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Biomedical subjects

S Mizuno

Publications and source records attributed to S Mizuno.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Frequency of HLA-DQA1 alleles in the Japanese population.

One of the HLA class II genes, HLA-DQA1, was typed from 290 unrelated healthy Japanese using the oligonucleotide typing method. The HLA-DQA1 gene was enzymatically amplified and typed by dot-blot hybridizations with 10 sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes labeled nonradioactively. Using this method, the HLA-DQA1 genotype was theoretically classified into 36 genotypes: 8 homozygous and 28 heterozygous ones. Actually, 26 genotypes were observed in the present study, and the gene frequency of each allele was calculated. The observed numbers were in accordance with the numbers expected under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The HLA-DQA1 genotype was also determined in aged bloodstains. Since the genotype is polymorphic in the Japanese population and a very small amount of blood is required for determination, this typing is particularly useful for forensic analysis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in horses: the effect of aging, sex, delivery and inflammations on its concentration.

The serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in horses was measured by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) using rabbit anti-equine CRP serum to evaluate the significance of CRP as an acute-phase reactive protein. In serum samples of clinically normal newborn thoroughbred foals before being given colostrum, serum CRP was not detectable (less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml). The serum CRP concentration was found to increase quickly and reach a peak level of approximately 14.1 micrograms/ml in 12-month-old horses. Then, it decreased gradually to reach a low value of 5.4 micrograms/ml in the 4-year-old. In horses over 5-year-old, serum CRP concentration was stable at values of 7 to 8 micrograms/ml. In mares during the peri-natal period, serum CRP concentration decreased at 2 months before delivery, showed moderate changes just before and after delivery, and then increased to relatively high level by 2 months after delivery. The concentration of serum CRP was found to be increased at 24 hours after experimentally inflammatory stimuli in adult horses, and reached peak values of 3 to 6 times as high as the base line values at 3 to 5 days. Serum CRP concentration returned to base line values by 2 to 3 weeks after treatments. It is clear from these data that CRP is one of the acute-phase reactive proteins in horses.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the occipital bone with intracranial extension--case report.

The authors present a rare case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma originating in the cranial bone. A 72-year-old male was admitted with a diffuse painless swelling in the left occipital region but no neurological abnormality. Plain skull x-ray films and computed tomographic scans showed a large tumor in the left temporo-occipital bone. The tumor invading subcutaneous tissue was totally excised and histologically diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Postoperatively, 40-Gy irradiation was given to the left temporo-occipital region. Several months later, however, the tumor recurred in the posterior fossa. Neuroradiological examination showed tumor extension into the occipital bone and muscle and the subdural space of the posterior fossa. A second operation extirpated all tumors except in the cerebellum. He died of pneumonia on the 14th postoperative day. Autopsy revealed malignant fibrous histiocytoma invading into the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. Radiation and chemotherapy should be given as soon as possible following extensive surgery for malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the cranial bone.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Pyrrolomycin group antibiotics inhibit substance P-induced release of myeloperoxidase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

In order to search for microbial modulators of the activity of neuropeptide, we established a screen based on substance P (SP)-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). SP induced MPO release in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1 approximately 10 x 10(-4) M. In comparison at 1 x 10(-4) M, induction was also observed with SP derivatives but not with other neuropeptides such as neurokinin and enkephalin. Based on this, we searched for microbial inhibitors against SP-induced MPO release. An actinomycete metabolite designated HS3, which turned out to be identical with dioxapyrrolomycin or A1-R2081, and structurally related pyrrolomycins were found to inhibit SP-induced MPO release. In addition, these compounds inhibited the f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-induced MPO release from PMN. Pyrrolomycin derivatives with an N-methylated pyrrole ring showed, however, a selective inhibition of the SP-induced MPO release. This was in contrast to results with aseanostatin P5 which selectively inhibited FMLP-induced MPO release.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1991

[Cigarette smoking and mortality among Japanese males in a prospective cohort study].

