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Biomedical subjects

S Mukherjee

Publications and source records attributed to S Mukherjee.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Antiaggressive effect of adjunctive clonazepam in schizophrenia associated with seizure disorder.

A case of schizophrenia associated with complex partial seizure disorder and postictal violence, both refractory to conventional treatment, is presented. Adjunctive treatment with clonazepam resulted in the cessation of the seizures and of persistent, violent hallucinations. The theoretical implications for possible mechanisms underlying at least some types of aggressive behavior are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to PPD: dendritic cells in synergy with 5-hydroxytryptamine can substitute for macrophages.

We describe the use of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) as an adjuvant in the induction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to purified protein derivative (PPD). Based upon our previous studies with antigen-pulsed macrophages (M phi), we have shown that both the Day 2 early (2 hr) reaction and the Day 3 (24 hr) reaction are augmented if 5HT is incorporated into the priming injection. Furthermore, we have confirmed that in contrast to M phi, antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) fail to prime the early (2 hr) component of DTH. However, DC do prime the early response if injected along with 5HT. A peripheral 5HT antagonist, ICS 205-930, inhibits both the M phi-mediated and the 5HT/DC-primed reactions. These findings support the hypothesis that DTH reactions require a cascade of both inflammatory and immunological signals, and that in mice vascular permeability mediated via 5HT is important in the early phase of the reaction.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorders associated with epilepsy: an open study.

Eight DSM-III bipolar patients with seizure disorders were treated in an open study evaluating the effects of maintenance lithium treatment on affective relapses and clinical seizure activity. Lithium was effective in preventing the recurrence of affective episodes without worsening seizure frequency in patients with active seizures and did not induce seizures in those whose seizures were in remission. One patient showed remission of both affective and seizure symptoms on lithium alone. Lithium appears to be safe and effective in bipolar disorders associated with epilepsy and may have an anticonvulsant effect in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal responses to opioid substances in the trout. I. Effects of morphine on the release in vitro of corticotrophin-releasing activity from the hypothalamus and corticotrophin from the pituitary gland.

The effects of morphine and naloxone on the secretion in vitro of corticotrophin (ACTH) and and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) by the pars distalis and hypothalamus, respectively, have been studied in the trout. The spontaneous in vitro secretion of corticotrophin by the pars distalis is depressed significantly by the addition of high concentrations of morphine (10(-6)-10(-7) mol/litre) to the incubation medium. The effect is naloxone reversible. Morphine does not influence the response of the pituitary tissue to exogenous CRF41, suggesting that the inhibitory influence of the opiate is exerted primarily on the CRF nerve terminals within the pars distalis and not on the corticotrophs. At considerably lower concentrations (10(-10)-10(-8) mol/litre) morphine stimulates the release of CRF from the isolated trout hypothalamus in vitro. Its effects are dose-dependent and antagonized by naloxone. The results suggest that two anatomically and pharmacologically distinct populations of opioid receptors mediate opposing actions of morphine on the hypothalamo-pituitary-corticotrophic system in the trout.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal responses to opioid substances in the trout. II. Effects of morphine and D-Ala2, Met5-enkephalinamide on plasma cortisol titres in vivo.

The influence of morphine, D-Ala2, Met5-enkephalinamide (DALA), and naloxone on plasma cortisol titres has been studied in vivo in fingerling and adult trout. The responses were complex and variable. A single ip injection of morphine or DALA into fingerlings usually resulted in a rise in plasma cortisol after 0.5 hr followed by a fall below control values within 2 hr. In similar experiments with adult trout, only an inhibitory effect was observed. Naloxone reduced the rise in plasma cortisol following saline injection, but only when the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal response was intense. The antagonist also blocked the morphine-induced rise in cortisol secretion. Prolonged morphine treatment diminished both the postinjection and stress-induced secretion of cortisol in adult fish. Morphine had no effect on the spontaneous or ACTH-induced secretion of cortisol by interrenal tissue incubated in vitro. The results support the concept of inhibitory and stimulatory sites of action by opiates and opioid substances on the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis. These findings are discussed with reference to the action of morphine on hypothalamic and pituitary tissue of the trout in vitro and with the opioid control of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function in mammals.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of dog crevicular fluid proteins.

The ligature-induced periodontitis model was used in beagle dogs to compare and contrast profiles of crevicular fluid (CF) proteins collected from gingivitis and periodontitis sites. The protein profiles of CF and serum were determined by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) using a silver stain. 2-D PAGE showed that CF contained proteins with molecular weight 16 K or less and many proteins with molecular weights between 64 K and 16 K in the isoelectric pH between approximately 5.8 and 6.8. The number of such proteins was greater in samples collected from the ligated (periodontitis) side compared to the non-ligated (gingivitis) side. Thus, analysis by 2-D PAGE revealed differences between CF samples from gingivitis and ligature-induced periodontitis sites. This study suggests that analysis of human CF by 2-D PAGE may be useful in diagnosis and investigation of the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Antigenic challenge via the airway alters the permeability of the trachea in sensitized rats.

