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Biomedical subjects

S Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishida.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Dexamethasone suppressibility of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one) in normal men.

9 AM and overnight dexamethasone suppression tests were performed in normal adult subjects and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) levels were radioimmunoassayed. The results were as follows: 1) In the 9 AM test, plasma DHA was suppressed to the lowest level at the time between 4 hours and 6 hours after dexamethasone; 2) 2 mg (overnight test) or 3 mg (9AM test) of dexamethasone induced the maximum DHA suppression; 3) after dexamethasone administration in both the tests, plasma DHA was not suppressed below 30% of the basal level, nor below 2 ng/ml; and 4) there was no significant difference in dexamethasone suppressibility of plasma DHA between 9 AM test and overnight test.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Clostridium sporogenes isolates and their relationship to C. botulinum based on deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation.

Sixty-two isolates of Clostridium sporogenes from canned foods were examined for cultural properties, heat resistance and DNA-DNA homology to Clostridium botulinum type A190. Sporulation was observed in most of 21 umbonate and rhizoidal colony-forming strains (colony-type I strains), but not in most of the 41 strains with convex and circular or crenate colonies with a mat to semi-glossy surface (colony-type II strains). More than half of the latter strains showed much higher heat resistance than the rhizoidal colony-forming strains. The DNA isolated from colony-type II strains was 81% or more homologous to C. botulinum A190 DNA, forming duplexes which had thermostabilities similar to homologous duplexes of strain A190 DNA. Colony-type I strains differed from C. botulinum by 30 to 40% DNA homology and the DNA duplexes formed between these strains and strain A190 showed deltaT m(e) values of 7-0 degrees C when compared with the T m(e) of homologous DNA duplexes of strain A190.

Clone Cells↗
PubMed1977

Clostridium perfringens--specific lysin.

A mitomycin C induced lysate of Clostridium perfringens strain KZ219 was lytic to 50 strains of C. perfringens of types A-E, and three strains of C. plagarum. The lysin was active against only 2 out of 87 strains of 51 other clostridial species. The optimum pH of the lytic agent was 5.5. The activity was largely inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, and nearly completely inactivated by heating at 60 degrees C for 5 min.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1977

The variations of plasma corticosterone/cortisol ratios following ACTH stimulation or dexamethasone administration in normal men.

A radioimmunoassay for human plasma corticosterone has been developed. Plasma corticosterone increased 4.83 times as much as basal value at 60 min after an im injection of 0.25 mg synthetic beta1-24 ACTH (Cortrosyn) in normal subjects, whereas plasma cortisol increased 2.12 times as much at 60 min. And basal corticosterone/cortisol ratio of 0.053 +/- 0.017 increased to 0.116 +/- 0.022 (P less than 0.001) after ACTH. This might be mainly due to a larger increment of corticosterone than that of cortisol after ACTH. Corticosterone decreased to 36.7% of basal value at 4 h after 1 mg dexamethasone administration in normal subjects, whereas cortisol decreased to 13.9% of basal value at 4 h. The basal corticosterone/cortisol ratio of 0.059 +/- 0.020 increased to 0.137 +/- 0.055 (0.001 less than P less than 0.01) after dexamethasone administration. This may have been mainly due to a more effective suppression of cortisol than that of corticosterone after dexamethasone.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical effects of monocomponent insulin and commercial insulin preparations on insulin requiring diabetics (author's transl)].

Diurnal variation of blood sugar, C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR), free insulin and total insulin were measured in 10 insulin requiring diabetics after obtaining adequate control of diabetes with commercial lente insulin treatment. Following these tests, insulin treatment were changed to monocomponent insulin (MC-insulin) from commercial lente insulin treatment in all subjects and the same tests were performed at 7th day of MC-insulin treatment. Diurnal variations of blood sugar in both groups were not changed significantly. Also changes in CPR of both groups were nearly same magnitude and endogenous insulin secretion in these insulin treated diabetics were suggested except a case of juvenile diabetic subject. However personal variation were great in diabetics with high antibody titer, diurnal variations of total extractable insulin in both groups were quite comparable. And mean diurnal changes in free insulin were resemble to that of CPR. All of these data suggested that clinical effects of MC-insulin and commercial insulin treatment on insulin requiring diabetics were comparable except insulin antibody or proinsulinspecific antibody production.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Single-dose four hour dexamethasone suppression test in normal men and its application for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

As a four hour morning test, plasma cortisol levels were radioimmunoassayed before and at two and four hours after dexamethasone (0, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg or 2.0 mg) was administered at 8-9 a.m. in 20 normal subjects. The 1.0 mg four hour test was most effective in suppression of cortisol and it showed the same suppressibility as the widely used single-dose overnight test. With the 1.0 mg four hour test, 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia could be differentiated from normal and obese subjects. The four hour morning test would be more useful than the widely used overnight test from the reasons; i) it shows the same suppressibility as the overnight test, ii) it obviates the need for bothersome midnight administration of dexamethasone, iii) because it takes only one morning to perform, it can save a day, iv) and it might be applicable for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome because 4.0 mg morning test resulted in complete suppression of plasma cortisol in a tested Cushing's syndrome, whereas with even 8.0 mg, plasma cortisol was not suppressed in the overnight test in 2 such patients examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Persistent high numbers of Clostridium perfringens in the intestines of Japanese aged adults.