The relationship between smoking and disease was studied in a prospective cohort study among a Japanese male working population. The relative risk of cigarette smoking was positively associated with mortality for all diseases and major neoplasms. In current smokers consuming 25 to 34 cigarettes per day, relative risk for all diseases, major neoplasms, and lung cancer compared to nonsmokers was 1.38, 2.04, 2.36, respectively. These data suggest that there is a positive relation between smoking and disease mortality in this male working population. As for ex-smokers, estimated relative risk for all neoplasms was between that of current smokers and nonsmokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isolation, characterization, and quantitative analysis of ceruloplasmin from horses.

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) was isolated from fresh equine plasma by precipitation, cellulose chromatography, and improved ion-exchange chromatography. Purified equine Cp is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of approximately 115,000. In electrophoresis, equine Cp migrated to the alpha 1-globulin region, its isoelectric point was about 4.15 and consisted of about 890 amino acid residues. Serum Cp concentration was measured by use of the single radial immunodiffusion method. In clinically normal horses, the mean (+/- SD) serum Cp concentration of newborn foals was 2.87 +/- 0.40 mg/ml and that of 3-month-old foals was 5.02 +/- 0.92 mg/ml, which was similar to the adult value. It reached a peak of 6.06 +/- 0.74 mg/ml in 2-year-old horses. The Cp concentration in mares was not statistically different for the perinatal period, but it decreased immediately before and after delivery. Concentration of Cp increased at 6 days after IM administration of turpentine oil, castration, or jejunojejunostomy in adult horses, and increased to peak values twice as high as baseline values at 7 to 14 days, returning to baseline values at 28 days after treatment. We concluded that equine serum Cp is an acute-phase reactive protein increased in the intermediary or later phase of acute inflammation.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) for acute cholecystitis].

We performed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) in 71 of 129 patients with acute cholecystitis. In 70 of 71 patients, clinical symptoms and laboratory data were rapidly improved by PTGBD. In order to evaluate the degree of acute cholecystitis, the clinical symptoms, laboratory data and ultrasonographic findings of these patients were analyzed by the quantification theory of Hayashi. As a result, irregular thickening of the gallbladder wall and gallbladder swelling presented by US and physical findings with Blumberg's sing or defence in the abdomen were most important findings to assess the severity of acute cholecystitis. Based on these data, we originally introduced the Severity Score of this disease and used it a criterion of PTGBD indication. The patients with the score above 0.5 were considered to be indicative for emergent PTGBD. In high risk patients (e.g., the aged or of diabetes mellitus) with the score above 0, this procedure should be indicated. In 24 of 71 patients, Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Scope (PTGBS) were attempted to retrieve stones, and it was completely successful in 16 patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Preoperative diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)--a comparative study with other diagnostic tools].

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and angiography (Angio) were performed in 26 patients with pancreatic cancer which were all resected. Preoperative findings of each diagnostic tools were compared with histological findings. In order to discuss the effectiveness of each body imagings, the preoperative staging of pancreatic cancer was evaluated in direct invasion to the anterior pancreatic capsule and stomach (S), direct invasion to the duodenum (D), direct invasion to the retroperitoneal adjacent vessels (Rp), and regional lymph node metastasis (N). The overall accuracy rate was 77% with EUS (50% with US, 38% with CT, 56% with Angio) in S, 81% with EUS (44% with US, 38% with CT, 63% with Angio) in D, 77% with EUS (58% with US, 42% with CT, 73% with Angio) in Rp, and 65% with EUS (58% with US, 38% with CT) in N. EUS revealed high accuracy rates because EUS images of the whole pancreas, surrounding organs and major vessels were clearly visualized through the gastroduodenal walls. Also, the accuracy rates of Angio in Rp and US in N were almost the same as those of EUS in Rp and N. However, it was difficult for every procedure to diagnose the retroperitoneal perineural invasion. From these results, EUS is one of the most beneficial procedures for detecting of the extent of cancer. EUS is expected to be popularized in the diagnosis and staging of the pancreatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of effective neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (FLEP therapy) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer].

