Biomedical subjects

S Mukai

Publications and source records attributed to S Mukai.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

[A case of metastatic breast carcinoma with cardiac tamponade and pleural effusion showing long survival by local treatment combined with systemic chemotherapy].

This report describes a case of metastatic breast carcinoma in a 62-year-old woman with cardiac tamponade and pleural effusion. Pericardiocentesis followed by ADM (10 mg) instillation successfully controlled cardiac tamponade. After local treatment CAF systemic chemotherapy was performed without serious complications. A long survival time of 50 months was observed. This result suggests that in this case pericardiocentesis with ADM instillation was life saving and that systemic chemotherapy prolonged life.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1992

Oxycephaly, bilateral ectopia lentis, and retinal detachment.

We report the case of a man with oxycephaly, bilateral ectopia lentis, and total retinal detachment in one eye. Although the association of retinal detachment with ectopia lentis is well known, this is the first report to our knowledge of a craniosynostosis, specifically oxycephaly, being associated with ectopia lentis and retinal detachment.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Mutations in the human retinal degeneration slow gene in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

The murine retinal degeneration slow (rds) gene is a semidominant mutation with a phenotype having rod and cone photoreceptors that develop abnormally and then slowly degenerate. The phenotype is a possible model for retinitis pigmentosa, one of the scores of hereditary human retinal degenerations, which is also characterized by photoreceptor degeneration. We report here three mutations of the human homologue of the rds gene (RDS) that cosegregate with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in separate families. Our results indicate that some cases of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa are due to mutations at the RDS locus.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Elevated tissue concentrations of sialyl Lex-i in cancerous tissues compared with those in noncancerous tissues of various organs.

Sialyl Lex-i (SLX) concentrations in the extracts of noncancerous and cancerous tissues of various human organs were determined by radioimmunoassay for detailed evaluation of SLX. Cancerous tissues had significantly elevated SLX concentrations compared with noncancerous tissues of various organs. Tissue SLX concentration of the cancerous part was significantly higher than that of the adjacent noncancerous part in the same tissue. There was no significant correlation between tissue SLX concentration and serum SLX level. Positive localization of SLX was clearly observed in such cancerous tissues by immunohistochemical study, although not in any noncancerous tissues. Each of the antigens: SLX, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 125 showed a different distribution pattern in tissue concentration or localization in various organs. These results indicate that SLX may be a valuable cancer-associated antigen produced by malignant tissues, suggesting its clinical application as a tumor marker.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Accuracy of assessment of cardiac vagal tone by heart rate variability in normal subjects.

The correlations of 11 indexes of heart rate variability were examined with pharmacologically determined cardiac vagal tone in 15 normal subjects at supine rest. After sympathetic influences by intravenous propranolol were eliminated, RR interval variability was measured for 10 minutes under controlled respiration (0.25 Hz), and cardiac vagal tone was determined as the decrease in mean RR interval following complete vagal blockade with atropine. Time domain indexes (standard deviation, coefficient of variance and mean successive difference) correlated strongly with vagal tone (r = 0.87, 0.81 and 0.92, respectively; p less than 0.001 for all). The same was true for frequency domain indexes for the high-frequency (0.25 Hz) component calculated both by autoregressive spectrum analysis (square root of power and coefficient of component variance) and by fast Fourier transform (mean amplitude) (r = 0.91, 0.85 and 0.86, respectively; p less than 0.0001 for all). However, frequency domain indexes for the low-frequency spectral component (0.03 to 0.15 Hz) correlated less strongly (r = 0.69, 0.55 and 0.70, respectively), and the fraction of power [power/(total power greater than 0.03 Hz)] of both components showed no correlation. Principal component analysis showed that the first 6 indexes with strong correlations contained solely the first principal component closely related to vagal tone, whereas the remaining 5 indexes also contained the second component unrelated to vagal tone. These results indicate that most of the time and frequency domain analyses in use provides an accurate and common measure of cardiac vagal tone at rest.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Severity of coronary atherosclerosis correlates with the respiratory component of heart rate variability.

