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Biomedical subjects

S Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Miyazaki.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Depression of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity after surgery.

Effects of surgery on generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mixed cell cultures were studied in patients with various carcinomas, and the results were compared to those in patients with benign lesion. Peripheral mononuclear cells were cultured with the B-lymphoblastoid cell Raji in a mixed culture and the induced cytotoxicity was measured by 51Cr release assay. In 15 patients with various carcinomas, the capacity of peripheral mononuclear cells to generate cytotoxic cells was significantly depressed 1, 3 and 6 days after surgery, as compared to findings before surgery. Preoperative levels were reverted to by the 8th postoperative day. In 8 patients with benign lesion, significant decreases in cytotoxic cell activity were observed 3 and 6 days after operation and, on the 8th postoperative day, there was a significant increase in the generated cytotoxicity, as compared to the preoperative activity. Thus, postoperative depression of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity may affect the host-tumor relationship in patients with carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effect of abdominal pressure on urinary flow rate.

We examined the effect of abdominal pressure on urinary flow rate and urethral closure pressure in 46 subjects, ranging in age from 26 to 82 years. An increase in urinary flow rate caused by abdominal straining was not found when organic obstruction was present in the prostatic urethra in men or the proximal urethra in women, or when dysuria is caused by the lowered detrusor pressure. An increase in urinary flow rate caused by straining was noted when anterior urethral stricture or stress incontinence was present. The increase in urinary flow rate owing to straining was undetermined in the control group. The urethral closure pressure on the anti-stress incontinence zone increased as a result of straining at the same time and to the same degree as did the intravesical pressure. When the anti-stress incontinence zone was subjected to transurethral resection for canal formation urination became possible as a result of straining. The patients who were able to urinate with straining sometimes suffered temporary stress incontinence. The degree of straining did not determine whether the patient could urinate with straining. Therefore, it was concluded that abdominal pressure should be excluded from intravesical pressure in performing several urodynamic studies on the lower urinary tract, such as pressure flow studies, and that it is important to have a sufficient canal formation in the anti-stress incontinence zone when urination with straining is expected when performing an operation on patients with urethral obstruction in the anti-stress incontinence zone.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy in a newborn.

A case of infantile neuropathy with signs of respiratory distress and impaired abdominal movements from the neonatal period was reported. Muscle biopsy revealed type II fiber predominance and atrophy, and the sural nerve biopsy demonstrated the absence of myelin in almost all of the axons. Onion bulb formation or myelin debris was not observed. The features of myelin deficit without active myelin breakdown and onion bulb formation, and the finding of muscle pathology, indicating the absence of spinal muscular atrophy, suggested that the case under study was identical to that of hypomyelination neuropathy.

Axons↗
PubMed1983

Lithium therapy for cyclic neutropenia in children.

2 children with cyclic neutropenia were treated with lithium carbonate. In one patient, fever and stomatitis were ameliorated, but the duration of neutropenia was increased and parotitis occurred. In another patient, aphthous stomatitis disappeared but fever persisted. The duration of neutropenia was prolonged and submaxillaritis and sinusitis occurred. Thus, lithium administration may lead to complications when the duration of neutropenia is prolonged. We recommend discontinuation of the drug, even in the presence of amelioration of symptoms.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1983

Effects of altered extracellular and intracellular calcium concentration on hyperpolarizing responses of the hamster egg.

Upon fertilization the hamster egg shows transient, periodic hyperpolarizing responses (h.r.s) due to a Ca-activated K conductance; these are superimposed on a gradual, hyperpolarizing shift of the resting potential (h.s.) (Miyazaki & Igusa, 1981a, 1982a). The h.r.s and h.s. were further analysed by changing external divalent cations or by injection of Ca2+ into the egg, to study the mechanisms of the increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The series of h.r.s was abolished by the removal of external Ca2+. The frequency of the h.r. was decreased by lowering the [Ca2+]o or by adding Mn2+ or Co2+, and it was increased by raising the [Ca2+]o in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The h.r. frequency was decreased on sustained depolarization with steady current, and increased on hyperpolarization. In contrast to the h.r. frequency, the amplitude, conductance increase and reversal potential of each h.r. were little affected by [Ca2+]o, Mn2+ or Co2+. The h.s. was decreased by lowering the [Ca2+]o, by adding Mn2+ or Co2+, or by injection of EGTA. The h.s. may reflect continuous Ca influx stimulating a Ca-activated K conductance (GK). In unfertilized eggs a regenerative h.r. was induced by Ca injection with an apparent threshold. The relationship between GK and the injected Ca2+ showed a steep jump at the critical current, associated with a four-fold increase in GK. The regenerative h.r. was followed by a refractory period of 1-2 min. In inseminated eggs the periodic sperm-mediated h.r.s. (s.-h.r.s) were interrupted by interposed h.r.(s) induced by Ca injection(s): the periodicity of s.-h.r.s was reset by Ca-induced h.r. In inseminated eggs the regenerative h.r. was induced by Ca injection with a much smaller pulse than necessary in unfertilized eggs. The refractory period was shortened to 40-50 sec, comparable to the period of s.-h.r.s. In inseminated eggs periodic h.r.s similar to s.-h.r.s were produced by continuous, repetitive injections of Ca2+ with constant pulses. The frequency of these h.r.s was dependent on the injection current. It is concluded that each h.r. indicates an enhancement of the increase in [Ca2+]i, probably the result of Ca-induced Ca release from intracellular stores. A possible mechanism for periodic increase in [Ca2+]i reflected in s.-h.r.s is proposed, based on a linkage of the continuous Ca influx to Ca release.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Periodic hyperpolarizing responses in hamster and mouse eggs fertilized with mouse sperm.

