-subunit. Truncation of the alpha-subunit at trypsin accessible site T2(removal of the N-terminal 36 residues, alpha delta K37) led to a decrease in ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity and ouabain-binding capacity, leaving the amount of immunoprecipitable alpha-subunit unchanged. The Km values for Na+ and K+ of alpha delta K37 were about 10mM and 2mM, respectively, and fall in the same range for the wild-type ATPase. Truncation of the alpha-subunit leaving lysine-54(alpha delta K54) or alanine-79(alpha delta A79) resulted in the loss of the ATPase activity as well as a substantial decrease in the amount of immunoprecipitable alpha-subunit. Since the beta-subunit assembles with and thereby stabilizes the alpha-subunit, which is otherwise degraded rapidly, these results suggest that the segment of the alpha-subunit between lysine-37 and lysine-54 is involved in the assembly with the beta-subunit leading to the formation of the stable and active alpha beta complex.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effect of pamidronate in a rat hypercalcemia model induced by cholecalciferol.

Pamidronate (disodium 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate pentahydrate, CGP 23339A, CAS 57248-88-1) has been show to provide a potent antihypercalcemic effect through the inhibition of calcium release from the bone. The time course study on the antihypercalcemic effect of pamidronate was performed using a rat hypercalcemia model induced by orally administered cholecalciferol. The onset of the antihypercalcemic effect was observed within 48 h after a single i.v. injection of pamidronate at 1 mg/kg and this effect was sustained for 19 days. The time course of the antihypercalcemic effect of pamidronate in combination with calcitonin was also examined in the same model. The onset of the antihypercalcemic effect was observed within 4 h after combination therapy with a single i.v. injection of pamidronate at 1 mg/kg and successive i.m. injections of calcitonin at 3.2 IU/kg and the effect was of sufficient duration. These results suggest that pamidronate has a pronounced effect in controlling hypercalcemia and provides a long-lasting effect by a single i.v. administration. Moreover, the use of pamidronate in combination with calcitonin may be useful when a quicker onset of action is required clinically.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma suspected of right adrenal tumor: a case report].

We report a rare case of extrahepatic growing hepatocellular carcinoma which was clinically diagnosed as right adrenal tumor. A 61-year-old woman was admitted for further examination of right flank pain and hypertension. Abdominal computed tomographic scan and echogram revealed a suprarenal mass. Hypercatecholaminemia was suspected from urinary analysis. Preoperative diagnosis was right adrenal tumor; suspected pheochromocytoma. On operation, we found the tumor was pedunculated from right lobe of liver and compressing normal right adrenal gland. Its clinical diagnosis was hepatocellular carcinoma. Ten months after operation she is still alive. We discuss the difficulty of differential diagnosis between extrahepatic growing hepatocellular carcinoma and adrenal tumor.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1992

[A case of asymptomatic Dandy-Walker syndrome with cerebellar hemorrhage].

A case of asymptomatic Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS) complicated by cerebellar hemorrhage is reported. A 65 year-old man was hospitalized for investigation and treatment of disturbance of consciousness. CT scan and MRI showed a large hematoma in the posterior fossa cyst. Postoperative CT scan and MRI revealed the DWS and cerebellar hemorrhage on the left side. This patient had no symptom until 65 years of age, in spite of having DWS. There has been no such case reported in the literature to our knowledge. Derangement of secretion and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid seem to have been the cause of late-onset symptoms after a long well balanced symptom-free period.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Pharmacological profile of the new antidepressant levoprotiline.

The pharmacological properties of a new antidepressant, levoprotiline ((-)-R-a-[(methylamino)methyl]-9,10-ethanoanthracene-9(10H)- ethanol hydrochloride, CGP 12103 A, CAS 76496-69-0) were investigated. 1. Central nervous system: Levoprotiline did not have any marked effects on the general behaviour of mice and rats at low doses, however it slightly suppressed the righting reflex and spontaneous motor activity of mice at higher doses. In rats, chewing behaviour and salivation were observed at higher doses. Levoprotiline had no effects on the traction test (mice) and inclined screen test (rats). Levoprotiline induced a slight drowsy EEG pattern, the effect being similar to that of typical antidepressants such as maprotiline or imipramine but the degree of potency of levoprotiline was less than that of the latter two drugs. Levoprotiline and maprotiline did not inhibit the arousal response induced by physostigmine, while imipramine clearly suppressed the response. 2. Respiratory and cardiovascular system: Heart rate decrease and QT prolongation were observed in anesthetized dogs. In an in vitro study, levoprotiline caused only slight stimulation of noradrenaline transmission in the isolated guinea pig atrium. 3. Smooth muscle: The effects of levoprotiline on the contractile response to histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin in the isolated guinea pig ileum were compared with those of maprotiline or imipramine. While levoprotiline potently inhibited the contractile response to histamine, its inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contraction was the weakest of the three compounds studied. No remarkable effect was observed in serotonin induced contractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Changes in retinal blood flow volume in experimental retinal vein compression].

