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Biomedical subjects

S Mayer

Publications and source records attributed to S Mayer.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Hemoglobin A1c and its variations in pregnancy].

Variations in haemoglobin A1c were studied at different stages of pregnancy in 306 non-diabetic women, using a specific method. It was found that HbA1c levels progressively decreased during the first 25 weeks of pregnancy, then remained stable. No correlation was noted between carbohydrate metabolis and Hb A1c levels. The new assay provides additional information on glucose tolerance in pregnant women and could be used to detect gestational diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunomodulating effects of a short-term oral treatment with C 1821 in untreated cancer patients: a controlled study.

C 1821 is a purified glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 2 with a molecular weight of about 350,000. It enhances immune responses in animals when given orally and the oral route of administration is devoided of any toxicity even in humans. The present controlled trial showed that C 1821 given per os at the single daily dose of 4 mg for 14 days in untreated cancer patients (mostly lymphomas) significantly enhanced delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to recall antigens using the Multitest system (7 antigens). It also increased basal levels of lymphocyte cAMP and particularly of cGMP which were decreased in these patients. When incubated in vitro with lymphocytes from either normal controls or patients, C 1821 showed a dose-dependent stimulation of cAMP synthesis which was more pronounced in patients than in controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Alterations of peripheral blood lymphocyte cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in untreated patients with hodgkin's disease.

Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are important regulatory agents of lymphocyte functions. Depressed T-lymphocyte functions are frequently associated with Hodgkin's disease and suppressor monocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this defect. In the present study cAMP and cGMP resting levels were measured in lymphocytes from 18 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. A significant decrease of cAMP (P less than 0.001) and, to a lesser degree, of cGMP (P less than 0.01) was found in monocyte-depleted lymphocyte suspensions from the patients compared to controls. Studies of patient and control lymphocyte subpopulations showed in patients a clear deficit of cAMP in T-depleted lymphocytes, rather than in T cells, with a low cAMP/cGMP molar ratio in both subpopulations. From this data it is clear that factors other than prostaglandin-mediated suppression of monocyte origin are involved in the pathogenesis of the T-lymphocyte depression associated with Hodgkin's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Preparation of leukocyte-poor erythrocyte concentrates using a simple aspiration technic].

Depletion of leukocytes from red blood cells can prevent transfusion reactions in HLA-sensitized patients. We describe a simple technique of aspiration of the buffy-coat after centrifugation of red blood cells concentrates, less than 6 days old. This method can remove 87% of the leukocytes. The average leukocyte count after aspiration is 2 x 10(8). This method is inexpensive and does not require any special equipment.

Blood Sedimentation↗
PubMed1983

Transfer of anti-HLA-DR antibodies from the mother to the child. Are DR antigens expressed on the placenta?

Materno-foetal transfer of anti-HLA-DR antibodies was studied in 7 women. In 6 cases, the antibody was induced by the current pregnancy and in one case, it was a residual antibody from a previous pregnancy. When the maternal antibody was induced by the current pregnancy, no anti-DR antibody was detected in the child. When the antibody was residual, it was weakly present in the child. A comparison was made between the materno-foetal transfer of anti-HLA-A,B,C antibodies and that of anti-DR antibodies. Anti-HLA-DR antibody placental absorption suggested that the corresponding antigens were expressed on certain placenta cells.

Female↗
PubMed1982

[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Treatment by intravenous transfusion of polyvalent immunoglobulins].

Thirteen patients (2 children and 11 adults) with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were treated with high doses of human immunoglobulins intravenously (0.4 g/kg bodyweight/day for 5 days). The platelet count rose sharply in 11 patients, with considerable individual variations in terms of maximum count achieved and delay as well as duration of response. Only two adult patients refractory to previous treatments failed to show any significant response. Complete correction of platelet counts was observed in the two children, whereas most adult patients showed incomplete and transient response. No difference was observed between splenectomized and non splenectomized patients. Survival of 111 Indium-labelled autologous platelets was studied in 2 patients after correction of platelet count and was still found shortened. Circulating immune complexes, when present, were not modified by immunoglobulin infusions. In all patients a significant reduction of the fourth component of serum complement was noted after treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

HLA antigens and primary bronchial carcinoma.

A comparative study of HLA, A, and B antigens frequency was undertaken on patients with primary bronchial carcinoma. A prospective study was carried out on 103 patients admitted for the first time to the hospital, and a retrospective study was done on 53 patients who survived at least five years. Forty-seven patients died early while on the prospective study. The results show an increased frequency of B12 antigen both in patients of the prospective study and the retrospective study. This would suggest that the increase is associated with susceptibility to the disease rather than resistance to it. There was no finding in favor of an association between a HLA antigen and survival.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Lymphocytotoxic and monocytotoxic antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients.

