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Biomedical subjects

S Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Miyazaki.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Transference of antibiotics into prostatic tissues: sampling method by transurethral resection for the measurement of the concentration of antibiotics in prostatic tissue].

The transeference of two antibiotics, i.e. cefmetazole (CMZ) and fosfomycin (FOM), into prostatic tissues was examined. Prostatic tissue samples were obtained from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia while undergoing open prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). 2 g of CMZ or 4 g of FOM was intravenously administered within about 10 minutes starting 1 hour before the removal or resection of the prostate, and blood samples were collected at the end of the administration and during surgery. In TUR-P, resected prostatic tissues were washed with the TUR perfusate and the antibiotic in the tissue was presumed to be released into the perfusate. The following preliminary experiments were, therefore, carried out. The removed prostate was divided into three segments, i.e. urethral region, central region and capsular region, and the CMZ or FOM level in each tissue was measured. The remaining tissues were cut into small pieces for immersion in the TUR perfusate for 10-90 minutes. The tissue fragments were removed every 10 minutes to measure the tissue concentration of CMZ or FOM. The concentration of CMZ or FOM in the prostatic tissues did not vary among the three regions, however it markedly decreased with increase in the period of immersion. This suggested that the concentration of these agents into the prostatic tissues was represented by the concentration in the tissues near the urethra obtained immediately after the start of TUR-P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Rat bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis. VI. The influence of chemically altered antigen.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) used to incite chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis in rats was chemically modified to study the effect of antigenic alteration. The BSA was used in its native form (n-BSA) as well as anionic (a-BSA), cationic (c-BSA) or glycosylated (g-BSA) forms. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) preimmunized 8 weeks earlier received daily intravenous injections of the respective BSA preparations for the ensuing 3 weeks. Histological examination of their kidneys revealed that c-BSA given for 2 weeks induced a severe diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and profound proteinuria. Electron-dense deposits localized preferentially in the subepithelial spaces of renal glomeruli from these rats, but a few in the mesangia. Quite differently, rats receiving n-BSA or g-BSA developed a less severe form of glomerulonephritis even after 3 weeks of injections. Besides the massive mesangial deposits, the subepithelial deposits were conspicuous in the glomeruli from rats given g-BSA for 2 weeks, but deposition in glomerular capillaries was rare in rats given n-BSA for the same duration. In contrast, the administration of a-BSA resulted in minimal abnormalities visible by light microscopy and a few immune deposits in the mesangia even at the third week. The antibody response in rats given c-BSA or a-BSA was apparently different from n-BSA treated rats. The present study shows the important role of the antigen's electric charge in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritis. The foregoing results also foster our proposal that the carbohydrate content of the antigen influences the development of this renal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bilateral innervation of the superior oblique muscle by the trochlear nucleus.

Trochlear motoneurons and their axons were labeled by applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution to the transected trochlear nerve stump in the orbit of cats and rabbits. Although almost all labeled neurons were on the contralateral trochlear nucleus about 5% of them and their axons were on the ipsilateral side. These findings confirmed that the superior oblique muscle was innervated partially by a small number of ipsilateral trochlear nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Location of motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus and the course of their axons in the oculomotor nerve.

Subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus, and the course of axons in the brainstem and more peripherally in the oculomotor nerve of the cat, were studied by directly applying horseradish peroxidase solution to the transected nerve-branch stump in the orbit. The medial rectus subdivision consisted of two subgroups, and intermingling between subdivisions was found. About 20% of the motoneurons controlling the medial rectus muscle were scattered in the medial longitudinal fasciculus or a more ventrolateral area. A few motoneurons controlling the inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscle were also located in the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Axons to the superior branch that supplied the superior rectus and levator muscle coursed in the dorsolateral half of the oculomotor nerve. In contrast, those to the medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles were scattered diffusely in the oculomotor nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Granulocyte adhesion to nephritic glomeruli through recognition of activated C4 and C3 in immune deposits.

Sections of rat kidney with bovine serum albumin nephritis were incubated either with a single component of complement or with several components in sequence and then reacted with granulocytes. The average number of granulocytes bound to a nephritic glomerulus was elevated in sections incubated with C4 or C3 and increases were most significant when C14, C142 or C1423 were incubated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

High doses of gamma globulin and methylprednisolone therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children.

In four children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), high doses of gamma globulin or methylprednisolone were effective in increasing platelet counts transiently, yet there was no quantitative relationship between the platelet responses to these two therapies. This finding suggests a qualitative difference in the mechanisms of increasing platelets by the two drugs. High doses of gamma globulin and methylprednisolone showed a synergistic effect on the initial and maximal platelet responses, suggesting an intensification of the effect of gamma globulin by methylprednisolone. This combination therapy should be clinically useful, particularly in the control of acute haemorrhage or in preparations for emergency surgery.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Modification of pacing-induced alterations in diastolic properties of the regional myocardium by nifedipine in patients with coronary artery disease.

