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Biomedical subjects

S Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Nilsson.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Rapid purification of detergent-solubilized bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography.

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the enzyme controlling the rate of adipose tissue lipolysis and also possibly involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis, has been purified from bovine omental adipose tissue. Partially detergent-solubilized, delipidated and purified HSL was obtained through step-elution at conventional DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, followed by concentration on hydroxylapatite. High performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC) on phenylsilica then resulted in an increase of HSL protein purity from 2% to more than 70%. Final purification of the enzyme to apparent homogeneity (greater than 95% protein purity), concentration and removal of most of the detergent was obtained by high performance cation exchange chromatography on Mono S. At least 0.5 mg of highly stable HSL was obtained from 5 kg of bovine omental fat within four working days. The purified lipase had a lower specific activity than previously reported for the corresponding rat enzyme but the preparations have proved very useful for enzyme structure studies and as an antigen.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of an H type 2 and a Y (Le(y)) glycoside from thioglycoside intermediates.

The trisaccharide 2-(p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)ethyl 2-acetamido-2- deoxy-4-O-[2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-beta-D- glucopyranoside 1 and the tetrasaccharide 2-(p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)ethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(alpha-L- fucopyranosyl)-4-O-[2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]- beta-D-glucopyranoside 2 were synthesized. Thioglycosides, suitably protected, activated directly with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate or dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate or activated after bromine treatment with halophilic reagents, were used as glycosyl donors in the construction of the glycosidic linkages.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1989

Testing and evaluation of a Hybrid III load sensing face.

To detect localized facial forces in laboratory car crash conditions, a load sensing face (LSF) was developed. Piezoelectric sensors provide pressure time histories. Design properties and characteristics of the LSF are described, as well as the sensor technique used. Sled tests with a LSF equipped dummy are presented. The purpose was to evaluate the efficiency of the method in registering facial impact magnitude and location with different restraint and seat position combinations. The LSF was also used in drop testing of steering wheels. Various impact velocities and impact points as well as the reapeatability were studied.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

N-terminal galanin-(1-16) fragment is an agonist at the hippocampal galanin receptor.

The galanin N-terminal fragment [galanin-(1-16)] has been prepared by solid-phase synthesis and by enzymic cleavage of galanin by endoproteinase Asp-N. This peptide fragment displaced 125I-labeled galanin in receptor autoradiography experiments on rat forebrain and spinal cord and in equilibrium binding experiments from high-affinity binding sites in the ventral hippocampus with an IC50 of approximately 3 nM. In tissue slices of the same brain area, galanin-(1-16), similarly to galanin, inhibited the muscarinic agonist-stimulated breakdown of inositol phospholipids. Upon intracerebroventricular administration, galanin-(1-16) (10 micrograms/15 microliters) also inhibited the scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.)-evoked release of acetylcholine, as studied in vivo by microdialysis. Substitution of [L-Trp2] for [D-Trp2] resulted in a 500-fold loss in affinity as compared with galanin-(1-16). It is concluded that, in the ventral hippocampus, the N-terminal galanin fragment [galanin-(1-16)] is recognized by the galanin receptors controlling acetylcholine release and muscarinic agonist-stimulated inositol phospholipid breakdown as a high-affinity agonist and that amino acid residue [Trp2] plays an important role in the receptor-ligand interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence in blood is increased in cancer.

The production of oxygen-derived cytotoxic metabolites by phagocytic cells is probably important in cancer cell killing. This production can be measured by chemiluminescence (CL). In the present report the authors have measured luminol and lucigenin-enhanced CL in whole blood from 63 untreated patients with cancer. In particular, the lucigenin-enhanced CL was increased in patients with cancer (P less than 0.001). No relation to origin or spread of the cancer was obvious. Monocyte number in peripheral blood was also significantly (P less than 0.01) increased as compared with age-matched controls. Further, the lucigenin-enhanced CL of purified monocytes, but not that of purified polymorphonuclear leukocyte(s) (PMNs), correlated significantly (P = 0.002) with the activity of whole blood. The authors conclude therefore that the highly increased lucigenin-enhanced CL observed in whole blood of a patient with cancer may reflect the enhanced production and activity of circulating monocytes that is a consequence of the body's defense reactions toward the developing cancer.