Decreased vagal activity is frequently observed in coronary artery disease, but the mechanism of this association is unknown. We investigated cardiac autonomic function by relating heart rate spectral components to clinical and angiographic findings in 80 patients who were undergoing coronary angiography. The age- and sex-adjusted magnitude of the respiratory spectral component, which is an index of cardiac vagal tone, showed a significant negative correlation with the extent of coronary atheromatosis (r = -0.43, p less than 0.0001) and a less significant negative correlation with the severity of coronary stenosis (r = -0.30, p = 0.0070). These relationships were independent of previous myocardial infarction and of left ventricular function. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the respiratory spectral component contributed to atheromatosis independently of established coronary risk factors (partial R2 = 9.4%, p = 0.002), but not to stenosis. Our results support the hypothesis that decreased cardiac vagal activity is associated with an increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Ankyloglossia with deviation of the epiglottis and larynx.

We observed ankyloglossia to be usually accompanied by displacement of the epiglottis and larynx. Infants with this disease developed dyspnea and skin and hair abnormalities. In addition, they had other symptoms, such as a dark forehead, a frowning expression, a dark color around the lips, scanty eyebrows, swelling around the palpebrae, harsh respiratory sounds, hard crying, snoring, and frequent yawning. In spite of these abnormalities, they had been considered to be healthy by their pediatricians. Arterial oxygen percent saturation (SaO2) was measured while the infants were asleep, suckling, and awake. The results revealed that their SaO2 was unstable and slightly low. The symptoms and signs of this disease were very similar to those observed in victims of sudden infant death syndrome before their death. Correction of the ankyloglossia and deviation of the epiglottis and larynx resulted in great improvement of these signs as well as a stabilization and increase of SaO2.

Cyanosis↗

PubMed1991

Dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by a pedunculated and mobile left ventricular thrombus on ruptured false tendons.

A 68-year-old man was admitted with congestive heart failure. He was treated with diuretics and digitalis; thereafter, the two-dimensional echocardiogram suggested a pedunculated and mobile left ventricular thrombus. He underwent surgical thrombectomy because of the high risk of systemic embolization. To our knowledge, this is the first case of dilated cardiomyopathy with a mobile left ventricular thrombus that was attached to ruptured false tendons.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Two cases of stage IV breast cancer with locally advanced lesion treated by intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir].

Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was used for 2 cases of Stage IV breast cancer with locally advanced lesions using implantable reservoir. The first case is a 64-year-old female who had multiple bone metastases with locally advanced breast lesion. A total dose of 220 mg ADM was injected via reservoir at outpatient department. The other case is a 66-year-old female who had multiple bone metastases with locally advanced breast lesions. A total dose of 235 mg ADM was injected via reservoir. After obtaining satisfactory response of local lesions, a standard radical mastectomy was performed for both cases. It was concluded that this method was useful for controlling locally advanced lesions of Stage IV breast cancer and beneficial for patient QOL.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Experiments of contamination with bacteria while transfusion between the newly developed porous polymer plug and by air needle plug].

We newly developed a transfusion plug that has an air passage of polymer porous material (I Cap). This porous polymer material theoretical does not pass the infectious microorganisms. We experimented contaminations during the transfusions by I Cap and that using air needles. Trypticated soy broth was used for the experiments. Experiments of transfusion in a dusty environment revealed that the transfusions by air needles got 100% contamination and that by I Cap was 0%. The experiments in a clinic room transfusions also revealed that air needle resulted in 30.3% contamination but on the contrary 0% with the I Cap. Dusty air was flown under high pressure (1.5 atmospheric pressure) through the same filter of I Cap for 30 minutes into the trypticated soy broth. These experiments revealed that the filter did not permeate bacteria and that transfusions with air needle was contaminated with dust.

