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Biomedical subjects

S Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to S Murakami.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Presence of human papillomavirus type 16 genome in bladder carcinoma in situ of a patient with mild immunodeficiency.

Using blot hybridization, we analyzed 10 bladder tumors (1 transitional cell carcinoma in situ, 1 adenocarcinoma, and 8 papillary tumors) for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. We detected HPV 16 DNA in a transitional cell carcinoma in situ, whereas no HPV DNA was found in the other bladder tumors. The patient, a 40-year-old female, who harbored HPV 16 DNA in the bladder tumor, had mild immunodeficiency and recently suffered from the bladder tumor, common warts on the right hand, Bowen's disease of the vulva, and severe dysplasia of the vaginal wall. From each of these lesions, we detected the DNA of HPV 16 or an unclassified HPV. HPV DNAs existed in nonintegrated form in all lesions examined. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a bladder tumor was shown to harbor HPV DNA. However, HPV does not seem to be regularly present in bladder tumor, because we could not detect HPV DNA from the most common bladder tumor, i.e., papillary tumor. Our demonstration of HPV 16 DNA in a transitional cell carcinoma in situ of the bladder suggests that HPV may be associated with some of the bladder tumors of this type.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Autoimmune thyroiditis induced in mice depleted of particular T cell subsets. I. Requirement of Lyt-1 dull L3T4 bright normal T cells for the induction of thyroiditis.

T cell-depleted C3H/He or (C57BL/6xC3H/He)F1 (B6C3F1) mice were prepared by adult thymectomy and injection of antithymocyte serum, followed 3 wk later by lethal x-irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution. When these T cell-depleted mice were not injected or injected i.v. with normal spleen and lymph node cells treated with either anti-Thy-1, -L3T4 or -Lyt-2 antibody plus C or C alone, none of the groups of mice developed thyroiditis. In contrast, the adoptive transfer of normal cells treated with anti-Lyt-1 plus C resulted in high incidence of the production of antithyroglobulin antibody and the induction of typical thyroiditis lesion. The thyroid was the sole organ involved, because neither typical inflammatory lesion in other organs nor autoantibody such as anti-DNA antibody was detected in mice that exhibited thyroiditis. Analyses of surface phenotypes of cells required for inducing thyroiditis by the adoptive transfer revealed that an appreciable percentage of Lyt-1 dull T cells remained after the treatment of normal lymphoid cells with anti-Lyt-1 plus C. Almost all of these Lyt-1 dull T cells expressed magnitudes of L3T4 or Lyt-2 Ag comparable to those detected on Lyt-1 bright T cells. More important, the induction of thyroiditis was almost completely prevented by either in vitro or in vivo elimination of Lyt-1 dull L3T4+(bright) but not of Lyt-1 dull Lyt-2+(bright) T cells. These results indicate that Lyt-1 dull L3T4+ T cells existing in normal healthy individuals have potential to induce typical thyroiditis which is associated with the production of antithyroglobulin autoantibody, and that the activation and/or function of this T cell subset is regulated by the Lyt-1 bright T cell population coexisting in normal lymphoid cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunologic abnormality in NZB/NZW F1 mice. Thymus-independent occurrence of B cell abnormality and requirement for T cells in the development of autoimmune disease, as evidenced by an analysis of the athymic nude individuals.

Both NZB nu/+ and NZW nu/+ mice were microbially clean by cesarean section. The (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid (NZB/W) nu/nu mice and nu/+ littermates were then generated by mating of NZB nu/+ with NZW nu/+mice under specific pathogen-free conditions. The female NZB/W F1 nu/nu mice did not develop autoimmune kidney disease, whereas all of nu/+ female littermates mice exhibited proteinuria and died of renal failure with a 50% survival time of 35 wk. Namely, nude mice had no signs of proteinuria up to the time of their death caused by other diseases rather than glomerulonephritis, and their mean survival time was greater than 45 wk. Nude mice had also no anti-ssDNA antibody in their serum. However, splenic B cells of NZB/W nude mice exhibited hyper-responsiveness to both LPS and B151-TRF2, a T cell-derived polyclonal B cell-stimulation factor, and produced large numbers of Ig-secreting cells and anti-TNP plaque-forming cells as well as anti-ssDNA antibody comparable to the nu/+ littermate mice. Interestingly, thymus-engrafted NZB/W nude mice developed autoimmune disease exemplified by the induction of anti-ssDNA antibody and proteinuria at approximately the same time as their nu/+ littermates. These results indicate that the B cell hyper-responsiveness found in NZB/W mice is apparently determined by the T cell-independent process, and T cells are obligatorily required for the development of autoimmune disease in NZB/W mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Neurotropic effects of estrogen on the neonatal preoptic area grafted into the adult rat brain.