TSN agar was applicable for enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in fecal samples of adults but not in those of infants. It was demonstrated using TSN agar that some healthy aged adults had persistently carried C. perfringens at levels ranging from 10(7) to 10(9), while some others ranged from 10(3) to 10(6) per ml volume of fecal sample although all of these adults had the same diets. In the test for agglutinability of isolates of C. perfringens collected from two elderly adults, a younger adult and a baby, it was demonstated that most of the isolates obtained from an aged adult of high levels for 19 months belonged the same serotype, while rapid alteration of serotypes could be observed in three other persons with high or low levels. In spite of as many as 10(9) C. perfringens per ml of feces, no trace of a-toxin could be detected in the fecal samples. In in vitro tests, fecal suspension suppressed the production of a-toxin although it allowed the organism to grow sufficiently.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Urease-negative strains of Clostridium sordellii.

Twenty-seven of 37 non-toxigenic, urease-negative strains originally identified as Clostridium bifermentans that were isolated in the Antarctic are reidentified as C. sordellii by the tests for DNA-DNA homology, by the absence of mannose in the cell wall, and by growth inhibition of mannose. The test for cell wall sugar components of urease-negative and -positive strains of C. sordellii revealed that glucose, mannose, and rhamnose could not be detected in any of eight urease-negative strains used by galactose was detectable in seven of the eight strains and that glucose or galactose or both of the two sugars were present in the urease-positive strains tested.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed1976

Lecithinase-negative variants of Clostridium perfringens; the identity of C. plagarum with C. perfringens.

Identity of Clostridium plagarum (Prévot) com. nov. (1938) with C. perfringens was demonstrated in the tests for the cultural and biochemical properties, DNA-DNA homology, susceptibility to C. perfringens-specific lysin, complementary synthesis of C. perfringens theta-toxin between C. plagarum and theta-toxin-negative mutants of C. perfringens, as well as the tests for gas-chromatographic patterns.

Clostridium↗
PubMed1976

A radioimmunoassay for human plasma corticosterone.

A radioimmunoassay for human plasma corticosterone has been developed. Antiserum against corticosterone was produced in rabbits immunized with corticosterone-21-hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The antiserum cross-reacted with progesterone, DOC and dehydrocorticosterone more than 20%. After the extraction with ether, and the separation by Sephadex LH-20 microcolumn chromatography, recovery was 51.2 +/- 12.1% in 50 assays. The mean coefficient of variation between assays was 7.7% and within assays was 8.6%. Human plasma corticosterone is measured readily by assaying aliquots of an ether extract of 0.05 to 0.1 ml of plasma after microcolumn chromatography. The mean plasma corticosterone concentration at 9 a.m. was 7.1 +/- 3.2 ng/ml in 45 normal subjects. Plasma corticosterone increased 5.2 times as much as basal values after ACTH injection, whereas radioimmunoassayed cortisol increased 2.4 times. On the other hand, plasma corticosterone decreased to 22.6% of basal values at four hours after 1 mg dexamethasone, whereas radioimmunoassayed cortisol decreased to 12.3% of basal values.

Corticosterone↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the relationship between intestinal flora and cecal coccidiosis in chicken.

The bacteriological and histopathological changes in the ceca of young chickens after being infected with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella were investigated. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria showed remarkable decrease in number on the 5th day after infection, when shizont and gametocyate came to appear, and destruction of mucosa along with severe haemorrhaging was noticed. Other predominant bacteria like bacteroidaceae, catenabacteria and peptostreptococci showed only moderate and temporal decrease in number during the infection. Clostridium perfringens prolifereated after the 5th day post infection following the decline of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Proliferation of clostridia was so intense that the number was almost million times greater than that of the uninfected chicken at its peak on the 7th day after infection. Enterobacteria also showed a moderate but persistent increase in number. Most bacteria came to the normal population on the 10th day after infection. As for lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia and enterobacteria, the disturbances were still noticeable on the 17th day after injection. Antagonism between proliferated bacteria (clostridia and enterobacteria) and lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) whose intensity is suppose to be related to the cecal mucosa is suggested during cecal coccidiosis in chickens.

Actinomycetaceae↗