Air↗

PubMed1990

A new analysis method for cataractous images taken by retroillumination photography.

Photographic data have been used to diagnose cataracts. In particular, retroillumination photographs are popular and useful owing to their clearness of whole images of crystalline lenses at a glance. A new procedure called grid method for the quantitative analysis of retroillumination photographs is proposed here. With this method a ratio of cataractous area to total area can be calculated by separating an image of a lens in grids, with a greater precision compared with the usual threshold method. Furthermore, based on a correlation check of the grid number and the resulting accuracy we determined that 25 grids is the optimal cutting for our grid method.

Cataract↗

PubMed1990

[Contamination and flow speed determination during fluid replacement using newly developed I-cap].

The authors have developed a new cork (I-cap) for transfusion bottle. The I-cap does not require a needle for allowing the air into the bottle. Instead, we put a water-repellent porous filter (W-R filter) made of sintered high molecular weight porous material in it, to allow passage of the air to and from the bottle. The results obtained in experiments designed to determine the contamination and flow-speed with the I-cap, standard cork and soft-bag, were as follow: 1) There was no bacterial contamination when the I-cap was employed, even under high pressure (1.5 atmospheric pressure). 2) Fluid replacement requiring "air-needles" was easily contaminated. 3) Flow-speed, when an I-cap is used, was more stable than when using conventional methods. 4) Flow-speed was most unstable when soft-bags were employed. Thus, the I-cap we have developed, allows the safe use of hard-type infusion bottles, without requiring an "air-needle" and ensuring a steady flow-speed. Our data demonstrate that I-cap can be safely and universally adapted for hard-type infusion bottles.

Equipment Contamination↗

PubMed1990

A heterotopic cardiac transplantation model for evaluation of rejection using transvenous endomyocardial biopsy.

A model of heterotopic cardiac transplantation for diagnosis of rejection is described. Heterotopic cardiac transplantations were performed in the thorax using the left innominate artery as an arterial supply with venous return into the superior vena cava. Six pairs of mongrel dogs underwent cardiac transplantation using this technique. Two dogs died postoperatively on the 2nd and 3rd day due to respiratory failure. Another four donor hearts arrested their beats in 6 to 8 postoperative days (mean 6.3 days) resulting from acute cardiac rejection. Serial echocardiographic recordings were found to be a reliable measure of acute cardiac rejection, since the left ventricular wall thickness of the donor heart increased until the donor heart stopped by rejection. Endomyocardial biopsy was easy to perform by passage of flexible cardiac biotome into the right ventricle of the donor and the recipient heart through the right internal jugular vein. Pathological findings revealed that early changes of the donor heart were interstitial edema caused by myocardial ischemia. This was followed by lymphocyte infiltration around peripheral coronary arteries and acute rejection resulting in myocyte necrosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Dynamic changes in serum osteocalcin levels in the perinatal periods].

Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein released into the blood proportional to the rate of new born formation. It is widely accepted that the level of serum osteocalcin is a clinical marker of bone turnover. Nephrogenic cAMP is a specific indirect parameter of the biologically active parathyroid hormone. For analysis of bone metabolism during pregnancy, we measured the concentrations of osteocalcin and nephrogenic cAMP in the maternal serum during pregnancy and in the cord serum at delivery. Nephrogenic cAMP values (n mol/dl GF: mean +/- SEM) increased from the first trimester (1.5 +/- 0.21) to the term (2.11 +/- 0.11). Osteocalcin values (ng/ml: mean +/- S.D.) conversely declined from the first trimester (3.17 +/- 1.66) until the term (1.48 +/- 0.71) and acutely increased in the puerperium (5.91 +/- 2.58). These results might indicate that pregnancy induces a state of secondary hyperparathyroidism, but bone turnover is suppressed. In the cases of uncomplicated deliveries, the concentration of osteocalcin in the umbilical vein was significantly higher than that in the cord artery. This result suggests that a protein immunologically reactive to the osteocalcin antibody might be produced in the human placenta.

