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Biomedical subjects

S Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Noguchi.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Clinical observations on bladder cancer--difference in clinical features with age].

Three hundred and ninety-four patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who initially visited Yokohama City University Hospital were reviewed according to age group. The patients were divided into four groups, group A (less than 49 years old), group B (from 50 to 64 years old), group C (from 65 to 79 years old) and group D (more than 80 years old). The clinical characteristics as follows were obtained by statistical analysis compared with these four groups. No statistical significance was obtained about frequency of macroscopic hematuria as chief complaint. However, the younger age groups (A and B) tended to visit hospital later after the first symptom of hematuria. The older age groups (C and D) had multiple and large tumor at the first cystoscopic examination. The older age groups (C and D) had high stage and high grade tumor at the first roentgenological examination and transurethral biopsy or resection. The 5-year recurrence free rate after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) of the older age group (D group) was lower than that of the other groups. The 5-year survival rate of older age group was lower than that of the younger age group. However, no statistical significance between the age groups existed concerning high grade or high stage tumor and survival after total cystectomy. We clarified here that the clinical features of elderly patients who have bladder cancer were significantly different from those of younger patients. Otherwise the prognosis of patients who have high grade and/or high stage bladder cancer were demonstrated to be poor regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Malignant lymphoma of the prostate--a case report].

We report a case of prostatic malignant lymphoma causing bilateral hydronephrosis. A 73-year-old man was referred to our department, suffering from urinary frequency and gross hematuria. The mild elevation of serum prostatic tumor markers made us suspect prostatic carcinoma. He was admitted to our hospital and needle biopsy of the prostate was performed. Unexpectedly histological findings revealed "malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell type". CT scan showed bilateral hydronephrosis, and renal function was decreased. As the patient suddenly vomited blood, gastric fiberscopy and biopsy was performed. Histological diagnosis of stomach was the same as for the prostate. After systemic chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) regimen, renal function improved and the tumor of stomach reduced, but his respiratory condition rapidly worsened, and he died about 1 month after chemotherapy. Malignant lymphoma involving the prostate is very rare. Especially in Japan only 19 cases have been reported including our case. Four of the 19 men were in their twenties and so we remind the urologists of the possibility of "malignant lymphoma of the prostate" in young patients with dysuria or frequency.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Clinical significance of serum HBVDNA detected by the PCR method.

Changes in serum HBVDNA and their relationship to the prognosis following interferon (IFN) therapy were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 4 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection undergoing IFN therapy. The disappearance of HBVDNA was confirmed by the PCR methods in 3 out of 4 patients who showed favorable subsequent courses. The remaining patient was positive for HBVDNA despite the disappearance of the HBe antigen. In this patient, the hepatitis recurred, and was accompanied by a persistent hepatic disorder. The PCR assay was also carried out to clarify the involvement of the hepatitis B virus in 12 patients who were positive for the HBe antibody and who showed fluctuating transaminase levels. The PCR method revealed that all 12 patients were positive for HBVDNA. These findings indicate the clinical usefulness of the PCR assay for hepatitis B virus infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Clonal analysis of human breast cancer by means of the polymerase chain reaction.

Clonality of human breast cancer was analyzed in small DNA samples prepared from cryostat sections, by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The method used for clonal analysis was based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of X-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerokinase (PGK) gene and on the differential methylation of the PGK gene due to random inactivation of one of two X-chromosomes by methylation in females. All the 20 breast cancer samples analyzed by the PCR-based method were monoclonal in origin and adjacent normal breast tissues were polyclonal. When DNA samples were prepared from widely separated sites of cancers, every sample was found to be monoclonal, always exhibiting inactivation of the same X-chromosome in each tumor. The study on sensitivity showed that the PCR-based method for clonal analysis can detect the presence of monoclonal cells against a polyclonal background when the monoclonal cell population is 50% or more. These results demonstrate that clonal analysis by means of PCR offers a good method for studying the clonality in small DNA samples prepared from cryostat sections of tumors. This method could be applied to distinguish between benign (polyclonal) and malignant (monoclonal) breast lesions.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Structure of the acidic N-linked carbohydrate chains of the 55-kDa glycoprotein family (PZP3) from porcine zona pellucida.

