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Biomedical subjects

S Nanda

Publications and source records attributed to S Nanda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of blood-retinal barrier integrity following transscleral diode laser treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of contact transscleral diode laser treatment and retinal cryotherapy on blood-retinal barrier integrity with the use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques with constant infusion of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). METHODS: Transscleral diode laser photocoagulation and retinal cryotherapy were used to treat equivalent areas of the inferior retinal periphery of pigmented rabbits. Magnetic resonance imaging time-course studies with measurement of signal enhancements due to Gd-DTPA leakage were conducted 2 and 15 days following treatment. RESULTS: Two days following treatment, cryotherapy-treated eyes exhibited a mean (+/- SD) effective Gd-DTPA permeability coefficient of 4.6 +/- 0.8 x 10(-6) cm/s; in comparison, diode laser-treated eyes exhibited 1.6 x 1.4 x 10(-6) cm/s effective permeability. Significant decreases in the effective permeability were also noted 15 days after treatment in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transscleral contact probe diode laser photocoagulation induces less disruption of the blood-retinal barrier than does conventional cryotherapy. In addition, the continuous infusion method of Gd-DTPA delivery is a reliable and easily interpretable alternative to the commonly used bolus injection approach.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Biochemical, neuropathological and behavioral studies in hens induced by acute exposure of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate.

A "hen model" or organophosphorus induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) has been developed using white leghorn exposed acutely to one of five dosages of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), between 300 to 700 mg/Kg. Neuropathy target esterase was studied in brain and peripheral nerve 24 and 48 hrs following exposure. Behavioral symptoms abnormality was assessed from days 1 through 20 after exposure using a 7 point rating scale and neuropathological examination was conducted on sample collected from animals on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Neuropathological abnormalities were indicated by damage scores between 0 (no damage) and 4 (gliosis of brain tissue, myelin loss, appearance of axonal foci etc and more than 55% degeneration of peripheral nerve fibres). TOCP (600 and 700 mg/Kg, orally) was able to inhibit NTE more than 75% in brain and peripheral nerves. TOCP at the same dosage was also capable of resulting maximal levels of neuropathological score at 4. After exposure to doses weight loss was observed abruptly in a greater extent at the beginning leading to a change in weight gain till the end of the experiment. Behavioral signs were also dose dependent. Symptoms (gain abnormality, ataxia, paresis) were noted on the early stage of experiment. Inhibition of NTE was 65% could not be reached in hens given TOCP without causing lethality and no significant ataxia or lesions developed in those birds. Behavioral signs were also observed to be late onset. These data indicate that more than 75% inhibition of peripheral nerve NTE after 24 hr exposure was predictive of severe behavioral abnormalities and pathology in the hen whereas less peripheral NTE inhibition was indicative of less severe behavioral abnormalities and a lower score for neuropathological damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Vesicovaginal fistulae: a 12-year study.

Repairs in 49 cases of vesicovaginal fistulae were performed during the last 12 years. Obstetric cause for vesicovaginal fistulae was noted in 81.63% cases and the most important being obstructed labour (73.46% cases). Repair was successful in 71.42% cases. Factors favourable for success were a non-obstetric fistula, small size fistula (< 10 mm) and absence of fibrosis. Repair operations were performed mainly by vaginal flap technique. The fistulous track was not excised. Polyglactin suture gave the best results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate induced neurotarget esterase inhibition in brain and peripheral nerve effectively monitored by lymphocytes.

Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate ester (TOCP: 10-100 mg/kg)--an organophosphorus compound (OP) inhibited brain, peripheral nerve and lymphocyte neurotarget esterase activities in a dose related and time-dependent manner. There was a good correlation of inhibition between brain, peripheral nerve and lymphocyte tissues taken from adult hens treated with 3 different doses of TOCP and sacrificed 24 and 48 hr after exposure. The results suggest that lymphocyte can effectively monitor OP compounds for investigating inhibition of neurotarget esterase activity in brain and peripheral nerve tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Postcaesarean wound infection: a review of risk factors.

In a prospective study of 431 cases delivered by caesarean section, wound infection developed in 54 (12.52%) cases. In 2.55% cases, infection was deep with drainage of purulent material. The factors associated with a high risk of wound infection were anaemia, multiple pelvic examinations, prolonged rupture of membranes and handling by dai. General ward cases had a significantly higher wound infection rate than the private ward cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous splenic rupture in early pregnancy.

Spontaneous rupture of a normal spleen is a rare entity. We report a case of spontaneous rupture during early pregnancy. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy was suspected preoperatively, but on exploration a splenic rupture was detected and splenectomy performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A simple method of evaluation of jaundice in the newborn.

This paper evaluates a simple tool, the icterometer, in assessing jaundice in the newborn. The instrument consists of a perspex scale with yellow stripes of increasing intensity, numbered 1-5, alternating with transparent areas through which the infant's blanched skin colour can be seen and compared with the coloured stripes. The scale was found to be useful for more objective screening of neonatal jaundice, particularly in decreasing the number of blood samples to be taken for serum bilirubin. The present study suggests that serum bilirubin estimation can be avoided when the icterometer readings on the face are 3 or less, unless there is a rapid rise in jaundice within 24-36 h. However, a reading on the sole of even 1 is significant and requires assessment by trained staff for blood sampling and/or phototherapy. The instrument may also be useful to peripheral staff in developing countries when deciding on referral to specialist centres and to staff in specialist centres for screening cases of neonatal jaundice and decreasing the number of blood samples.

Bilirubin↗