The preoptic area (POA) or cerebral cortex taken from newborn female rats were transplanted into the third ventricle of ovariectomized adult rats. From the day of transplantation, estradiol-17 beta in a silastic capsule was implanted subcutaneously into host animals for 4 weeks. The POA or cerebral cortex transplants were examined at light- and electron-microscopic levels 4 weeks after transplantation. All of the POA or cortical grafts showed an appearance similar to normal neural tissue. Estrogen exposure for 4 weeks via the host induced a significant increase in the volume of the POA grafts. The neuronal population of the POA grafts exposed to estrogen was not significantly different from that of the POA grafts without estrogen treatment. However, the number of axodendritic shaft and spine synapses of the POA grafts exposed to estrogen was significantly greater than that of the POA grafts without estrogen treatment. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the volume of the cortical tissues transplanted into the brain between the control and estrogen-treated groups. These results suggest that estrogen has a stimulatory effect on the development of neuronal substrates in the intraventricular POA graft, increasing its volume and synaptic population.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Translocations t(15;17) and t(9;14)(q34;q22) in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with increased number of basophils.

A patient with a variant form of acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3 variant) associated with an increased number of basophils was found to present a reciprocal translocation, t(9;14)(q34;q22) in addition to t(15;17)(q22;q12). Although several cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with increased bone marrow and peripheral blood basophils have been reported, this is the first case in which both the t(9;14) and basophilia were observed in a patient with M3. Our findings support the hypothesis that 9q34 may be associated with the chromosomal location of genes regulating the production and maturation of basophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of "embryoid body" in human gonadal germ cell tumors.

The characteristics of so-called "embryoid body" appearing in gonadal germ cell tumors were studied histologically and immunohistochemically on serial sections of three cases (one ovary and two testes). The embryoid bodies were usually observed to be contiguous with immature or mature intestinal ducts, hepatic nests, or epidermal cell nests on serial sections, though they appeared to be isolated in one section. The "amniotic cavity"-like structure of embryoid body was continuous with intestinal duct, and rarely with squamous cell nests, while the "yolk sac" was continuous with hepatic tissue. In these immature or mature structures, differentiation was always found independently of "disc," and portions of "ectoderm" and "endoderm" remained less differentiated in comparison with others. These findings were in contrast with a normal embryo in which immature and/or mature structures are derived from the embryonic disc. The amniotic cavity connected frequently with yolk sac. From the present results, the embryoid body is not considered to be a real or teratomatous embryo, but only a product during a divergent differentiation into intestine and liver from the plastic epithelium, which seems to be derived from an embryonic gut.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bronchial stricture due to endobronchial tuberculosis.

From 1974 to 1986, there were 14 cases of bronchial stricture or obliteration caused by endobronchial tuberculous lesions. Nine cases had histories of tuberculosis but five were suspected of having malignant respiratory passage obstruction at the initial diagnosis. Five cases were kept under observation because of mildness of the subjective symptoms or refusal of operation. Nine cases underwent operation. As the bronchial lesions in three cases were confined to the lobar or segmental bronchus, lobectomies were done. One case with a history of infantile tuberculosis developed complete obliteration of the left main bronchus and cystic bronchiectasis in the entire lung parenchyma, so pneumonectomy was inevitable. Five cases which had strictures in the main bronchus underwent bronchoplastic surgery. The operative procedures were right sleeve upper lobectomy in four cases and left sleeve upper lobectomy in one case. All of the cases undergoing operation showed no post-operative complication or recurrence of the tuberculosis. The results of our present series of tuberculous bronchial stricture indicate the need for early detection and operation. For the cases with main bronchus involvement, bronchoplastic surgery should be selected as an alternative to pneumonectomy to preserve the pulmonary function.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Differentiation antigens of melanocytes and melanoma: analysis of melanosome and cell surface markers of human pigmented cells with monoclonal antibodies.

Three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing antigens of human melanocytic cells were used to study a large panel of cultured normal and tumor cells and fresh tissues. Two of the monoclonal antibodies (designated TA99 and CF21) detect melanosomal antigens, whereas mAbC350 recognizes a cell surface antigen. Among cultured cells the three mAbs reacted exclusively with normal melanocytes and pigmented melanomas, but not with nonpigmented melanomas or cells of other lineage. Immunohistochemical assays using mAbTA99 and mAbCF21 on fresh-frozen sections from a large panel of normal tissues revealed a characteristic pattern of reactivity restricted to pigmented cells. mAbC350 did not react with any normal tissues. All nevi and primary melanoma specimens and 93% of metastatic melanomas were reactive with at least one of these three monoclonal antibodies. No reactivity was found with 62 nonmelanoma tumors. An inverse correlation was observed between TA99 expression and stage of tumor progression. These markers are useful for studies of melanocyte differentiation and malignant transformation, subsetting of melanocytic lesions, and identification of tumors of melanocytic origin.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Alteration of gastrin-producing cells in rat antral mucosa after truncal vagotomy.

