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Biomedical subjects

S Moulopoulos

Publications and source records attributed to S Moulopoulos.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Bloodvolume determination in the newborn using blood of adults as an indicator (author's transl)].

A method allowing the determination of the bloodvolume of newborns by means of transfused blood of adults, is presented. Hb A containing erythrocytes of the adult can be distinguished from mainly Hb F containing erythrocytes of the newborn by means of the Kleihauer staining method. The ratio of the red blood cell volume of the donor to that of the patient is represented by the ratio of Hb A to Hb F containing erythrocytes. Bloodsmears taken before and after transfusion are stained with the "Fetal Hemoglobin Set" (BOERINGER), then photographed and approximately 1000 cells counted on the photo. The bloodvolume is calculated from the dilution of Hb A-containing in Hb F-containing erythrocytes. The reproducibility of the method was tested on 10 newborns, who were transfused twice and whose bloodvolumes were determined four times (two correlating bloodvolumes twice). The error of the method lies between 7.5 and 10% of the total bloodvolume. While an optimal determination of the bloodvolume through the first transfusion is already obtained by counting about 1000 cells, increasing the number of counted cells raises the quality of the bloodvolume determination through further transfusions. The bloodvolumes found are lower than those described in the literature. Its causes are discussed.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doxorubicin-induced cardiac neurotoxicity: study with iodine 123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy.

BACKGROUND: Iodine 123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) can be used to generate a scintigraphic image of the adrenergic nervous innervation of the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: To test the hypothesis that doxorubicin may lead to damage of cardiac neurons, we examined 37 patients with various malignant neoplasms, 14 of whom were on therapy with doxorubicin. All patients were examined with 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography. Cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake was assessed by means of a heart to mediastinum activity ratio (H/M). Left ventricular ejection fraction was not different in patients with or without doxorubicin. In patients receiving doxorubicin, the H/M ratio was significantly lower (1.73 +/- 0.25 vs 2.13 +/- 0.25, p < 0.001) and correlated with doxorubicin cumulative dose (r = -0.51, p < 0.001). By using a H/M ratio of 1.73 as a cutoff point, 123I-MIBG uptake was abnormal in none of the 23 patients not receiving and 6 of 14 patients receiving doxorubicin therapy (p < 0.001). In 10 patients initially not receiving doxorubicin, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy was repeated after receiving 236 +/- 47 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. The H/M became abnormal in 3 of 10 patients, whereas the ejection fraction became abnormal in 2 of 10 patients. CONCLUSION: 123I-MIBG cardiac uptake decreases in a doxorubicin dose-dependent way, indicating a cardiac adrenergic neurotoxic effect of doxorubicin. This phenomenon appears early and generally before deterioration of the ejection fraction.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biologic activities of biosynthetic human insulin in healthy volunteers and insulin-dependent diabetic patients monitored by the artificial endocrine pancreas.

This study investigates and compares biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and purified pork insulin, in healthy volunteers and in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, in terms of biologic action, capacity for controlling diabetic patients, and the requirements of the patients on each insulin. The possible importance of this new insulin in the improved long-term control of diabetic patients led to the experimental design of this protocol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maintenance of circulation during ventricular fibrillation with the simultaneous use of two "counterpulsation" devices.

Two valveless, single orifice counterpulsation devices, with pumping stroke volumes of 65 ml each, were implanted on the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery of seven open chest anesthetized dogs. After completion of the preparation, ventricular fibrillation was induced. The devices were synchronized to pump simultaneously at a rate of 85-100 bpm. The combined use of the counterpulsation devices provided maximal aortic pressure of 111.4 +/- 25.1 mmHg during ventricular fibrillation for a period of 15-60 min. The mean left ventricular pressure was 17.7 +/- 4.4 mmHg, and the cardiac index 64.5 +/- 23.6 ml/kg/min. Cardioversion of ventricular fibrillation to sinus rhythm restored normal hemodynamics. The counterpulsation device implanted on the ascending aorta was not able to maintain circulation for more than 5 min after the induction of ventricular fibrillation, if used alone. In conclusion, the use of two counterpulsation devices implanted on the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery was able to maintain circulation in experimental animals during ventricular fibrillation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of keratins and carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchial squamous metaplasia and lung carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin8.60 (CK8.60) and CK18 expression in sputum smears from patients with various types of lung cancer and in heavy smokers with various degrees of squamous metaplasia without lung cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-six patients with lung cancer and 149 heavy smokers were investigated. RESULTS: For all markers a progressive increase in the numbers of positives was observed as the degree of squamous metaplasia increased in both groups. CK8.60 was positive in 95% of heavy smokers (benign histology) with atypical squamous metaplasia but in only 67% of malignant cells. Combinations of positive CEA and CK8.60 were frequent, while CK18 positivity tended to be solitary. CONCLUSION: Positive staining might be indicative of an increased risk of malignant transformation regardless of cytology, but positivity of markers is not of use in the diagnosis of malignant histology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute estrogen administration can reverse cold-induced coronary Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis.

A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman with long-standing progressive systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon was examined by dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial imaging and cold pressor thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. The dipyridamole test revealed normal myocardial perfusion, while the cold pressor test showed reversible ischemia to the anteroapical myocardial wall, indicating coronary Raynaud's phenomenon. Acute intravenous administration of conjugated estrogens led to normalization of the cold-induced thallium-201 defect. This is the first reported case of the beneficial effect of estrogens in coronary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cold-induced coronary Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac involvement with myocardial-band necrosis is common in systemic sclerosis. One possible explanation is that an underlying vasomotor abnormality accounts for these histologic findings. To shed light on this issue we investigated the existence of "myocardial Raynaud's phenomenon" in such patients. METHODS: We examined 25 patients with systemic sclerosis and 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, using cold pressor and dipyridamole-thallium-201 scintigraphy. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients with systemic sclerosis and 13 patients with lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis had normal perfusion during dipyridamole imaging. Seven scleroderma patients with normal dipyridamole test presented cold-induced transient myocardial ischemia, while none of the control patients had cold-induced ischemia (p = 0.034). All patients with cold-induced ischemic defects presented long-standing Raynaud's phenomenon (> 5 years); of the 14 patients with long-standing Raynaud's phenomenon 7 presented ischemic thallium-201 defects; of the remaining 9 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon of short duration (< 5 years) none presented cold-induced ischemia (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: Patients with systemic sclerosis and long-standing Raynaud's phenomenon, even in the presence of normal myocardial perfusion during pharmacological vasodilation with dipyridamole, may present cold-induced myocardial ischemia, a functional Raynaud's phenomenon of the heart.

Adult↗