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Biomedical subjects

S Mizuno

Publications and source records attributed to S Mizuno.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Equine haptoglobin: isolation, characterization, and the effects of ageing, delivery and inflammation on its serum concentration.

Haptoglobin (Hp) was isolated from equine serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Equine Hp which migrated to the alpha 2-globulin region in electrophoresis, contained 2 fractions with molecular weights (NW) of 108,000 and 105,000, and each fraction consisting of 2 subunits. Quantitative measurement of Hp in equine serum was performed by the single radial immunodiffusion method using anti-equine Hp serum. In clinically normal horses, the highest concentration of serum Hp was found in newborn foals and a high value was maintained until 12 months of age. The concentration then decreased with age. Normal Hp values were 5.25 +/- 2.36 mg/ml in foals (less than or equal to 12 months old), 2.19 +/- 1.54 mg/ml in adult horses (greater than or equal to 18 months old) and 3.62 +/- 0.81 mg/ml in all horses. Serum Hp concentration in mares during the perinatal period in comparison with the normal adult female was high for 4 months pre-partum, a passing increase at delivery, and then decreased at 2 weeks post-partum returning to normal within 1 month of delivery. In horses with experimentally-induced inflammation, serum Hp concentration began to increase immediately after treatment and reached the highest value, 1.5 to 9 times higher than those of pre-treatment at 2 to 5 days, then decreased within 4 weeks. It was also elevated in most cases of horses with clinically inflammatory signs.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[Quantitative X-ray CT analysis of calcification of the abdominal aorta and its relationship to obesity].

Quantitative analysis of abdominal aorta calcification by X-ray CT is a useful method for non-invasive diagnosis of atherosclerosis. We recently examined the relationship between the X-ray CT measurement of abdominal aorta calcification and the degree of obesity. For this purpose, the body mass index (BMI) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (determined by X-ray CT at the umbilical level) were analyzed in relation to the abdominal aorta calcification index (ACI) in 845 patients (453 males and 392 females aged 40-79 years). Patients with BMI under 20 were classified as "lean", those with BMI between 20-26 as "normal" and those with BMI over 26 as "obese". 1. Among males, the ACI was highest in lean individuals and lowest in obese individuals. The difference in ACI between lean and obese males was significant in the middle aged group (40-65 years). Among females, no relationship was observed between the degree of obesity and ACI. 2. Among males, ACI was higher in individuals with low subcutaneous fat thickness and lower in individuals with greater subcutaneous fat thickness. The difference was significant in the middle aged group. Among females, no relationship was observed between the two parameters. 3. When the visceral fat to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S) in 85 males and females aged 60-69 years was analyzed in relation to ACI, ACI tended to decrease as the V/S increased, in both males and females. 4. Relationships between BMI and subcutaneous fat thickness, between BMI and lipids and between lipids and ACI were also analyzed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Cholesterol polyp of the gallbladder showing rapid growth and atypical changes--a case report.

We report on a case of resected cholesterol polyp with typical ultrasonic findings that became atypical, with a 40% increase in diameter, over a period of about 10 months. The resected specimen revealed a black polyp with a large-nodular appearance. The pathological diagnosis was cholesterol polyp with marked glandular proliferation, and the glandular cavity showed cystic dilatations filled with dark brown fluid. It is suspected that the aggregation of large numbers of these dilated glands explained the black color, the rapid growth, and the development leading to the atypical ultrasonic findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A multi-institute case-control study on the risk factors of developing pancreatic cancer.

A multi-institute, hospital-based, case-control study on pancreatic cancer was carried out to examine its association with preceding diseases, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors. Analyses were based on 124 newly diagnosed exocrine pancreatic cancer cases and sex-, age- and institute-matched hospital controls in seven hospitals in Japan. Cigarette smoking showed a positive association with the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Especially among smokers, a risk enhancing effect of involuntary/passive smoking prior to twenty years of age was observed (P < 0.05). No consistent associations were found with coffee, black tea or alcohol consumption. Among dietary factors, favoring food of a salty taste and drinking green tea five cups per day or more were positively associated with the risk. Drinking milk and eating fish everyday were inversely associated with the risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The theory of flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle and their applications in biology and oncology].