Bone and Bones↗

PubMed1989

Parental origin of mutations of the retinoblastoma gene.

Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma arise from cells that have lost both functional copies of the retinoblastoma gene. Using the cloned retinoblastoma gene and other linked polymorphic loci, it is possible to reconstruct the sequential loss of the two homologous gene copies that precedes the development of these tumours. In non-hereditary tumours, the loss of each of the two homologues occurs somatically; in hereditary cases, the initial mutation is in the germline. Recently, Toguchida et al. reported that the paternally derived copy is preferentially the first one to become mutant during the genesis of non-hereditary osteosarcomas. We report here a similar analysis of patients with retinoblastoma in which we find no such predilection for initial somatic mutations. In contrast, when an initial mutation was a new germline mutation, it was derived from the father, a result which is consistent with new germline mutations arising primarily during spermatogenesis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) replication by synthetic oligo-RNA derivatives.

Several synthetic 2'-O-methyl-RNA oligomers and their derivatives have been evaluated for inhibitory effect against HIV-induced cytopathic effect and expression of the virus specific antigen in cultured MT-4 cells. In this study, oligo(2'-O-methyl)ribonucleoside phosphorothioates showed a potent inhibitory activity with size dependency (25-mer showed it at 1 microM), but by contrast both 2'-O-methylribo- and deoxy-oligomers with normal phosphate linkages failed to inhibit. However, it should be noted that the patched oligo(2'-O-methyl)ribonucleotide (20-mer), in which five linkages at 5'- and three linkages at 3'-ends of normal phosphates were replaced with thiophosphates, has recovered the substantial inhibitory effect. These results show that the size of oligomer and phosphorothioate linkages, probably resistant to exolytic nucleases, are essential for exhibiting antiviral activity.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Vocal cord adduction while sniffing.

The movement of vocal cords while sniffing was observed by fiberscope and electromyogram. Nasal airflow rate was compared while sniffing and during normal respiration. Fiberscopic and electromyographic observations revealed that the vocal cords adduct while the subject is sniffing. The olfactory sense was not needed. It also was different from the defensive laryngeal reflex closure. The nasal airflow rate during sniffing was less during inspiration than during normal respiration. Inhalation while sniffing was different from that of respiration. It is concluded that the vocal cords adduct while sniffing, and that the nasal airflow rate might be less during sniffing than during normal respiration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Biregular classification of Fano 3-folds and Fano manifolds of coindex 3.

The Fano 3-folds and their higher dimensional analogues are classified over an arbitrary field k [unk] C by applying the theory of vector bundles (in the case B(2) = 1) and the theory of extremal rays (in the case B(2) >/= 2). An n-dimensional smooth projective variety X over k is a Fano manifold if its first Chern class c(1)(X) epsilon H(2)(X, Z) is positive in the sense of Kodaira [Kodaira, K. (1954) Ann. Math. 60, 28-48] (or ample). If n = 3 and c(1)(X) generates H(2)(X, Z), then either (i) X is a complete intersection in a Grassmann variety G with respect to a homogeneous vector bundle E on G: the rank of E is equal to codim(G)X and X is isomorphic to the zero locus of a global section of E, (ii) X is a linear section of a 10-dimensional spinor variety X(12) (10) [unk] P(k) (15), or (iii) X is isomorphic to a double cover of P(k) (3), a 3-dimensional quadric Q(k) (3), or a quintic del Pezzo 3-fold V(5) [unk] P(k) (6). If n = 4 and c(1)(X) is divisible by 2, then X [unk] C is isomorphic to (a) a complete intersection in a homogeneous space or its double cover, (b) a product of P(1) and a Fano 3-fold, (c) the blow-up of Q(4) [unk] P(5) along a line or along a conic, or (d) a P(1)-bundle compactifying a line bundle on P(3) or on Q(3) [unk] P(4).

Journal Article↗