The effects of nifedipine on regional dysfunction during pacing-induced ischemia were studied in eight patients with coronary artery disease. Single-plane left ventriculograms were obtained using a high-fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in the control and post-pacing periods both before and after pretreatment with nifedipine. All patients developed typical anginal pain during pacing tachycardia before but not after pretreatment with nifedipine. After pacing, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP) increased from 10 +/- 5 (SD) mmHg to 23 +/- 9 mmHg (P less than 0.01) with enlargement of the end-diastolic volume (EDV). The ejection fraction (EF) was reduced from 66 +/- 10% to 54 +/- 13% (P less than 0.05). With nifedipine, a post-pacing increase in EDP was markedly attenuated together with a 17% reduction in left ventricular systolic pressure (P less than 0.05). The regional myocardial function was expressed by a radial coordinate system with its origin at the center of gravity of the end-diastolic contour. Two representative radial grids for normal and ischemic segments were selected. In the normal segment, the end-diastolic length (EDL) was augmented by 14% (from 26.1 +/- 5.2 mm to 29.7 +/- 6.1 mm, P less than 0.01) associated with a 23% increase in stroke excursion (P less than 0.05) with pacing stress. In the ischemic segments, EDL remained unchanged in the post-pacing beat but stroke excursion was significantly reduced (from 11.4 +/- 5.2 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.8 mm, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

In vitro characteristics of rat mesangial cells in comparison with aortic smooth muscle cells and dermal fibroblasts.

Rat glomerular mesangial cells were cultured and their antigens were compared with those of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and dermal fibroblasts. Glomeruli, aortic, and dermal explants were cultured for 3 weeks and subcultured in the same conditions. These cultured cells were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence studies using antibodies against Thy-1 antigen, desmin, and chicken gizzard actin. Most of mesangial cells were positive for Thy-1, desmin, and actin. On the other hand, fibroblasts were negative for desmin, and smooth muscle cells stained Thy-1 scarcely, and were negative for desmin. In the latter two cells, actin-positive fibrils were thinner and fainter than mesangial cells. These results indicated that mesangial cells could be distinguished in vitro from vascular smooth cells and fibroblasts by immunofluorescence microscopy.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Aicardi syndrome. Report of 6 cases and a review of Japanese literature.

This report presents 6 cases of Aicardi syndrome (infantile spasms, agenesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinopathy), and a review of Japanese literature. Two patients developed Lennox-Gastaut syndrome following infantile spasms. Visual evoked potential was examined in every case with binocular and monocular flash stimulations. Normal response was obtained in 5 cases, and no response in 1. Auditory brainstem response was examined in 2 cases. Central conduction time was prolonged in 1 case.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1985

Changes in diastolic properties of the regional myocardium during pacing-induced ischemia in human subjects.

Mechanisms related to alterations in the diastolic properties of the left ventricle during angina were studied in seven patients with coronary artery disease. Single plane left ventriculograms were obtained using a high fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in both the resting state and immediately after rapid cardiac pacing. In all patients, typical anginal pain developed with pacing stress. After atrial pacing, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased from 10 +/- 3 to 21 +/- 7 mm Hg (+/- standard deviation) (p less than 0.005) regardless of the changes in the end-diastolic volume. The ejection fraction was reduced from 59 +/- 10 to 48 +/- 13% (p less than 0.05). The diastolic pressure-volume curves shifted upward in post-pacing beats in four patients, while in three the curves shifted more to the right. The regional myocardial function was expressed in quantitative terms by a radial coordinate system with the origin at the center of gravity of the end-diastolic silhouette. Two representative radial grids for normal and ischemic segments were selected. In the normal segment, the end-diastolic length was augmented by 15% (p less than 0.005) and was associated with a 24% increase in stroke excursion with pacing stress (p less than 0.05). The increase in diastolic pressure was accompanied by comparable increases in end-diastolic length, and the diastolic pressure-length relation moved up to the higher portion of the single curve. In the ischemic segment, the end-diastolic length remained unchanged in the post-pacing beat, but segment shortening was significantly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Effect of implanted ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer matrices containing 5-fluorouracil on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

The antitumour activity of ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVAl) copolymer matrices containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. A prolongation of the life-span of tumour-bearing mice following intraperitoneal implantation of therapeutic matrices was noted. These results indicated that EVAl matrices containing 5-FU may be effective in cancer chemotherapy. Matrices composed of EVAl copolymer could be useful vehicles for implanted, inserted, or surface-applied delivery systems for anticancer agents.

Animals↗