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Biomedical subjects

S Moss

Publications and source records attributed to S Moss.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Initial results from a programme of breast self-examination.

As part of a national study of early detection of breast cancer, 28663 women aged between 45 and 64 have been invited to attend a teaching programme on the method of self-examination with the advice to practise it regularly. This paper reports the early results of the Nottingham study on 14905 who have attended. To date there have been 717 self-referrals. One hundred and thirty-nine of these had a significant abnormality on either clinical examination or mammography and eight biopsies have been performed. Cancer was detected in 43 women. This is a detection rate of 2.9 cancers per 1000 educated. Mean tumour size was 2.3 cm (0.5-6.0 cm) and 56% were lymph node negative.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Water and electrolyte composition of urine and ileal fluid and its relationship to renin and aldosterone during dietary sodium deprivation in patients with ileostomies.

1. The electrolyte and water composition of urine and ileal fluid was studied in six patients with ileostomies during dietary sodium deprivation and at the same time measurements were made of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, renal aldosterone excretion and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration. 2. In each subject there was a reduction in renal sodium excretion within 24 h of sodium deprivation. Significant rises in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and renal aldosterone excretion occurred by day 2 of sodium deprivation. 3. There was only modest conservation of sodium by the ileum during sodium deprivation, but ileal potassium concentration rose progressively. There were significant associations between ileal-fluid potassium concentration and plasma renin activity or renal aldosterone excretion. 4. Under the conditions of the experiment a diuresis was observed in each subject during dietary sodium deprivation. This did not appear to depend on changes in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A genetic approach to the biosynthesis of the rifamycin-chromophore in Nocardia mediterranei. III. Isolation and identification of an early aromatic ansamycin-precursor containing the seven-carbon amino starter-unit and three initial acetate/propionate-units of the ansa chain.

A number of rifamycin non-producing UV-mutants derived from Nocardia mediterranei strains N813 (rifamycin B producer) and A10 (aro--mutant excreting shikimate derived from strain N813) were found to accumulate an identical complex of aromatic components instead of rifamycin B. The main component of this aromatic complex, product P8/1-OG, was isolated from six of these P--mutant strains and identified spectroscopically as a very early precursor in the biosynthesis of rifamycins.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

A combined transcutaneous pulse-echo and Doppler ultrasonic technique for the measurement of brachial artery peak velocity.

The Parks Model 806 Doppler blood velocity meter was shown to have a linear voltage output with respect to input frequencies of up to 5kHz. It was linear and accurate to velocities of 70 cms-1 at angles of 50 degrees and 60 degrees to the flow, on a steady flow rig, and shown to have a linear frequency response to 9Hz. A combined pulse echo and Doppler transducer system has been developed allowing quantitation of arterial peak velocity.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1979

Regional impairment of cerebral oxidative metabolism in Parkinson's disease.

Twenty-two patients affected by idiopathic Parkinsonism were studied using the oxygen-15 inhalation technique. The production of labelled metabolic water was found to be decreased in the parietal cerebral cortex, indicating an impairment in oxidative metabolism. This metabolic defect was localised mainly to the parietal cortex of the affected hemispheres; in non-affected hemispheres of patients presenting with unilateral Parkinsonism, the uptake was normal. In contrast, regional blood flow was not significantly altered. It is possible that this metabolic impairment is caused by chronic deafferentation.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The release of enterokinase following secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in man.

The release of enterokinase into human duodenal fluid was studied after intravenous injections of secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ). In five control subjects there was a significant release of the enzyme after stimulation with either hormone. A similar release of enterokinase was observed after hormonal stimulation in three patients with total biliary obstruction and in four patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. These results suggest that the hormone-mediated release of enterokinase is independent of bile salts and trypsin in man. This release of enterokinase into duodenal fluid may be physiologically important in protein digestion.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1978

Oxygen-15 brain scanning for detection of cerebral involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

In 47 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus seen during fifty-one clinical episodes, oxygen-15, a short-lived gamma-emitting isotope, has been employed in a scannng technique to study cerebral oxygen utilisation and blood-flow. Abnormalities in regional distribution of oxygen utilisation and blood-flow were seen in twenty-three out of twenty-four instances of definite central-nervous-system disease, in fourteen out of fifteen instances of suspected C.N.S. lupus, and in ten out of twelve instances in which C.N.S. disease was not clinically apparent. The technique reflected remissions and relapses. It may prove valuable in diagnosis of subclinical cerebral disease, in monitoring of responses to therapy, and in study of the pathophysiology of cerebral lupus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Vigorous exercise in leisure time and the death rate: a study of male civil servants.