N-linked carbohydrate chains of the major 55-kDa family, PZP3, of porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins are composed of neutral (28%) and acidic (72%) complex-type chains. The structures of the main components of the neutral chain have been established [Noguchi, S., Hatanaka, Y., Tobita, T. & Nakano, M. (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 204, 1089-1100]. Here we report the structures of the acidic chains. Only two kinds of acidic fragments were released from PZP3 by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion following beta-elimination of O-linked chains. 500-MHz one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed their structures to be Sia alpha(2-3)Gal beta(1-4) [HSO3-6]GlcNAc beta(1-3)Gal and HSO3-6GlcNAc beta(1-3)Gal, showing that the sulfate-containing acidic chains are constructed with non-branched N-acetyllactosamine repeats which have sialic acid(s) at the non-reducing end(s) and sulfate at the C-6 position of GlcNAc residues. The acidic N-linked chains obtained from PZP3 by hydrazinolysis were separated into diantennary chains (34%) and tri- and tetra-antennary chains (66%) by concanavalin-A--agarose gel chromatography. The diantennary chains and their sialidase digests were fractionated by DEAE-HPLC. From the analyses of the endo-beta-galactosidase digests of each fraction, structures of the diantennary acidic chains were determined. They are classified into four groups. The first group is the sialylated chains without the sulfated N-acetyllactosamine repeating unit. The other three groups have the chains of various lengths differing in the number of monosulfated N-acetyllactosamine unit. These chains are extended from the Man alpha(1-3) branch of the trimannosyl core in the second group, from the Man alpha(1-6) branch in the third group, and from both branches in the fourth group. The structural features of the tri- and tetra-antennary acidic chains are also presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Structural analysis of the N-linked carbohydrate chains of the 55-kDa glycoprotein family (PZP3) from porcine zona pellucida.

The N-linked oligosaccharides, released by hydrazinolysis from the major 55-kDa family, PZP3, of porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins, were separated into neutral (28%) and acidic (72%) carbohydrate chains by anion-exchange HPLC. By competition assay, it was shown that the mixture of neutral chains has the sperm-receptor activity, while that of the acidic chains has no activity. Their carbohydrate structures were analyzed after the reducing ends were modified with 2-aminopyridine. The neutral chains were fractionated into several components by reverse-phase and normal-phase HPLC. By sequential glycosidase digestion and 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, the structures of three major components were determined. The structures of some of the minor components were analyzed only by sequential glycosidase digestion. By these analyses, it was found that a diantennary complex-type structure with a fucose residue was predominant in the neutral chains. Furthermore, the analyses of the endo-beta-galactosidase digests of the acidic chains revealed that the partially sulfated and sialylated N-acetyllactosamines are linked to the non-reducing ends of diantennary, triantennary, and tetra-antennary complex-type neutral chains, forming heterogeneous acidic chains.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of extracellular phosphatidylinositol on c-myc gene-expressed human renal cancer cell line.

Effect of exogenously added soybean phosphatidylinositol on c-myc gene expressed and unexpressed human cancer cell lines was investigated. When phosphatidylinositol liposomes were introduced into culture media, viability of c-myc unexpressed cells was reduced, while that of c-myc expressed cells was not. Death of c-myc unexpressed cells by phosphatidylinositol liposomes was found to be caused by abnormally accumulated intracellular Ca2+, and it seemed to be related to reduction of protein kinase C activity.

Calcium↗
PubMed1992

Assembly of a hybrid from the alpha subunit of Na+/K(+)-ATPase and the beta subunit of H+/K(+)-ATPase.

Messenger RNA for the alpha subunit of Torpedo californica Na+/K(+)-ATPase was injected into Xenopus oocytes together with that of the beta subunit of rabbit H+/K(+)-ATPase. The Na+/K(+)-ATPase alpha subunit was assembled in the microsomal membranes with the H+/K(+)-ATPase beta subunit, and became resistant to trypsin. These results suggest that the H+/K(+)-ATPase beta subunit facilitates the stable assembly of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase alpha subunit in microsomes.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1992

The role of transcription and messenger RNA stability in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression in regenerating mouse liver.