The authors quantitated the retinal blood flow volume during and immediately after experimental compression of the temporal retinal vein in 5 Macaca fuscata monkey eyes. The hydrogen clearance method was used to quantitate the retinal blood flow volume. After placing a microelectrode on the retinal surface, we measured the blood flow volume 4 times at a 15-minute interval. This value served as a baseline for the experiments. Next we compressed the temporal retinal vein near the disc with a 25-gauge needle with a rounded tip under guidance by an indirect ophthalmoscope. We measured the blood flow volume during compression. The compression was maintained for 3 minutes. Further blood flow determination was performed 7 minutes after release of compression and was repeated 4 times at a 15-minute interval. During compression of the temporal retinal vein, the retinal blood flow volume in the area served by the vein decreased by an average of 35%. The flow volume recovered rapidly and remained stable after release of compression. There was no reactive hyperemia. This model appears useful to elucidate the retinal circulation of branch retinal vein occlusion.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Breast preserving operation for early breast cancer--clinical implications and biological aspects of residual tumor].

Among the 93 surgical specimens of stage I breast cancer treated by breast preserving operation, surgical margins were less than 10mm in 23 (25%) cases because of intraductal spread. Such tumors with extensive intraductal component, however, were frequently positive for estrogen receptor (ER). Possible risk factors for local failure have been studied in an attempt to exclude high-risk patients not suitable for breast preserving operation. The results so far obtained suggest that biological markers such as c-erb B-2 or PS2 proteins may provide useful informations to select patients who are most likely to recur. In addition, adjuvant endocrine therapy may be recommended for the patients treated by breast preserving operation.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Chemo-thermotherapy of radiation-induced squamous cell carcinoma in anterior chest wall].

A 62-year-old woman had visited our hospital with the large and deep ulcer formation on the left anterior chest wall. A biopsy of the ulcerous lesion established the diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma which might be induced by the irradiation after mastectomy. Although a wide resection of the chest wall including left arm was performed, it was impossible to resect completely. After then, she had operations for local recurrence for three times in three years. However, cure was not obtained, and residual lesions gradually enlarged and all layers of the anterior chest wall was replaced with tumor tissues. Conventional chemotherapy using ftorafur and mitomycin C was not effective. Therefore, we tried combined therapy with intravenous administration of cisplatin (CDDP) and vindesine (VDS), and local hyperthermia using radiofrequency (RF) wave. A total number of 11 courses of this treatment modality was carried out at once a week intervals. The tumor-temperature was maintained at the range of 40-43 degrees C for 40 min in each treatment session. Chemotherapeutic agents were administered simultaneously with hyperthermia. After these treatments, the recurrent tumor was markedly reduced, and epithelization of the ulcer was recognized from the surrounding normal skin. The residual tumor was then resected completely. The operative wound was successfully closed by surrounding normal tissue mobilization. She is in good postoperative condition. We concluded that the chemo-thermotherapy is safe and promising therapeutic modality for such invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and the normal tissues are not affected. Furthermore, this approach will expand the scope of radical resection for such an uncontrollable tumor.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1992

[Blood flow in the optic nervehead following intravenous administration of calcium antagonist].