Inbred rats were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of DNP19 ovalbumin (DNP-OA) or saline. The rats were subsequently challenged by exposure to an aerosol of DNP-OA or bovine gamma globulins (BGG) for 10 min. Tracheal tissue was processed immediately after challenge in fixative containing 1% lanthanum. Planimetry of transmission electron micrographs showed 59% of the intraepithelial membranes were stained with lanthanum in the DNP-OA-sensitized and DNP-OA-challenged group; 39% in the saline-sensitized, DNP-OA-challenged group, and 26% in the DNP-OA-sensitized, BGG-challenged group. X-ray static probe microanalysis confirmed that most lanthanum penetrated in the DNP-OA-sensitized and DNP-OA-challenged group. In this group, the magnitude of the mechanical response, measured by body plethysmography, correlated directly (r = 0.74) with the lanthanum penetration. Our results confirm that increased permeability of the intercellular spaces occurs in immediate pulmonary hypersensitivity. They suggest that this change in permeability may be involved in producing the mechanical response.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1987

Vitamin A acetate as a regulator of accessory cell function in delayed-type hypersensitivity responses.

Mice fed on a vitamin A acetate (VAA)-supplemented diet respond to concentrations of oxazolone which are too low to elicit contact sensitivity on a standard diet. This study has investigated whether enhanced responsiveness could be due to VAA-induced changes in antigen-presenting cell function. The draining lymph nodes were used as the source for accessory cell populations, and cells from control and sensitized mice on either standard or VAA diet were compared in syngeneic and allogeneic responses. Their ability to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions was also compared. There was no qualitative difference between accessory cells from the standard and VAA-fed groups respectively, but there was already a striking quantitative increase in the number of accessory cells which correlated with augmented sensitization. These findings are consistent with the postulate that the effect of VAA may be associated with regulation of accessory cell function, and that susceptibility to contact sensitization can be modified by quantitative changes in antigen presentation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Mania following head trauma.

The authors present psychiatric and neurologic data on 20 patients who developed mania after closed head trauma. An association was seen between severity of head trauma (based on length of posttraumatic amnesia), posttraumatic seizure disorder, and type of bipolar disorder. The manic episodes were characterized by irritable mood rather than euphoria and by assaultiveness. Psychosis occurred in only 15% of the sample, and 70% had no depressive episodes. Bipolar disorders were absent among 85 first-degree relatives. The authors suggest that posttraumatic seizures may be a predisposing factor in posttraumatic mania.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Physico-chemical interaction of mycobacillin with Aspergillus niger protoplast membrane, the site of its action.

Mycobacillin partially quenched the strong fluorescence when 1-anilino naphthalene 8-sulfonate (ANS) was added to protoplast or plasma membrane but is without any effect on weak fluorescence when added to cell-free extract. There are two classes of ANS binding sites on protoplast or plasma membrane of which one class is sensitive to mycobacillin, being competitively abolished by it. Mycobacillin also non-competitively inhibits the binding of pyrene, a lipid specific probe. Thus it follows from the inhibition by mycobacillin of ANS or pyrene binding to protoplast or plasma membrane that the site of action of the antibiotic is located in the plasma membrane. Interaction between mycobacillin and the plasma membrane is physico-chemical in nature.

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates↗
PubMed1986

Covalent modification of Escherichia coli ADPglucose synthetase with 8-azido substrate analogs.

Two photoaffinity labeling agents, 8-azido-ATP and 8-azido-ADPglucose, are substrate site specific probes of the Escherichia coli ADPglucose synthetase. In the presence of light (254 nm), the analogs specifically and covalently modify the enzyme with concomitant loss of catalytic activity. The substrate ADPglucose completely protects the enzyme from covalent modification by these 8-azido analogs. ATP, another substrate, also provides nearly 100% protection from 8-azido-ATP inactivation but is less efficient in protection of inactivation by 8-azido-ADPglucose. In the absence of light, however, ADPglucose synthetase can utilize either 8-azido-ATP or 8-azido-ADPglucose as substrates.

Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose↗
PubMed1986

Persistent tardive dyskinesia in bipolar patients.

The prevalence and outcome of persistent tardive dyskinesia (TD) was studied in 131 bipolar patients. There were 34 cases of persistent TD in the subgroup (n = 96) with a history of neuroleptic treatment (prevalence, 35.4%; 95% confidence interval, 25% to 45%); there were no cases of persistent TD in the subgroup (n = 35) without such treatment history. Except in one patient, signs of TD persisted in spite of lithium carbonate treatment in 23 patients (median duration, 16 months; range, five to 24 months), of whom 15 remained off of a neuroleptic regimen during the study period for a median duration of 14 months (range, four to 24 months). Using multiple regression analysis, two variables were found to predict the presence of persistent TD and account for 36% of the variance: longer cumulative duration of maintenance neuroleptic treatment and shorter duration of previous lithium carbonate treatment. There appears to be a significant risk of persistent TD among neuroleptic-treated bipolar patients. High-risk subgroups within this category need to be identified.

Adult↗