Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Nemoto.
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Fundamental and clinical efficacy evaluation has been made in the study on the therapy with intravenous drip infusion of tobramycin (TOB) which is one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics and which has been recently approved of intravenous administration. The fundamental evaluations were made with intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg of TOB for 1 hour and that of 120 mg of TOB for 2 hours to 4 healthy adult volunteers on crossover method. Follow-up determinations were made for comparison on its concentrations in blood and urine samples which were collected both at intervals thereafter, using 2 assay methods of the bioassay and the EMIT methods. The maximum blood level of TOB based on the intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg for 1 hour was 5.9 micrograms/ml and 4.6 micrograms/ml by the bioassay and the EMIT methods at the end of intravenous drip infusion, respectively, and 0.3 micrograms/ml and 0.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 6 hours after the drip infusion. The T 1/2 value was 1.81 hours with bioassay and 2.41 hours with the EMIT method. The maximum blood level of TOB through drip infusion method of 120 mg of TOB for 2 hours was 7.5 micrograms/ml by bioassay and 5.8 micrograms/ml by EMIT method. The T 1/2 value was 1.87 hours and 1.99 hours, respectively. The recovery rate of TOB from urine until 24 hours after the administration was 83.0% and 94.4% with the doses of 60 mg and 120 mg, respectively, which were determined only with the bioassay. The correlation coefficient between the agar well method and the EMIT method was 0.963 and 0.972 in the groups of intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg for 1 hour and 120 mg for 2 hours, respectively, showing proximity to each other. TOB was kept administered with a daily dose of 120 mg at a time to 11 cases and at 2 times to 1 case with chronic complicated infections of urinary tracts (comprising 9 cases with chronic complicated cystitis, 2 with chronic complicated pyelonephritis, and 1 with acute epididymitis). Of the 12 patients, 8 could meet the criteria for evaluation of drug efficacy and 6 of them proved to be effective, while 2 were ineffective. The efficacy rate was so high as 75%. The rate of disappearance of bacteria was 80.0%, which was very high. No side effect was specifically found out, except 1 case showing slight rise in S-GOT.
The results of the operative aspects of open renal biopsy performed by urologic residents at our University Hospital during the 18 months from July 1982 to December 1983 were analyzed. Open renal biopsy was performed by 1st to 6th year residents for various renal diseases on 19 male and 12 female patients, i.e., 14 patients from Pediatric Department, 16 patients from Nephrologic Department and 1 patient from Urologic Department. All except for 3 operations were done under the guidance of urologic staff. The length of incisional line ranged from 3 to 7 cm (average 5.1 cm) in pediatric patients, and that of nephrologic and urologic patients ranged from 5 to 15 cm (average 8.7 cm). The average operation time was 89.2 minutes for pediatric patients, although it was 81.1 minutes when 1 patient who had concurrently operated on inguinal herniorrhaphy in addition to open renal biopsy was excluded from the analysis. The average operation time was 122.2 minutes for nephrologic and urologic patients, although it was 112.8 minutes when 1 patient who had lost a large amount of blood was excluded. The average blood loss was 28.2 ml for pediatric patients when 2 patients whose blood loss was recorded as "small quantity" was excluded, but it was 24.5 ml when 1 patient who was concurrently operated on for inguinal herniorrhaphy in addition to open renal biopsy was excluded. The average blood loss during operation was 235.1 ml in nephrologic and urologic patients, but it was 149.95 ml when 1 patient who had lost a great deal of blood (1,598 ml) was excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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An intracellular level of cGMP (but not cAMP) transiently decreased the reinitiation of oocyte maturation in the starfish, Asterias amurensis. Exogenously applied cGMP inhibited hormone-induced maturation. Methylxanthines inhibited oocyte maturation by suppressing the decrease in cGMP levels. These results suggest that a decrease in cGMP levels is a prerequisite for meiosis reinitiation of starfish oocytes.
Long-term intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with Adriamycin (ADM) was performed in cases of bladder cancer prior to total cystectomy. This report describes the effects in 13 cases evaluated more than 3 weeks after infusion of 10 mg ADM once or twice weekly. An oblique skin incision approximately 10 cm long was made in the gluteal region to expose the gluteus maximus muscle. A teflon catheter was then inserted into the gluteal artery and fixed; the distal end was brought out from under the skin in the precordial region. A similar procedure was performed on the contralateral side. The catheter was inserted through the superior and inferior gluteal arteries in five and eight cases, respectively. In the former group, partial response was obtained in two cases, minimal response in two and no response in one, so that primary tumor remission was evident in 40% of the cases. In the latter group, all cases but one attained partial response, i.e., remission was seen in 87.5% of cases treated by inferior gluteal infusion. Skin erosion of the gluteal, perineal, and anal regions and sciatica-like pain were observed in some cases; however neither myocardial effect nor bone marrow suppression, which have been reported as side-effects of ADM, were observed in any of the cases. These results suggest that this therapeutic modality could be effective in the preoperative work-up of candidates for total cystectomy, and also that it could be useful in the treatment of patients in whom total cystectomy is contraindicated.