1. The zona-free hamster egg allows multiple entries of heterologous as well as homologous sperm. The hamster egg inseminated with mouse sperm (M x H egg) showed recurring, transient hyperpolarizing responses (h.r.s) with the peak of -70 to -80 mV. They were superimposed on a hyperpolarizing shift of the resting potential (h.s.) which gradually reached -60 mV in 50 min after insemination.2. Unlike the hamster sperm, the cessation of flagellar motion of the first mouse sperm (;1-stop') failed to induce the first h.r. but produced only a small hyperpolarizing ;step' of 3-7 mV. Similar steps occurred for each of additional sperm with a one-to-one correspondence, 4-50 sec ahead of the cessation of sperm motion.3. In M x H eggs, the h.r. first appeared about 15 min after the ;1-stop'. The intervals of the h.r.s thereafter were in the range between 2-10 min, in contrast to 30-45 sec in hamster eggs inseminated with hamster sperm (H x H eggs).4. The h.r.s in M x H eggs were abolished by intracellular injection of EGTA, suggesting that they were caused by periodic increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) as in H x H eggs.5. The gradual h.s. in M x H eggs was considered to be due mainly to an increase in Ca-independent K permeability, since the resting potential beyond -60 mV at 50-70 min after insemination was changed by only 3-5 mV on the removal of Cl ions and on EGTA injection.6. Histological observations revealed that the resumption of the second meiosis, the indication of egg activation, is delayed in M x H eggs by about 15 min, compared with that in H x H eggs. There was a good correlation between the delay of activation and that of the occurrence of the first h.r.7. In M x H eggs, the probability of egg activation within 70 min was dependent on the number of sperm penetrations: 90% for more than ten sperm while 20-30% for less than five sperm. Eggs in which sperm penetration was not followed by activation showed no h.r.s.8. The mouse egg inseminated with mouse sperm showed small h.r.s (3-4 mV) superimposed on the h.s. from -35 to -55 mV in 50 min after insemination. Both h.r.s and h.s. were associated with an increase in the membrane conductance. The h.s. was considered to be due mainly to a Ca-independent increase in K permeability.9. Iontophoretic injection of Ca(2+) into the unfertilized mouse egg could not increase the K conductance with injection currents up to 4 nA. However, the h.r.s were suggested to be resulted from a periodic increase in [Ca(2+)](i), since they were abolished by injection of EGTA.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pulmonary hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis and hepatitis-B antigenemia.

An autopsy case of pulmonary hypertension in a 29-year-old Japanese female with macronodular, posthepatic liver cirrhosis and hepatitis-B antigenemia was presented. No recognizable known cardio-pulmonary disease or portal thrombosis was obtained. Hepatitis-B antigen was demonstrated in the cirrhotic hepatocytes by a specific peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Characteristic pulmonary arterial changes including plexiform lesions with varying developmental stages were widely observed throughout the lungs. Complication of these two distinct disease processes seems to be rarely encountered in the literature. Discussion was focused on the possible interrelationship between the liver cirrhosis with hepatitis-B antigenemia and pulmonary hypertension. Proposed were presumptive underlying humoral, particularly immunological, abnormalities common to these diseases rather than mere incidental complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Diabetic gangrene in Japan: analysis of 487 cases.

Diabetic gangrene was thought of as a rather rare complication in Japan. Since the first report in 1917, only 16 cases were reported up to 1945. However, the number of reports increased rapidly in the manner of a geometric series after 1965. Sex and age distributions of the syndrome in Japan corresponded closely with those of Western countries. A distinct tendency in the inducement of gangrene was found, i.e. thermal trauma had preceded 43.6% of the cases. This might be the result of the local habit of warming the feet using hot-water bottles or foot warmers. The number of patients with normal pulses in the affected extremities in Japan was distinctly higher compared with that reported in Western countries. But functional and morphological changes in large peripheral vessels were frequently demonstrated when more detailed examinations were conducted. The cause for the rapid increase in the incidence of diabetic gangrene has not been elucidated, but changes in lifestyle may be partly responsible. The most conspicuous change was the increase in meat and fat intake during the 1960's. The changes in total calorie, total protein or sugar intake over this period were inconspicuous. Changes in dietary habits seem to be responsible, but further research will be necessary to clarify the details.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Depression of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by suppressor cells after surgery.