Ten patients with non-resectable gastric cancer were subjected to a neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (FLEP therapy), consisting of 4 drugs (leucovorin and 5-FU i.v., CDDP and etoposide i.a.) combination therapy from August 1989 to April 1991. The response rate of this therapy with primary lesions, metastatic lymph-nodes (mainly paraaortic lymph nodes), metastatic liver tumor and peritoneal dissemination were 50, 50, 25 and 33%, respectively. Five cases underwent total gastrectomy. Pathological evaluation of these cases was Grade 1 or 2. Side effects were mainly gastrointestinal disturbances, namely stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and anorexia, along with bone marrow suppression. Performance status of these patients improved to a significant degree by the therapy. This therapy seemed to be effective in controlling paraaortic lymph-node metastasis. The advantage of i.a. delivery was investigated by Tc-MAA scintigraphy. The distribution of Tc-MAA after i.a. injection suggested that i.a. chemotherapy enhanced intraabdominal drug concentration. There is no established treatment for far advanced cases, so this therapy seems to be worth a try.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A study on the mechanisms whereby apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) inhibits cholesterol crystal nucleation in human gallbladder bile].

The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms whereby apo A-1 retards cholesterol crystal nucleation in human gallbladder bile. Ten human gallbladder bile samples were sterilely collected from patients with gallstones at surgery, subsequently applied on gel permeation chromatography to separate various lipid particles. A non-micellar fraction coeluted with apo A-1 was ultrastructurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As results, that fraction containing very little or no apo A-1, 400-600 A in diameter, showed rapid transformation, i.e. rouleau formation, multilamellar formation and consequently microcrystal formation, whereas those rich in apo A-1, 200-400 A in diameter, showed very little transformation for 7 days. Those data indicated that apo A-1 stabilizes non micellar fraction by forming an apo A-1 and lipid complexed particle, resulting in prolonged cholesterol crystal nucleation.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1991

[Prevalence of K-ras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers].

It has been reported that mutations in the human ras gene family convert these genes into active oncogenes. In the present study using in vitro gene amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mutation detection by the oligonucleotide hybridization assay, a total of 86 colorectal cancers were analyzed for the point mutations at codon 12 and 13 of K-ras genes. Mutations were present in 33 of the 86 colorectal cancers examined; 32 of the 33 mutations were at codon 12 of this gene and one of them was at codon 13. There was no apparent correlation between the presence of a ras gene mutation in a carcinoma and its anatomical location, level of differentiation, depth of invasion, degree of lymphnode metastasis or stage of progression, however, the high incidence of K-ras mutations was observed in early stage carcinomas (depth m and sm). This results support the concept that the point mutation of K-ras gene is early event in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

The observed relationship between the occurrence of acute radiation effects and leukemia mortality among A-bomb survivors.

In an analysis of a follow-up study of a fixed population of 73,330 atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the slope of an estimated dose response between ionizing radiation and leukemia mortality was found to be steeper (P less than 0.002), by a factor of 2.4, among those who reported epilation within 60 days of the bombings, compared to those who did not experience this sign of acute radiation exposure. The strength of this empirical finding as evidence of biological association in individual radiosensitivity for these two end points is studied here. The major factor complicating the interpretation of this finding as evidence of such an association is the degree of imprecision of the radiation dosimetry system used in assignment of radiation doses to the A-bomb survivors. Using models recently suggested for dealing with dosimetry errors in epidemiological analysis of the A-bomb survivor data, the sensitivity of the apparent association between leukemia mortality and severe epilation to the assumed level of dosimetry error is investigated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Effects of herbimycin A and various SH-reagents on p60v-src kinase activity in vitro.