The influence of partial hepatectomy on epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression was studied in mouse liver. Epidermal growth factor receptor binding and epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA levels in the liver showed a rapid peak 8 hr after partial hepatectomy, whereas the sham operation had no effects on these levels. The peak epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA level was approximately threefold higher than preoperative values. The increase in epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA levels occurred primarily as a consequence of an increase in the rate of transcription. Partial hepatectomy slightly increased the half-life of epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA in the liver from 2.8 to 3.6 hr. Treatment of partially hepatectomized mice with cycloheximide increased hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA levels about fivefold by prolonging the half-life of the messenger RNA to 11.2 hr, although this treatment inhibited the increase in transcription induced by partial hepatectomy. Cycloheximide also increased epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA levels in the liver or kidney of sham-operated mice about threefold, primarily through stabilizing epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA. In contrast, cycloheximide had no effects on beta-actin messenger RNA levels in the liver and kidney. These results suggest that transcription induced by partial hepatectomy requires protein synthesis and that labile proteins are involved in the regulation of the stability of epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

Use of methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin in combination with radiation and hyperthermia as neo-adjuvant therapy for bladder cancer.

In an attempt to improve the poor prognosis of invasive and/or high-grade bladder cancer after total cystectomy, we tried a combination of regional irradiation with hyperthermia (RH) therapy and systemic M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin) chemotherapy followed by surgery. The short-term results of these treatments were evaluated. A total of 17 patients received the combination of RH and M-VAC therapy between January 1989 and July 1990, and 12 then underwent total cystectomy. Of the 17 patients, 14 were evaluable for tumor response. The objective response rate was 64% (9/14), with 4 patients achieving a complete remission that was confirmed by histological examination. Nausea and vomiting were inevitable, and 71% (12/17) of the patients developed leukopenia. However, these side effects were not serious. Considering the previous results obtained using RH therapy in the absence of chemotherapy for this disease, no significant difference in the tumor response was detected between the RH only group and the RH plus M-VAC group. The long-term results cannot yet be evaluated, but we will continue to follow these patients in the future so as to clarify the usefulness of M-VAC therapy as preoperative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The suppression of olfactory bulbectomy-induced muricide by antidepressants and antihistamines via histamine H1 receptor blocking.

The effects of antidepressants [(+)-oxaprotiline, (-)-oxaprotiline, imipramine, maprotiline, and trazodone] and antihistamines (mepyramine, dimethindene, ketotifen, methapyrilene, and antazoline) on muricidal behaviour in olfactory bulbectomized rats were investigated. All drugs except for dimethindene, which only minimally passes across the blood-brain barrier, suppressed muricide. The drugs which have high affinity for histamine H1 receptor showed potent suppressive effect on muricide. It is suggested that the central histaminergic system is involved via H1 receptors in the expression of muricide in olfactory bulbectomized rats.

Aggression↗
PubMed1992

Surgical treatment for chest wall recurrence of breast cancer.

From 1977 to 1987, 23 patients with isolated chest wall recurrence, excluding sternal metastasis, from breast cancer underwent full thickness chest wall resection. The 5-year survival rate after chest wall resection was 48% but the 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 26%. Mediastinal metastasis was proved histologically at the time of chest wall resection in 7 patients, and survival period with mediastinal involvement was significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter than that with no mediastinal involvement (n = 16). In 17 patients with a long disease-free interval (DFI greater than or equal to 24 months), survival was longer than in 6 patients with a short DFI (less than 24 months). For the selected patients without mediastinal involvement and long DFI, surgical treatment for chest wall recurrence of breast cancer should play a significant role in improving the quality of life, and even in prolonging the survival rate.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Early and delayed imaging of Tc-99m HMPAO versus Tl-201 in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Similar uptake but different retention.