The effects of surgical operation on the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mixed cell cultures were studied in patients with various carcinomas or benign lesions. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients were cultured with B lymphoblastoid cell line Raji in mixed culture, and the induced cytotoxicity was measured by 51Cr release assay. In 15 patients with various carcinomas, the capacity of cells to generate cytotoxic cells was significantly depressed 1, 3 and 6 days after surgery, as compared to that before surgery. It returned to the pre-operative level by the 8th post-operative day. In eight patients with benign lesions, significant decrease in cytotoxic cell activity was observed 3 and 6 days after operation. At the 8th day, however, there was a significant increase in the generated cytotoxicity. The depressed generation of cytotoxic cells 3 days after surgery could be abrogated by removal of adherent cells from the responding cell population. This effect could be partially reconstituted by addition of separated, autologous adherent cells back to the responding non-adherent cell culture. These results demonstrate that suppressor cells, presumably monocytes, may be responsible for the depressed generation of cytotoxic cells after surgery.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative double-blind study of cefroxadine and cephalexin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection].

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and utility of cefroxadine (CXD) for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, a double blind study comparing CXD with cephalexin (CEX) was carried out. Patient received either 1,500 mg/day of CXD 3 times a day, or 2,000 mg/day of CEX 4 times a day for 5 days by oral route, and the following results were obtained. Of the 305 patients, clinical efficacies were evaluated in 220 cases (CXD 105 cases, CEX 115 cases) except that excluded or dropped out. Side effect was evaluated in 301 cases (CXD 150 cases, CEX 151 cases). There was no statistically significant difference in the back ground characteristics between the 2 groups. Overall clinical assessment by the committee according to the "Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents on Urinary Tract Infection" patients evaluated as better than "good" were 64 of 105 (61.0%) for CXD and 75 of 115 (65.2%) for CEX. The difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. In effect on pyuria, patients evaluated as better than "decreased" were 58 of 105 (55.2%) for CXD and 69 of 115 (60.0%) for CEX. The difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. In effect of bacteriuria, patients evaluated as better than "decreased" were 57 of 105 (54.3%) for CXD and 69 of 115 (60.0%) for CEX. The difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. Analyses were stratified according to classification by the type of infection, diagnosis, degree of pyuria before treatment, and bacterial count before treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment groups as to any item. In evaluation by attending physician, patients evaluated as better than "good" were 81 of 140 (57.9%) for CXD, and 85 of 141 (60.3%) for CEX. Statistically significant difference was not observed between the 2 groups. In drug usefulness by attending physician, patients evaluated as better than "usefulness" were 106 of 140 (75.7%) for CXD, and 109 of 141 (77.3%) for CEX. The difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. In evaluation of the infections with sensitive species to both CXD and CEX by the committee according to "Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents on Urinary Tract Infections, overall clinical efficacies were evaluated in 102 (CXD 48 cases, CEX 54 cases) which were infected with sensitive species. There was no statistically significant difference in the back ground characteristics between the 2 treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Cerebellopontile angle epidermoid presenting as hemifacial spasm].

A rare case of CP angle epidermoid presenting as hemifacial spasm was reported. The patient was a 48-year-old woman with left hemifacial spasm of 4 years duration. Preoperative CT films showed some low density area in the left CP angle, however, this finding was thought to be within normal variation. The diagnosis of CP angle epidermoid was made at the time of craniectomy aimed for microvascular decompression. The epidermoid was extending from the lower cranial nerves up to the midbrain level and successfully removed with the same craniectomy opening. Postoperative follow up during 16 months period disclosed complete disappearance of hemifacial spasm and no other neurological deficit. So far, the authors have experienced 425 cases of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and there was only 1 case in whom a CP angle epidermoid was found (0.24%). A review of the literature revealed that hemifacial spasm due to CP angle epidermoid was very rare (1.2%). It was also reported that if there is CP angle epidermoid, hemifacial spasm may appear in the incidence of 7.7-10%. A possibility of CP angle epidermoid should be kept in mind when performing microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm particularly in younger patients.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[NK activity, TCGF production and generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in spleen cells from gastric cancer patients].

The in vitro cell-mediated immune reactivities of mononuclear cells separated from spleen (SPL) of gastric cancer patients were studied and, these were compared to those of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) from the same patient. The level of NK activity of SPL was slightly higher than that of PBL (p less than 0.2, by paired t test), as measured by 51Cr release assay using K562 cells as target. TCGF preparations, generated in cultures of PHA stimulated SPL or PBL, were also compared by quantitative assay. SPL produced in significantly larger amounts than PBL (p less than 0.05). Then, the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mixed cell culture was investigated in both cell populations. When these cells were cultured with B-lymphoblastoid cell line Raji, SPL had much more capacity to generate cytotoxic cells, compared to PBL (p less than 0.1). Moreover, SPL had significantly increased ability of induce concomitant cytotoxicity during sensitizing to normal allogeneic PBL in mixed lymphocyte culture as compared to PBL (p less than 0.005). These results appeared to demonstrate that SPL from gastric cancer patients had much more increased in vitro cell-mediated reactivities, when compared to those of PBL from these patients.

Cells, Cultured↗