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This is a case report of a localized amyloidosis of the ureter presented with gross hematuria. Amyloidosis of the ureter is a rare entity and 21 cases have been collected from the Japanese and English literature. It is believed to be difficult to diagnose before surgery and almost all the cases were treated by nephrectomy. After malignancy was denied, autotransplantation combined with psoas hitch procedure was carried out in order to preserve the kidney. This is the second case of ureter amyloidosis treated by autotransplantation. Amyloidosis was confirmed with Congo red stain and electronmicroscopy of which characteristics is discussed in detail.
We established a cell line ( TSUS -1) derived from a relatively well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. The cells had been subcultured 60 times during two years and five months. The average doubling time of this cell line was 38 hours. Chromosomal analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 75; seven marker chromosomes and a male karyotype were present. The cultured cells were easily transplantable into BALB/c nude mice and the histological picture of the inoculated tumor was similar to that of the original tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney is rather rare. We present a case of this condition occurring in a 50-year-old man. He was treated by partial nephrectomy and temporary hemodialysis for postoperative acute renal failure. Perusal of the literature reveals that in situ partial nephrectomy, if possible, seems to be a reasonable treatment of choice for renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney. This is the fifth case ever reported in Japan.
In recent years, aminoglycoside agents as well as beta-lactam antibiotics have been increasingly used with increased incidence of opportunistic infection caused mainly by Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, we administered micronomicin sulfate (MCR), reportedly lower in nephrotoxicity, at doses of 60 and 120 mg by intravenous drip infusion for 1 and 2 hours to healthy male volunteers and determined the blood level and the urinary recovery rate. The peak of blood level after 1 hour infusion of MCR was 7.3 micrograms/ml in the 60 mg group and 9.5 micrograms/ml in the 120 mg group. T 1/2 (beta) was 3.34 and 2.48 hours respectively. The peak of blood level after 2 hours infusion of MCR was 5.7 micrograms/ml in the 60 mg group and 8.7 micrograms/ml in the 120 mg group. T 1/2 (beta) was 3.36 and 3.71 hours respectively. In the 120 mg group, the urinary recovery rate for the first 24 hours was 53.5% after 1 hour infusion and 60.9% after 2 hours infusion. In the 60 mg group, the rate was higher, 90.1 and 98.6% respectively. It was suggested that intravenous drip infusion of 120 mg of MCR for 1 hour is comparable to intramuscular injection of the same dose. Further, safety and effectiveness of this drug were studied in 7 clinical cases of urological infection. Good results were obtained in 7 clinical cases given 60 or 120 mg of MCR by intravenous drip infusion. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in clinical cases.
Pedal lymphangiography was done on 21 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The lymphangiograms were positive in 11 cases and negative in 10. Out of 9 patients who underwent lymphadenectomy (5 with positive and 4 with negative findings), operative findings were in agreement with the lymphangiogram in 8 patients (89%). Lymphangiography should be used as the primary procedure in all cases where aggressive therapy is being considered.
During the last 66 months, 482 urinary cytologic examinations were performed on 160 inpatients suspected of having genitourinary cancer at our University Hospital. Cytologic diagnosis was done according to the Papanicolaou's classification. The cytologic findings were compared by size, shape, numbers of the tumor and the histologic findings. The positive rate (classes IV and V) was 56.7% (90 patients) in bladder cancer, 22.2% (18 patients) in prostatic cancer, 13.3% (15 patients) in renal cancer and 62.5% (8 patients) in renal pelvic or ureteral cancer. There was no false positive case for benign disease. The positive rate of cytologic examinations for stage A bladder cancer was statistically lower than that for stage B, C and D cancers. There were no statistically significant differences among the stage B, C and D groups. The positive rate in the low grade (grade I and II) bladder cancer was statistically lower than that of high grade (grade III and IV) cancer. In the small tumor less than thumbtip -sized, cytological diagnosis was positive in 40.0%, while in the large tumor larger than this size, the positive rate was 73.3%. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant. The positive rate in the non-recurrent cases of the bladder cancer was 64.5%, while that in the recurrent cancer cases was 39.3%. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant. The positive rate of urinary cytology did not correspond to the shape or number of tumors. It is desirable to perform cytology more than 3 times on the same patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)