The clockwise concept of cell cycle kinetics has changed since molecular biology made rapid advances in this area and added somewhat to cell cycle analysis by DNA histogram. During the last decade, it has been made possible to measure many cell-cycle-regulating gene products flow cytometrically. Application of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to cell cycle analysis contributes to scientific progression in many fields of biology and oncology. In this article, we attempt to summarize the outline of new concepts regarding the cell cycle by means of flow cytometric techniques and to describe their application in biology and oncology. For this purpose, probes, biological differences amongst the dyes used, DNA analysis using DNA histograms and their limitations are explained. Next, new methods to analyse cell cycle kinetics by means of BrdU, Ki-67 antigen, cyclin, etc. discussed. As far as application of flow cytometric cell cycle analysis are concerned, influences of nutrition, growth factors and hormones, relationships between DNA index or cell cycle and the prognosis of patients with cancer, and the effect of anticancer drugs on the cell cycle are discussed. Finally, we emphasize the importance of multiparameter analysis of cell cycle kinetics using flow cytometry.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and characterization of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from horses, and its evaluation as an acute-phase reactive protein in horses.

Equine alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG) was isolated from equine serum by successive ammonium precipitation, anion- and cation-exchange chromatographies, and gel filtration. Purified equine alpha 1AG had a molecular weight of 46,000 +/- 1,000, and contained 31.4% carbohydrate. Gel isoelectric focusing revealed an isoelectric point range of 2.8 to 3.7. With immunoelectrophoresis, it was found that alpha 1AG migrated to the alpha 1-globulin region. Single radial immunodiffusion was used for quantitative measurement of alpha 1AG in equine serum. In clinically normal foals, serum alpha 1AG was undetectable (less than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml) in less than or equal to 7-day-old foals, but was detected by 14 days. The alpha 1AG concentration (mean +/- SD) increased to reach mean adult values of 99.23 +/- 26.90 micrograms/ml by 1 year of age. The alpha 1AG concentration in pregnant mares decreased at 2 to 3 months before parturition, then gradually increased until 1 day after parturition, when a brief decrease was observed. The concentration increased again at 2 weeks after foaling, then a decrease was observed, after which the alpha 1AG concentration increased again by 2 to 4 months after parturition. The concentration of serum alpha 1AG quickly rose to peak values 2 to 3 days after castration and jejunojejunostomy in adult horses, returning to baseline values by 14 to 28 days after surgery. The alpha 1AG was concluded to be an acute-phase reactive protein in horses.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1991

Specific inhibition of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases by herbimycin A in vitro.

Herbimycin A is an antibiotic which reverses transformation caused by various src related oncogenes. The reversion of transformation is restricted to cells transformed by tyrosine kinase coding oncogenes, and accompanies a decrease in kinase activity of the oncogene products. We have shown in vitro that herbimycin A directly inactivates p60v-src kinase by conjugating with SH group(s) of the kinase, raising the possibility that the molecular target of the antibiotic for reversion of v-src transformation is the p60v-src itself. To investigate the relevance of its in vitro tyrosine kinase inactivating activity to in vivo transformation reversing activity, we examined the specificity of herbimycin A for inhibition of cAMP-dependent kinase, protein kinase C and p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase in vitro. Herbimycin A had no inhibitory effect on the activities of cAMP-dependent kinase or protein kinase C, whereas the SH-reagent N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide, which inactivates p60v-crc in vitro by a mechanism similar to that of herbimycin A, blocked the two serine/threonine kinases. On the other hand, the activity of p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase was inhibited by herbimycin A treatment. The results indicate that herbimycin A specifically binds to reactive SH group(s) of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases, and confer the biochemical basis for its selectivity in reversing cell transformation.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of cancer prevention strategies by computerized simulation model: an approach to lung cancer.

A computerized simulation model was developed to evaluate the potential impact of primary and secondary prevention on lung cancer mortality in Japan. The natural history of lung cancer was modeled as a Markovian stochastic process from cancer-free to preclinical, clinical, and finally to terminal states. The increase in mortality rate of lung cancer among males aged 75 to 79 years has been the major force of increase in the total number of lung cancer deaths in Japan. The simulation showed that this tendency would continue until the late 1990s, presumably due to the increase in the proportion of ever-smokers in that cohort, who started smoking at an earlier age than did prior generations. It was shown that the number of lung cancer deaths can be reduced either by smoking cessation or screening programs, and that the reduction is proportional to the increase in the annual smoking-cessation rate and to the annual increment in the screening rate. However, only two to three percent reduction of lung cancer deaths in the year 2001 can be expected when the annual smoking-cessation rate is raised from the current value of 0.46 percent to five percent during the period from 1991 to 2000 or when the screening rate is increased by three percent annually for the same period.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Occupancy of the majority of DNA in the chicken W chromosome by bent-repetitive sequences.