Acridines↗
PubMed1989

Genital cancer among wives of men with penile cancer. A study between 1958 and 1982.

Previous studies have suggested an association between penile cancer and cervical cancer but the results have been difficult to interpret. The current study includes 1064 cases of penile cancer reported to the National Swedish Cancer Registry between 1958 and 1980. One matched control for each living case was chosen randomly from the Swedish Population Registry, and for cases who had died, from the National Death Registry. Details about the men, their marriages and each wife or wives were obtained from the population registry in the parish in which the men lived or had died. The personal identification number and name of each wife or wives were matched against the cancer registry. All genital cancers, including 15 cervical cancers, were distributed equally among the wives of the cases and those of the controls. The expected rate of cancers among the population of wives of cases was also calculated and there was no difference between the observed and the expected number of women with cancer. The results did not show an association between penile cancer in men and cervical cancer in their sexual partners.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of lung tumors: description of a convenient technique for use with fine needle biopsy.

In this paper we describe a convenient procedure for use with fine-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of lung and medistinal tumors. Cells obtained from a fine-needle aspiration are suspended in a formaldehyde solution and allowed to sediment onto a polycarbonate filter, using a filtering device specially designed for this purpose. The filter with the aspirated cells is then embedded in paraffin and thereafter sectioned and stained in a routine manner. The main advantages with this technique, instead of cytology, are: 1. the cells are kept mainly intact, mostly in undisrupted clusters, and this increases the possibility of obtaining a specific diagnosis, a prerequisite for the diversified clinical management of malignant tumors: 2. possibilities exist, when necessary, of further immunohistochemical characterization of tumor cells in order to obtain a specific diagnosis without thoractomy. This could be of major importance when the management of certain tumors and infiltrates (i.e. those preferably treated by radio- and chemotherapy) does not require surgical intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Flow dynamics of the crocodilian heart.

We report for the first time the flow events corresponding to the pressure patterns in the left and right aorta (LAo and RAo) during the cardiac cycle in the caiman (Caiman crocodylus ssp). These experiments show a complex LAo flow pattern; an initial small anterograde flow in the early systole is reversed to a backflow at midsystole. At the end of systole there is again a small anterograde flow. This second flow pulse corresponds to a pressure peak ("foramen spike") in the LAo pressure trace. The observed pattern is compatible with the view that the foramen Panizzae is obstructed by the medial cusp of the RAo valve during part of the systole. LAo pressure remains normally above right ventricular pressure throughout the cardiac cycle and there is thus no contribution to LAo flow from the right ventricle. The net flow in the LAo normally equals the flow through the foramen Panizzae and is very small compared with the systemic flow in the RAo.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1989

Ethylene oxide doses in ethene-exposed fruit store workers.

Blood samples from 10 ethene-exposed fruit store workers and 10 referents were analyzed for the level of hydroxyethyl adducts to N-terminal valine in hemoglobin (Hb). A statistically significant difference was obtained between the nonsmoking workers (N = 7) and the nonsmoking referents (N = 6). This finding demonstrates that ethene is metabolized to ethylene oxide in man. According to this preliminary study, ethene exposure at 0.3 (uncertainty range 0.1-1) ppm during work hours increases the adduct level by 23 pmol/g Hb. This figure is compatible with a metabolic conversion of 3% (1-10%) of the inhaled ethene to ethylene oxide.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.

The cardiovascular responses to hypoxia (oxygen tension in inspired water, PiO2 = 30-40 mmHg) was investigated in the cod before and after bilateral sectioning of the glossopharyngeal (IX) and the pretrematic ramus of the vagus (X) innervating the first pair of gill arches. The study demonstrates in the cod two distinct mechanisms of responses to environmental hypoxia. The first mechanism involves oxygen receptors located in the areas of the gills innervated by the nerves sectioned in the experiments. Hypoxic stimulation of these receptors produced slowly (approximately 6 min) developing bradycardia, and despite a 30%-50% decrease in heart rate, cardiac output remained virtually constant due to a concomitant increase in cardiac stroke volume. The second mechanism involves oxygen receptors located elsewhere, and these receptors trigger a rapidly (within approximately 2 min) developing increase in both ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressure, caused by an increase in the systemic vascular resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hormone-sensitive lipase: sequence, expression, and chromosomal localization to 19 cent-q13.3.