The authors quantitated the blood flow of the optic nervehead after intravenous administration of calcium antagonist. The hydrogen clearance method was used to measure the blood flow after placing an electrode sensor in the optic nervehead of 9 eyes of 5 Macaca fuscata monkeys, under general anesthesia by intravenous pentobarbital sodium. 5 micrograms/kg of nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, was rapidly injected into the femoral vein. Measurement of blood flow in the optic nervehead was started 5 minutes after injection until 90 minutes at intervals of 15 minutes. A dose of 2 micrograms/kg/min nicardipine was then administered intravenously for another 90 minutes. During the experiment, intraocular pressure was maintained at 15 mmHg under continuous monitoring of systemic blood pressure. The blood flow in the optic nervehead decreased to 83% 5 minutes after injection. It increased slowly and reached the initial value 50 minutes later. It reached 108% of the initial value 80 minutes after injection. During the additional infusion of nicardipine, the blood flow decreased slowly and reached 85% of the initial value. It is concluded that the blood flow in the optic nervehead changed depending on the method, quantity and duration after injection of intravenous calcium antagonist. The blood flow decreased immediately after administration. The main cause of this phenomenon was thought to be due to decrease of perfusion pressure secondary to decrease of systemic blood pressure.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[A clinical study of 115 patients with testicular tumor].

One hundred and fifteen cases of testicular tumors treated at our Hospital between 1970 and 1989 were analyzed. The incidence of testicular tumors was 0.44% in the male outpatient department of our urological clinic. The age of these patients ranged from 6 months to 86 years (average: 31.7 years old) with two peaks in distribution; 0 to 5 and 21 to 45 years. Most of their chief complaints (77%) were painless swelling of scrotal contents. Location of the tumors included 56 in the right, 57 in the left and 2 on both sides. Histologically, there were 68 cases of seminoma, 10 cases each of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma, 22 cases of mixed type, 3 cases of malignant lymphoma and 2 cases of others. Stage of tumor was stage I in 69 cases, IIA in 25 cases, IIB in 8 cases and III in 13 cases. High orchiectomy was performed on all the patients. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection were respectively done in 77, 42 and 16 cases. Seventeen patients died, and the 5-year survival rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 87.9% in seminoma and 68.9% in non-seminoma. The survival rate for the patients treated by chemotherapy including CDDP after 1983 was compared to those treated by other therapy before 1982. Between the two groups there was no significant difference.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical analysis of 46 cases of radiation cystitis].

We experienced 46 cases of radiation cystitis between 1973 and 1990, 10 of which showed intractable bleeding and 17 recurrent bleeding. We clinically analyzed these cases to determine the factors responsible for intractable and recurrent bleeding. Intractable bleeding was suggested to related to the aggravation of the local condition of the urinary tract and recurrent bleeding with an increase of complications, especially diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In conclusion, long-term follow up of local conditions and complications is important in the prevention of intractable and recurrent bleeding of radiation cystitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on tosufloxacin (TFLX) in urology].

We clinically evaluated the usefulness of a new oral antimicrobial agent, TFLX, in the field of urology. The dose administered was 150 mg t.i.d and the duration of administration was 3 days. The clinical effect was evaluated according to the criteria of the Japanese UTI committee. The clinical response obtained on 164 female patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 118, moderate in 44 and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 98.78%. The clinical response obtained on 4 male patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on 3 female patients with simple pyelonephritis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on one patient with non-gonococcal urethritis was excellent by doctor's evaluation. The clinical response obtained on 7 patients with complicated UTI was excellent in 3 and moderate in 4 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. Three patients complained of stomach distress or malaise and 2 patients developed rash. No abnormal laboratory data were observed. Thus, TFLX appears to be safe and suitable for use in the field of urology.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1992

Possible contributory role of the central histaminergic system in the forced swimming model.

Forced swimming is considered to bring about a depressive or despair state in experimental animals, usually manifested as immobility. Levoprotiline (CAS 76496-68-9), a new antidepressant, clearly reduced the duration of immobility in the forced swimming model in mice. As levoprotiline does not inhibit noradrenaline or serotonin reuptake, this effect did not seem to have been brought about through central monoaminergic systems. Histamine and tele-methylhistamine levels, the main metabolite of histamine in the cerebral cortex, were found to be significantly increased in the forced swimming model. Since the only significant known effect of levoprotiline on the neurotransmitter system is its histamine H1 receptor antagonism, a possible contribution of the central histaminergic system to the forced swimming model is proposed. The action of mepyramine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist in reducing the duration of immobility seemed to support this proposition. It should be noted that antihistaminergic properties are shared by many antidepressant drugs.

Animals↗