In 1968-70, 17,944 middle-aged male executive grade civil servants in Great Britain provided a record of their leisure-time activities for two sample days and they have been followed until the end of 1977. In a 20% sample (3591 men), 268 have died. Men who had reported "vigorous exercise" (VE) during the two days suffered fewer deaths from coronary heart disease throughout the years 1968-77; there was no significant difference in mortality from other causes. VE men recorded more physical activity in general, and they saw themselves as physically more active than the rest. Total physical activity scores, however, were weakly related to coronary mortality. Men reporting vigorous exercise smoked somewhat less than other men, but the two factors were independently associated with mortality from coronary heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Study of regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow relationships in man using the method of continuously inhaling oxygen-15 and oxygen-15 labelled carbon dioxide.

A new technique for assessing regional oxygen use and blood flow has been applied to a wide range of neurological patients. The method couples the brain's high metabolic demand for oxygen with a shortlived radioactive form of this metabolite, namely oxygen-15 (half life: 2.1 min). This combination produces during the continuous inhalation of either molecular oxygen-15 or labelled carbon dioxide, steady state functional images of the brain which are relatively free of contribution from extracerebral tissues. These are complementary images in that they relate to regional oxygen uptake and blood flow and hence offer a direct insight to the regional demand-to-supply relationships within the brain in physiological and pathological conditions. In the clinical groups studied, metabolic and circulatory defects were observed and instances of cerebrovascular insufficiency and relative luxury perfusion were defined which hitherto have been deduced from indirect methods. The clinical acceptability of this non-invasive approach allowed us to study those categories of patients which normally do not warrant invasive examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Non-invasive regional study of chronic cerebrovascular disorders using the oxygen-15 inhalation technique.

The regional cerebral metabolism-to-perfusion imbalance has been studied in the three main categories of cerebrovascular disorders in a chronic phase of the disease, using the non-invasive oxygen-15 inhalation technique. In patients presenting with a history of transient ischaemic attacks, regional defects in cerebral perfusion were greater than for the corresponding oxygen uptakes. Areas of relative ischaemia within which there was an enforced increase in the oxygen extraction ratio were highlighted. The reverse pattern was observed frequently in patients with brain infarcts arising from strokes, so indicating areas of relative luxury perfusion as is inferred from the reduction in the oxygen extraction ratio. In the multi-infarct dementia group of patients, there were parallel focal reductions in both flow and metabolism. The oxygen-15 inhalation technique is shown to be a unique tool in investigating cerebrovascular disorders because of its non-invasiveness and its ability to define regional metabolism-to-perfusion imbalance within the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Renin-aldosterone responsiveness in uncomplicated juvenile-type diabetes mellitus.

The changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) in response to dietary sodium restriction and upright posture were evaluated in 7 patients with juvenile-type, insulin-dependent, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus and in 5 healthy volunteers. All patients had normal blood pressure, 24-hour urine protein excretion and endogenous creatinine clearance. Renal sodium conservation and concentrating ability were grossly normal and 5 patients so tested, had normal renal acidification. PRA and PA were normal in every subject suggesting that abnormalities of the renin-aldosterone axis are late complications of diabetes mellitus usually associated with hypertension and nephropathy or neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Radioactive oxygen 15O studies in cerebral neoplasms.

Methods of diagnosis and anatomical localization of cerebral neoplasms have reached a high level of efficiency. A new method of studying cerebral circulation and metabolism by a simple noninvasive technique of steady-state imaging during the inhalation of radioactive oxygen and radioactive oxygen-labelled CO2 is described. The results of preliminary studies of a group of cerebral neoplasms of various histological types are presented and the implications discussed.

Astrocytoma↗