Hormone-sensitive lipase, a key enzyme in fatty acid mobilization, overall energy homeostasis, and possibly steroidogenesis, is acutely controlled through reversible phosphorylation by catecholamines and insulin. The 757-amino acid sequence predicted from a cloned rat adipocyte complementary DNA showed no homology with any other known lipase or protein. The activity-controlling phosphorylation site was localized to Ser563 in a markedly hydrophilic domain, and a lipid-binding consensus site was tentatively identified. One or several messenger RNA species (3.3, 3.5, or 3.9 kilobases) were expressed in adipose and steroidogenic tissues and heart and skeletal muscle. The human hormone-sensitive lipase gene mapped to chromosome 19 cent-q13.3.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Effects of routine one-stage ultrasound screening in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial.

4997 of 7354 pregnant women had no clinical indication for an elective ultrasound examination at 12 weeks' gestation. 2482 of these women were randomly selected for ultrasound screening at 15 weeks and the remainder received the same standard antenatal care without the scan. Labour was less often induced among screened women both for all reasons (5.9% vs 9.1%, p less than 0.0001) and for suspected post-term pregnancy (1.7% vs 3.7%, p less than 0.0001). Earlier detection of twins had no effect on neonatal outcome. Among babies born to screened women, fewer were of birthweight less than 2500 g (59 vs 95, p = 0.005) and mean birthweight was 42 g higher (p 0.008). For babies born to screened women who smoked it was 75 g higher (p 0.012) and for those of non-smokers 26 g (not significant). The reason for the differences in mean birthweight could be that screened women reduced smoking in response to watching their fetus on the scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Expression of an estramustine-binding associated protein in human lung cancer cell lines.

Estramustine-binding protein has previously been demonstrated in normal rat prostatic tissue, in normal human prostate epithelium, and in prostatic carcinomas. It binds specifically estramustine and estromustine, the cytotoxic metabolites of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt), a drug which is used in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. In this study we have examined the presence of an estramustine-binding associated protein in a panel of human cell lines, representing the major histopathological types of lung cancer. A mouse (murine) monoclonal antiserum developed against rat estramustine-binding protein was used for immunohistochemical detection. Fast protein liquid chromatography was used for biochemical characterization. As judged from the immunohistochemical investigation, estramustine-binding protein was present in large amounts in five of six non-small cell carcinoma cell lines, while seven of eight small cell carcinoma cell lines were essentially negative. Fast protein liquid chromatography analyses of lysated cells from the lung cancer cell lines, incubated with [3H]estromustine, concurred with the results from the immunohistochemical stainings. These data strongly indicate a convincing connection between the immunoreactivity and ligand-binding properties of estramustine-binding protein in the cell lines examined. The presence of an estramustine-binding associated protein in human lung cancer cell lines has implications for further investigations into the biological relevance and the potential for eventual therapeutic applications.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Development of femoral atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic patients during treatment with cholestyramine and probucol/placebo: Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST): a status report.

The Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial is being performed to investigate the effects of probucol on atherosclerosis in the femoral artery. Probucol is combined with cholestyramine and dietary management in hypercholesterolemic patients, and the effects of atheroma developing in the femoral artery will be followed by a quantitative angiographic technique. A randomly selected control group is also being managed by dietary therapy and cholestyramine, but receives placebo instead of probucol. The treatment time in this double-blind trial is 3 years, and femoral angiography is performed yearly. Detailed lipoprotein and apolipoprotein analysis are performed at monthly intervals. The basic study design is described here, and some results from the open prerandomization phase of the study are presented.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1988

Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial: new angiographic technique to measure atheroma volume of the femoral artery.

The Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial is studying the development of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic patients through the use of digitized femoral arteriographic examinations. In a 20-cm segment of the femoral artery, cross-sectional areas are calculated using an algorithm that was introduced by Hilal and Crawford. Changes in atheroma volume are measured in repeat arteriographic examinations. This report describes the radiologic technique, the scanning procedure and the image analysis.

Arteriosclerosis↗