Another family of repetitive sequences, designated the EcoRI family, was found in the DNA of the chicken W chromosome by hybridization with the W chromosome-specific XhoI family probe under conditions of low stringency. A 1.2 kb EcoRI fragment, the major repeating unit of the family, was cloned and sequenced. The 1.2 kb unit showed an overall sequence similarity of about 68% to the 0.7 kb XhoI family repeating unit and it consisted of tandem repeats of average length 21 bp, most of which contained (A)3-5 and (T)3-4 clusters separated by 6-8 G + C-rich sequences. These features and its behavior as a strongly bent molecule in solution were very similar to those found for other W chromosome-specific repetitive sequences in the order Galliformes: XhoI family of chicken, PstI family of turkey and TaqI family of pheasant. The cloned 1.2 kb unit contained 78 CpG dinucleotide sequences and those that were in HapII, HhaI and BstUI sites were shown to be extensively methylated in the genomic DNA. Repetition frequencies of the 1.2 kb unit among the female population of chicken fell into high- and low-level classes, which accounted for about 30% and 10%, respectively, of the DNA in the W chromosome. Thus, 70% to 90% of the DNA in the chicken W chromosome was shown to be occupied by bent-repetitive sequences. The EcoRI and XhoI family sequences were not intermingled over the short range but each family formed a unique domain ranging from one to several million base pairs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Induction of hsp 72/73 by herbimycin A, an inhibitor of transformation by tyrosine kinase oncogenes.

Herbimycin A, which has been known to inactivate and degrade p60v-src tyrosine kinase, induced an elevated synthesis of a protein with a molecular size of 70 kDa in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. This protein showed the same migration distance on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as that of the protein induced in the cells by heat shock treatment, and this 70-kDa protein was identified as a member of the heat shock protein 70 family (hsp70) through immunoprecipitation with anti-hsp72/73 antibody and partial digestion with V8 protease. The induced level of the 70-kDa protein was dependent on the length of period and the concentration of herbimycin A treatment. Cellular fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the 70-kDa protein induced by herbimycin A was localized in the cytoplasm, in contrast to the nuclear distribution of hsp70 induced by heat treatment. Induction of hsp70 by herbimycin A was also observed in several other cells, including HeLa S3 cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts, NIH3T3 cells, and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed NIH3T3 cells.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1991

Reciprocal changes of plasma glucose and ketone bodies in fasted and acutely diabetic rats after CNS stimulation.

To assess the effect of chemical stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS) on ketogenesis, we injected neostigmine (5 x 10(-8)mol) into the third cerebral ventricle in normal rats fasted for 48 h and fed rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 80 mg/kg). The hepatic venous plasma levels of ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate), free fatty acids (FFA), and glucose were measured for 120 min after the injection of neostigmine under pentobarbital anesthesia. In the normal rats, plasma glucose levels were significantly increased but neither ketone bodies nor FFA were affected by CNS stimulation with neostigmine. In contrast the plasma levels of ketone bodies and FFA were significantly increased in STZ-diabetic rats, while glucose levels remained unchanged. The intravenous infusion of somatostatin (1.0 microgram/kg/min) suppressed the increase in plasma ketone bodies following CNS stimulation in STZ-diabetic rats. These findings suggest that CNS stimulation with neostigmine may accelerate ketogenesis by promoting the lipolysis, which may be induced by glucagon, in fed diabetic rats but not in normal fasted rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Periductal lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome with relation to clinical and immunologic findings.