The authors performed both Tc-99m HMPAO and Tl-201 scintigraphy in 30 patients with thyroid tumors (21 papillary adenocarcinoma, three solid follicular adenoma, six adenomatous goiter with cystic degeneration). Increased accumulation of both Tc-99m HMPAO and Tl-201 was seen in 14 patients with papillary adenocarcinoma and three with solid follicular adenoma, whereas two patients with papillar adenocarcinoma had low accumulation of both tracers. Of the six patients with adenomatous goiter with cystic degeneration, four had low accumulation of both Tc-99m HMPAO and Tl-201, and one patient had low accumulation of Tc-99m HMPAO only. Iso accumulation (same accumulation as the normal thyroid) of Tc-99m HMPAO was seen in five patients with papillary adenocarcinoma and one with adenomatous goiter. The distribution of Tc-99m HMPAO in the thyroid tumors and normal thyroid tissue was independent of time from 2 to 120 minutes after injection. The results of dynamic studies using Tc-99m HMPAO suggested that the accumulation of Tc-99m HMPAO in thyroid tumors reflected mainly tumor blood flow. The resultant Tc-99m HMPAO images were essentially similar to the Tl-201 images obtained 10 minutes after injection. Tc-99m HMPAO imaging can be a suitable substitute for Tl-201 imaging, and it may possibly be used to estimate tumor blood flow in patients with thyroid tumors.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1992

Localized primary amyloid tumor of the thyroid developing in the course of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

A case of localized primary amyloid tumor of the thyroid gland developing in the course of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was studied using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The patient was diagnosed as having Hashimoto's thyroiditis by histological examination of the thyroid and by the presence of a high titer of serum thyroglobulin and thyroid microsomal antibodies. In addition, the thyroid gland exhibited multiple nodular deposits of amyloid which were resistant to prior incubation with potassium permanganate. The amyloid deposits were surrounded by numerous histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells which contained small amyloid droplets in their cytoplasm. However, no amyloid deposits were observed in the walls of blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry showed that the amyloid was strongly positive for amyloid P component, IgG and kappa light chains. Ultrastructurally, the amyloid was composed of straight fibrils with a diameter of 7 to 10 nm. Histiocytes extended slender cytoplasmic processes in a radial fashion into amyloid fibrils, which exhibited a highly organized star-like pattern. This was considered to be an extremely rare case of localized primary amyloidosis of the thyroid, in which IgG, especially kappa light chains (AL), was present as a precursor protein.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistological study of nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma. Report of a case.

The histological and immunohistological features of a non-functional parathyroid carcinoma obtained from a 56-year-old woman are reported. Macroscopically, the tumor consisted of many small hemorrhagic nodules and showed adhesion to the thyroid gland and esophageal wall. Histologically, the tumor cells resembled parathyroid chief cells, and showed an island-like or sheet-like arrangement, the former showing cystic degeneration and containing hemorrhagic fluid in the extracellular space. Tumor cells resembling water-clear cells and oxyphilic cells were also observed. Most of the tumor cells had glycogen in the cytoplasm. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells showed no staining with anti-thyroglobulin, JT-95 or anti-calcitonin antibodies. However, they were stained with antibodies against chromogranin A (Ch A) and the N-terminal portion of human parathyroid hormone (PTH (N)). The positive staining with anti-PTH (N) antibody disappeared when the antibody was absorbed with excess synthesized human PTH (N). Immunostaining for PTH (N) and Ch A was useful for differentiation of nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma from thyroid carcinoma and thymoma.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Effectiveness of 6-month intermittent administration of natural human interferon-alpha against non-A non-B chronic hepatitis.

Interferon (IFN) was administered intermittently for 6 months to the patients with non-A non-B chronic hepatitis (CHNANB), and the effectiveness of the treatment for improving the hepatic function was evaluated. Of 26 patients with CHNANB, 16 received intermittent IFN therapy (IFN group), and 10 were treated by conventional therapies without IFN (non-IFN group). All patients were observed for 1 year. IFN was administered once a day at 3 MU in principle (1 MU in some patients and 6 MU in 1 patient) daily for 1 week immediately after the beginning of the therapy and 3 times a week for the subsequent 6 months at the outpatient clinic. The patients were followed up for at least 6 months after completion of the treatment. In the IFN group, the serum GPT level normalized in 11 (68.8%) of the 16 patients 1 year after the beginning of the treatment. In these 11 patients (normalized group), HCV-RNA was negative or became negative in 3 of the 6 patients in whom the serum HCV-RNA could be examined. Histological grades of inflammation in the liver were also markedly alleviated in the normalized group. The hepatic function did not normalize in any of the 10 patients in the non-IFN group. These findings indicate that IFN therapy is useful for CHNANB.

Alanine Transaminase↗