Serum cold cytotoxic antibodies (CA), detected at 15 degrees C using a microcytotoxicity technique, were present in 12 of 21 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, weak or absent in 6 neurological patients without MS and present but weak in 5 out of 32 healthy controls. In MS, these cold CA were directed against 3 distinct cellular populations: total lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes; certain antibody tests were positive at 37 degrees C; no correlation between CA and clinical disease was observed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody levels were high in both MS and non-MS patients and at 37 degrees C produced lysis of monocytes in the absence of complement. These antibodies may be normal CSF constituents. Our results suggest that there may be 3 different antibodies and that they may play a role in immunomodulation, especially in MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia segregates independently of Ss and Duffy systems and the A, B, C, factor B, C2 and C4 loci of the HLA complex.

Two patients with type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and 20 kindred of these patients belonging to 2 families of the Manouches gipsy tribe have been studied. Quantitative measurements of platelet membrane glycoproteins GP IIb and GP IIIa have made it possible to classify the patients into normal, thrombasthenic or carriers of the thrombasthenic abnormality. We have examined several red cell alloantigens and antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. These studies have shown that: 1) type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GP IIb and IIIa abnormality) segregates independently of Ss and Fy systems and the A, B, C, Bf, C2 and C4 loci of the HLA complex; 2) a rare hemolytically inactive C4 variant segregates in these families but is not associated with the GP IIb and IIIa abnormality.

Blood Platelet Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Expression of HLA antigens on leukaemia cells.

Virus infected cells can carry HLA antigens not demonstrated in uninfected cells. In a wider context, it is known that tumour cells in the mouse can exhibit H2-like antigens of foreign haplotypes which they resemble. Our aim was to investigate, using an absorption method, the HLA antigens of ten leukaemic cells and to compare these results with those of normal lymphocytes. The following sera was used for absorption: anti-B5 serum, anti-B7 serum, anti-B12 serum. These sera were absorbed on the ten leukaemic cells and fifteen healthy lymphocytes. An anti-A1 + B8 serum and an anti-A2 serum were absorbed on the ten leukaemic cells, but there was not enough serum to carry out the similar absorption with the healty lymphocytes. Two points emerged from these results. (1) Leukaemia cells absorbed anti-HLA antibodies as effectively as healthy lymphocytes when the cells carried the antigen corresponding to the serum specificity. The curves obtained with leukaemia cells were comparable to those of healthy cells. (2) When the cells were not carriers of the antigens corresponding to the antibody's specificity, leukaemia cells were also capable of absorbing antibodies, unlike healthy lymphocytes which had no or poor absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

HLA antigens in discoid lupus erythematosus.

HLA-A, B, C and Bf typing was performed in 55 cases of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE). When both the sex and age of the patient at the onset of the disease were taken into consideration (group I under 40 years, group II over 40), the following increases in antigen frequency were observed: group I: A2 in women, B5, A10 in men; group II: Aw19.2 in women, B8 in both sexes. Nevertheless, if the probability is multiplied by the number of antigens tested, these results are no longer significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Auer bodies and Ph1 chromosome: chronic myeloid pseudoleukemia?].

In 4 cases, the probable diagnosis was that of a chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in a blast crisis, because of the sudden acute onset and the presence of the Ph 1 chromosome. In each case, however, there were Auer bodies in the blasts, an unusual finding in CML. Cytological and cytochemical examination led respectively to the diagnosis of an M2 acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), according to the FAB classification, to that of a pre-leukaemia progressing to an M2 AML, to that of a M3 promyelocyte leukaemia, with numerous monocytes and finally, in one case, the diagnosis lay between a possible acute crisis of CML with Auer bodies or an acute myelo-monocyte leukaemia. These atypical findings did not conform to the classic picture of CML and cannot be classified as such in spite of the presence of the Ph 1 chromosome. To consider them as true CML would be to run a risk of distorting the haematological evolutive and therapeutic aspects of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Frequencies of HLA-A, C and Bf antigens in schizophrenic patients originated from Alsace (author's transl)].

A comparison of the frequency of HLA-A, B, C and Bf antigens observed in a group of 75 chronic schizophrenics and in a control group of 184, all strictly from Alsace, does not carry any argument in favour of a strong genetic association between schizophrenia and the antigens studied. In effect, the modifications observed in the schizophrenic sample--decrease in the frequency of A10 and B5 antigens, and increase of A29 and BfF--are not statistically significant when the probabilities are multiplied by the number of tested antigens. These preliminary results however do not permit to exclude the possibility of an association between schizophrenia and the tested antigens.

Adolescent↗