We studied 113 patients who were suspected to have Sjögren's syndrome (SS) because they had dry mouth and dry eyes, and who were determined as not having any other autoimmune disease, to clarify the relationship of periductal lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands to clinical and immunologic findings in relation to SS. Periductal lymphocytic infiltrations were observed in the labial and/or the parotid glands of 57 patients (P-group). The salivary glands of the other 56 patients did not demonstrate obvious histologic changes (N-group). The stimulated salivary flow rate of parotid glands of the patients in both the P- and N-groups was significantly reduced when compared with healthy persons. However, no difference in the flow rate was observed between the P- and N-groups. In contrast, the percentage of patients in the P-group with keratoconjunctivitis sicca was significantly higher than that of patients in the N-group. Percentage of gamma-globulin fraction and IgG level in the sera of the patients in the P-group were both significantly higher than those in the N-group. The percentages of patients who demonstrated the serum rheumatoid factor, anti-SS-A, and anti-SS-B antibodies were also significantly higher in the P-group than in the N-group.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1991

The incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures in a Japanese population, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1958-86.

The incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures (TVF) in a Japanese population of 14,607 individuals from Hiroshima and Nagasaki was determined by sex, age, birth cohort, and exposure to atomic bomb radiation. The diagnosis of TVF was based on lateral chest radiographs made from 1 July 1958 to 28 February 1986. The subjects, who were born between 1880 through 1939, were categorized by sex into 10-year birth cohorts. TVF incidence increased by a factor of 1.7 in all birth cohorts with each 10-year increase in age in females, but did not increase with age in males. The incidence was significantly lower in the younger birth cohorts in both sexes. The incidence declined by a factor of 0.5 in males and 0.6 in females for each 10-year decrease in the year of birth. TVF incidence did not differ between the cities, and no correlation with atomic bomb radiation exposure was demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

DNA analysis of oral leukoplakia by flow cytometry.

DNA ploidy of 19 oral leukoplakias with and without epithelial dysplasia was investigated and the results were compared with 11 normal gingival biopsies, 14 oral benign tumours and 50 oral squamous cell carcinomas. The results suggest a possible relationship between DNA aneuploidy and oral leukoplakias or squamous cell carcinomas, as 32% of the oral leukoplakias and 48% of the oral squamous cell carcinomas were aneuploid although all the normal gingival biopsies and the benign oral tumours examined were diploid. No significant relationship was observed, however, between DNA ploidy and epithelial dysplasia in the leukoplakias.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Virucidal activity and viral protein modification by myeloperoxidase: a candidate for defense factor of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against influenza virus infection.

Influenza virus (IFV) was inactivated by treatment with degranulated fluid (DF) or myeloperoxidase (MPO) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of H2O2. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities of the virus were also reduced by DF treatment. In addition, treatment with DF or MPO in the presence of H2O2 resulted in delayed migration of viral proteins in SDS-PAGE, indicating extensively modified viral proteins. Parallel with this aberrant migration, the radioactivity of each protein band on SDS-PAGE using [35S]methionine-labeled IFV was greatly reduced. Moreover, some of the modified viral protein did not migrate. A small amount of acid-soluble degraded viral peptide was also generated. The modification of the proteins was exhibited in all major viral proteins, including the inner proteins in the envelope. These results suggest that inactivation of IFV and protein modification by DF is due to MPO present in DF.

Cell Degranulation↗
PubMed1991

Serological assessment of chlamydial infection in the koala by a slide EIA technique.

A rapid and simplified slide enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) was developed for the diagnosis of chlamydial infection in the koala. HeLa 229 cells infected with koala strain Chlamydia psittaci were fixed on the surface of multiwell slides and used as the antigen. The assay consisted of first reacting koala antiserum with the fixed C psittaci antigen, followed by reaction with biotinylated rabbit anti-koala IgG, ABC reagent and substrate. The chlamydial EIA antibody titres obtained were compared with those of a complement fixation (CF) test using koala strain C psittaci as antigen. Of 35 koala sera tested, 16 CF positive sera (greater than or equal to 1:8) also had a positive titre (greater than or equal to 1:200) in the slide EIA test (sensitivity 93.8%, 15/16). Nineteen CF negative sera were also negative in the slide EIA (specificity 100%, 19/19). Sixty-eight samples of koala blood were collected by ear-prick using a sampling paper method and were assayed by both tests. Sensitivity of the slide EIA was 100% (15/15) and specificity of the test was 96.2% (51/53). To simplify the slide EIA for use as a practical screening test, a 3-point serum dilution series (1:100, 1:200, 1:400) was used. This 3-point slide EIA was compared with the CF test using sheep strain chlamydial antigen. Thirty-nine sera were assayed by both tests. The sensitivity of the 3-point method was 85.7% (6/7) and the specificity was 71.9% (23/32) as compared with the sheep antigen CF test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