Herbimycin A is an antiobiotic which reverses transformation caused by src family oncogenes. It inactivates p60v-src in vitro, possibly by binding to reactive SH-group(s) of the kinase. We examined effects of various SH-reagents on p60v-src and observed that N-[p-(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl]maleimide (BIPM) or N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide (NAM) were potent inactivators of the kinase, whereas N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) required high concentrations, and iodoacetamide was totally ineffective in reducing the kinase activity. Pretreatment of p60v-src immune-complex with NEM and iodoacetamide, however, protected the kinase from inactivation by herbimycin A, BIPM, and NAM. The results suggest that SH-group(s) to which herbimycin A binds is not essential for the kinase activity, but is positioned in the vicinity of the active center.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Chromosomal protein HMG1 removes the transcriptional block caused by the cruciform in supercoiled DNA.

The binding of chromosomal protein HMG1 to a palindromic sequence that can form the cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA and the subsequent effect on the transcription of the sequence were examined with pBR322 and its derivative plasmids. The plasmid DNA under negative supercoiling showed a selective sensitivity to nuclease S1. HMG1 protected against the nuclease S1 digestion. The results of the filter binding assay indicated that the primary binding target of HMG1 is the single-stranded region within the cruciform in supercoiled DNA. In the transcription from pBR322 DNA in the absence of HMG1, intermediate transcripts of RNA-I, which are encoded from a DNA region containing the palindromic sequence that can form a cruciform, were accumulated with the increase in negative superhelical density whereas the full-length RNA-I was synthesized without an accumulation of intermediate transcripts in the presence of HMG1. The intermediates that accumulated in the absence of HMG1 were elongated to the final product by adding HMG1. These results suggest that the cruciform structure formed under negative supercoiling blocks transcription and that HMG1 can remove the block by altering the DNA conformation to allow the stalled RNA polymerase at the block to resume transcription.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Efficient large-scale purification of non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 by using Polybuffer-exchanger PBE94.

A method for the efficient and practical large-scale purification of high-mobility group (HMG) non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2, from porcine thymus applying Polybuffer-exchanger PBE94 gel as anion-exchanger has been developed. This method affords higher resolution, purity and yield, than the conventional procedure of CM-Sephadex C-25 ion-exchange column chromatography. Furthermore, use of Polybuffer-exchanger PBE94 column chromatography led to direct preparation of HMG1 and HMG2 from loosely bound non-histone chromosomal protein fraction of chromatin without prefractional precipitation with trichloroacetic acid or prior extraction with perchloric acid. Thus, the application of PBE94 gel as an anion-exchanger to the subfractionation of other kinds of homologous protein is possible.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Tumor growth-inhibitory glycoprotein secreted from the mouse brain at terminal stage of the ontogeny: molecular homogeneity and requirement of the retained protein conformation for exhibition of the cytotoxic action.

The mouse brain at the neonatal stage but not at the adult or fetal stage, secretes a protein which inhibits growth and DNA synthesis of malignant cells preferentially over those of normal cells, and so is termed neonatal brain-derived carcinostatic factor (NBCF). In the present study, NBCF was prepared from conditioned medium cultured from neonatal brain, and was obtained by HPLC as a homogeneous protein (62 kDa, pI 9.1); physico-chemical and biological properties of NBCF differ from those of cerebral proteins known. A 1,2-cis-diol affinity column retained NBCF, which was thereafter eluted with D-sorbitol; NBCF treated with neuraminidase lost part of activity without emergence of new N-terminal amino acids, suggesting glycan moieties required for the activity exhibition. This is supported by repression of NBCF secretion by tunicamycin of doses as low as is not cytotoxic. NBCF did not hydrolyze target proteins; cytotoxic action of NBCF was not counteracted by a diversity of proteinase inhibitors. An ether extract of NBCF was not cytotoxic, whereas the ether-insoluble residuum retained part of the initial activity. NBCF was inactivated with immobilized trypsin or with dithiothreitol combined with guanidine more markedly than with either agent. Thus cytotoxicity exhibition of NBCF, mediated through actions other than proteolysis, is attributed to the proteinic principle but not to protein-bound lipophilic ligands, and requires retention of the protein conformation and intramolecularly buried SS bonds.

Animals↗