Gastrin-producing cells (G cells) were studied in the rat antral mucosa after truncal vagotomy. Significant elevation of circulating gastrin levels was observed from 12 hours after the operation and this was sustained throughout the entire experimental period. Upon light microscopic observation, G cells showing positive immunostaining for G17 were significantly increased in number at 2 days, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the operation and were a more prominent cell type than G cells containing positive reaction product for G34 throughout the entire experimental period. Ultrastructural changes occurred predominantly in G cells, which showed hypertrophy of Golgi complexes and noticeable increases in the amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum between 2 days and 3 months after the operation. During these periods, secretory granules apparently increased in number and displayed various degrees of electron density. Immature, highly electron-dense granules appearing in or near the Golgi stacks mainly showed localization of immuno-gold particles for G34, whereas mature granules with low electron-density predominantly demonstrated a positive reaction product for G17. The Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum were free of any immunoreaction for either G34 or G17.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Saccadic eye movements evoked by microstimulation of the fastigial nucleus of macaque monkeys.

1. Systematic exploration throughout the deep cerebellar nuclei and white matter disclosed that the region from which saccadic eye movements (saccades) were evoked with weak currents (less than 10 microA) was confined to the fastigial nucleus and the adjacent white matter. 2. When an electrode for stimulation was advanced in the cerebellum, saccades were evoked in the direction of the stimulated side (ipsilateral saccades) as it entered the low-threshold region. In some tracks, particularly when the electrode was advanced in the medial portion of the fastigial nucleus, the direction of the evoked saccades changed from the ipsilateral to the contralateral. 3. The mappings with microstimulation disclosed that the ipsilateral saccades were elicited from a relatively wide region that included almost the full extent of the fastigial nucleus. The low-threshold region continued in the white matter caudally into vermal lobule VII and rostrally into the dorsal aspect of the brachium conjunctivum. On the other hand, the contralateral saccades were evoked from a relatively circumscribed region in the ventromedial portion of the fastigial nucleus. 4. The reversal in the direction of the horizontal component occurred always in a narrow zone in the core of the fastigial nucleus. The caudal part of this zone coincided with an ellipsoidal region where anterogradely labeled axons of the Purkinje cells terminated when HRP was injected into vermal lobule VII. 5. When bicuculline (0.2-1 microgram) was injected in the ellipsoidal region, the ipsilateral saccades evoked from the dorsocaudal aspect of the region were suppressed for several hours. On the other hand, the contralateral saccades evoked from the ventromedial portion of the fastigial nucleus were either unchanged or enhanced. 6. Because the ipsilateral saccades were suppressed by bicuculline, they were most probably evoked by stimulation of the presynaptic component of gamma-amino-butyric acid-(GABA) mediated synapses, namely the axons of Purkinje cells. 7. Because stimulation of the presynaptic component of the inhibitory synapses evoked ipsilateral saccades, activation of the postsynaptic component would evoke contralateral saccades. In fact, the distribution of the fastigial sites yielding contralateral saccades coincided with the course of axons of fastigial neurons arising in the ellipsoidal region. It is most likely, therefore, that the contralateral saccades were evoked by stimulation of fastigial neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The clinical value of high-frequency jet ventilation in major airway reconstructive surgery.

High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) via a catheter with internal diameter 2.4 mm was employed in 21 patients to facilitate airway reconstructive surgery. Tracheal reconstruction was performed in six cases, sleeve lobectomy in six and sleeve pneumonectomy in nine. An HFO-Jet-Ventilator was used at individually selected settings of 0.5-2.4 kg/cm2 for driving gas pressure and 4-10 Hz frequency. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was used initially, with switch to HFJV at the time of tracheobronchial reconstruction. The time during which HFJV was employed ranged from 25 to 65 min. Except for transient hypoxia or hypercapnia in a few patients, the results of blood gas analyses during HFJV were satisfactory. The most appropriate HFJV settings for each surgical procedure and the advantages of HFJV over IPPV are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in transurethral resection of the prostate: how much sampling is adequate].

The amount of prostatic tissue necessary to detect carcinoma in transurethral resection specimens with reasonable accuracy, was evaluated. The samples were taken from the patients with a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Prostate chips from 647 such patients were examined microscopically. An average of 2.5 g of sample was mounted in each block. Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 58 cases (9.0%). Among them, 40 cases were in stage A1, and 18 in stage A2. Incidental carcinoma was found more frequently in prostate chips weighing less than 20 g. To detect carcinoma with 95% probability, at least 2 slides should be examined in stage A2, and 6 slides in stage A1.

Adenocarcinoma↗