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Biomedical subjects

S Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Miyazaki.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The conduction velocity of slower and the fastest fibres in infancy and childhood.

Motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was measured in 54 infants of various ages. Conduction velocity of slower fibres was measured using Hopf's technique, and maximal conduction velocity was measured with the usual method. Both maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres increased with maturation. The former was about 65 m/s at the age of about 3-5 years, but thereafter it decreased slightly to about 60 m/s. Conduction velocity of slower fibres increased gradually until about 3 or 4 years of age, and then ranged about 40-50 m/s. The difference between the two velocities increased until 7 or 9 months of age; during the next 8 years, it tended to decrease to about 8-16 m/s. The increasing difference in size between the largest and the smallest myelinated fibres with maturation correlated with the developmental increase of the difference between maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres. The anatomical evidence of the slight decrease of the axon diameter of the large fibres at the age of 7-14 years may correspond to the slight reduction of maximal conduction velocity after about 5 years of age.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Xeroderma pigmentosum: neurological, neurophysiological and morphological studies.

In 3 cases of xeroderma pigmentosum showing signs of peripheral neuropathy, electrophysiological studies were made. In one of them, a sural nerve biopsy was performed. MCV obtained from the lower limbs were moderately reduced in all cases, and SCV could be obtained in only 1 case from the median nerve. Auditory brain stem responses were not obtainable in all cases. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a marked decrease of myelinated fibers and also suggested severe damage in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Teased fiber study showed myelin ovoids and indicated axonal degeneration. Sensory nerves including the acoustic nerve may suffer damage earlier than the motor nerve. In all cases CT scans revealed brain atrophy and thickening of the skull.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Rhythmic alpha discharges in the EEGs of the newborn.

Electroclinical features of neonatal rhythmic alpha discharges were described on the basis of polygraphic recordings from 37 newborns with seizures. The main presumptive etiological factors were perinatal hypoxia, hypocalcemia, purulent meningitis and intracranial hemorrhage. Apneic seizures were most often associated with temporal alpha discharges, whereas clonic seizures were mainly associated with central ones. Sleep cycles were abolished in half of the infants, but in those with sleep cycles, clinical seizures occurred most frequently during active sleep. Alpha discharges occurring during quiet sleep were not associated with clinical fits. The neonates who suffered from perinatal hypoxia and/or intracranial birth injury all developed abnormally, whereas those with hypocalcemia showed the most favorable outcome. Those with other etiologies demonstrated an intermediate prognosis between the two.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1982

Clinical aspect of aortitis syndrome with special reference to the relation between prognosis and hypertension.

The present study was done to investigate the relation between the prognosis and hypertension, especially hypertension due to renal arterial stenosis, atypical coarctation of the aorta and aortic regurgitation in patients with aortitis syndrome. Sixty-five patients including 25 with normotension and 40 with hypertension who were hospitalized during the last 20 years were included in this study. Out of the 40 patients with hypertension, a cause of hypertension was found in 37 patients: renovascular hypertension alone in 13, renovascular hypertension with atypical coarctation in 11, renovascular hypertension and aortic regurgitation in 2, atypical coarctation alone in 5, aortic regurgitation alone in 5 and all of the three in the remaining one. Thirty-two hypertensive patients out of 40 were treated with antihypertensive drugs and the remaining 8 underwent surgical operation (renal vascular repair in 6 and nephrectomy in 2 for relief of hypertension. In the present data, 13 out of 40 patients with hypertension died despite of the treatment, while only one out of 25 patients with normotension died. According to the mortality in each type of cardiovascular lesion, 6 patients died out of 13 with renovascular hypertension alone, 5 patients died out of 11 with renovascular hypertension associated with atypical coarctation and 2 patients with renovascular hypertension associated with aortic regurgitation died. In contrast, there was no death in hypertensive patients with aortic regurgitation alone or atypical coarctation of the aorta alone. These results indicate that hypertension, especially renovascular hypertension is one of the major determinant of the prognosis in the patient with aortitis syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A female case of the Leach-Nyhan syndrome.

The classical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome has the deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity as the result of mutation in the structural gene for the enzyme located on the X chromosome and is believed to be of X-linked recessive or sex-linked mode of inheritance. This is the first report of a girl who showed typical clinical features and biochemical characteristics of the classical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Her mother was not a heterozygote for a deficiency of HGPRT. Possible genetic mechanisms responsible for this case were discussed.

Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase↗
PubMed1982

Indirect macrophage migration inhibition response to 3-M KCl extract of gastric carcinoma.

With the use of indirect macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) test, the MMI response to 3-M KCl extract from gastric carcinoma or adjacent normal tissue was studied in patients with gastric carcinoma, in patients with other types of carcinoma, and in normal controls. The migration index (MI) of less than 75, which was 2 SD below the mean MI of normal controls, was considered positive. Twelve (23%) of 52 patients with gastric carcinoma showed positive response to autologous tumor extract, whereas only 2 (6%) of 35 patients responded to autologous normal tissue extract (P less than 0.03). Positive response to allogeneic gastric carcinoma extract occurred in 4 (9%) of 47 patients with gastric carcinoma and in none of 25 patients with other types of carcinoma. None of 39 patients with gastric carcinoma and 19 patients with nongastric carcinoma responded to allogeneic normal tissue extract. These results appeared to show a lower degree of sensitivity but a relatively higher degree of specificity in the indirect MMI test, as compared to those in the direct leukocyte migration inhibition test, for detection of the cell-mediated immune response to tumor-associated antigens in patients with gastric carcinoma.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