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Biomedical subjects

S Martinez

Publications and source records attributed to S Martinez.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prevalence of positive epicutaneous tests among infants, children, and adolescents.

We studied 314 otherwise healthy children younger than 18 years of age with epicutaneous testing, and found that 20% of those tested had at least one positive epicutaneous test result. Neomycin, nickel, and potassium dichromate were the most prevalent allergens detected in our study group. We found that sensitization occurred at less than 5 years of age for all but fragrance allergens. Aluminum chambers and the American Academy of Dermatology Patch Test Kit were found to be safe for use in infants, children, and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Calcification of entheses associated with X-linked hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.

We undertook a retrospective analysis of 26 patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (or rickets), whose ages ranged from 1 to 62 years and who were from 11 different kindreds, to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of a unique disorder of the entheses (tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules). We found a generalized involvement of the entheses, with exuberant calcification of tendon and ligament insertions and of joint capsules, in 69 per cent of the subjects. The prevalence and extent of disease increased with age but were not correlated with sex. Commonly affected sites included the hand and sacroiliac joints. Histologic evaluation in a selected patient revealed intratendinous lamellar bone but no inflammatory cells. Our observations indicate that this disorder is an integral part of X-linked hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and exhibits clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics that differentiate it from degenerative disorders of these tissues and seronegative spondyloarthropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Sternal malformation/vascular dysplasia association.

Sternal defects associated with superficial craniofacial vascular lesions are rare. We report on two additional patients with a sternal cleft and cutaneous, craniofacial hemangiomata to emphasize that this unusual combination of findings represents a recognizable sternal malformation/vascular dysplasia association. In addition, internal vascular lesions were also identified in these individuals, in one instance involving the upper respiratory tract and in the other the viscera. Although the pathogenesis of these findings is unclear, an early disturbance affecting midline mesodermal structures leading to lack of complete fusion of lateral sternal bands and overlying cutaneous tissue, or deficient formation of a proposed medioventral unpaired structure which may be involved in the formation of the sternum, and persistence and proliferation of midline angioblastic tissue may be possible mechanisms during the sixth to ninth gestational weeks. To date, all but one of the 15 known cases have been sporadic and no teratogen has been identified as a cause for these clinical manifestations. The presence of this association should signal the need to search for potentially life-threatening internal hemangiomata.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bilateral avulsion fractures of the anterior superior iliac spines in sprinters.

Three cases of bilateral pelvic avulsion fractures in adolescent sprinters are reviewed. An-acute avulsion fracture of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) occurred during active running in three teenaged sprinters. Radiography confirmed a healed fracture of the contralateral ASIS. The clinical features and radiologic appearances are characteristic. The pathophysiology of this type of unique pediatric fracture is discussed. Conservative treatment is successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Interhemispheric collaboration in response to simultaneous bilateral input.

Two experiments tested whether processing is speeded when inputs are divided between the hemispheres rather than projected to a single hemisphere. Bilateral (bihemispheric) vs unilateral (single hemisphere) word pairs were tachistoscopically presented. Subjects responded when the words semantically matched. Irrespective of distance, visual angle and compatibility with reading biases, bilateral/bihemispheric performance was as fast as the better of the two individual unilateral/single hemisphere conditions and faster than their average. This pattern occurred only at the beginning of each experiment. With practice, performance significantly improved in the single but not the bihemispheric conditions. The excellent initial performance during the bihemispheric condition and its lack of improvement with practice are discussed with reference to models of interhemispheric collaboration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of Hexabrix and Renografin-60 in knee arthrography.

Forty patients were randomized in a double-blind study to compare the safety and diagnostic quality of Hexabrix vs. Renografin-60 without epinephrine in knee arthrography. Hexabrix is a monoacidic dimer of meglumine and sodium salts of ioxaglic acid with a lower osmolality than conventional contrast agents of similar concentration (32% iodine). Initial films were of equally high diagnostic quality for both groups, but delayed films at 20 and 30 min significantly favored Hexabrix for diagnostic quality. Hexabrix proved to be a safe and effective contrast agent for knee arthrography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Is there a subgroup of hyperkinetic children with emotional disorders? Results of a pilot study].

Child psychiatric classification systems make no provision for a regular association between the Hyperkinetic Syndrome and emotional disorders. However, such an association could be demonstrated in 9.3% of 464 in- and outpatients seen at our child psychiatric unit for treatment of hyperkinesis. Based on the differences found between the subjects with both the Hyperkinetic Syndrome and emotional problems and those without emotional problems, four pathogenetic models were discussed. An experimental design is proposed for hypothesis testing.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

[Combined treatment of autism].

In this detailed case report we describe the inpatient treatment of an eight-year-old boy with infantile autism. A multiple modality approach was used that included holding therapy as recommended by Prekop (1983), educational therapy and lithium treatment. The aim of holding was two-fold: to achieve interpersonal contact with the child and to improve his ability to concentrate on learning tasks. The educational therapy also served to increase his attention span and, later to initiate language acquisition. Lithium treatment resulted in better control of behavior and in improvement of mood.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of the hindfoot.

Computed tomography defines the anatomy and pathology of the talus, the calcaneus, and intervening joints better than conventional modalities. It enhances the understanding and diagnosis of the various musculoskeletal disorders affecting those structures. As a result, the clinical and surgical management is improved.

Ankle↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of benign angiomatous lesions of the extremities.

Thirteen patients with benign angiomatous lesions of the extremities were evaluated by CT. The relationship of the lesion to specific muscle groups and fascial planes was defined better by CT than on plain radiography or angiography. Computed tomography without contrast enhancement demonstrated well circumscribed masses of lower attenuation value than the surrounding muscle. Eight of the 11 patients who received intravenous injection of contrast material showed characteristic punctate or curvilinear structures within the mass, which had attenuation values similar to normal blood vessels. The characteristic CT features of benign angiomatous lesions of the extremities are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Klebsiella pneumoniae arthritis of the hip in a diabetic patient.

Chronic debilitating diseases may predispose to various joint infections, but early diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip may be difficult. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an organism uncommonly found in joint infections. We have reviewed the literature on Klebsiella pneumoniae septic arthritis and described a case of a diabetic patient who had severe destruction of the hip joint over a six-month interval due to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1984

Protrusio acetabuli in sickle-cell anemia.

Of 155 adults with sickle-cell anemia (SS, SC), radiographs of the pelvis or hip demonstrated protrusio acetabuli on at least one side in 14 (3 men and 11 women), as indicated by projection of the acetabular line medial to the ilio-ischial line by greater than or equal to 3 mm in men and greater than or equal to 6 mm in women. All 14 patients had bone changes attributable to sickle-cell anemia, including marrow hyperplasia and osteonecrosis; however, the severity of femoral or acetabular osteonecrosis did not appear directly related to the protrusion. The authors conclude that sickle-cell anemia can predispose to development of protrusio acetabuli.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of axial skeletal osteoid osteomas.

Five cases of axial skeletal osteoid osteomas were viewed with particular attention to the role of computed tomography (CT) as a key diagnostic tool in the evaluation of osteoid osteoma. The complex anatomy of the axial skeleton can make the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma extremely difficult on routine films or tomograms, and the lesion often is well delineated only on CT scans. As complete surgical excision of this benign bony tumor is curative, precise anatomic localization is essential to the surgeon. The unique cross-sectional display of CT of the axial skeleton provides the surgeon with the exact location and extent of the lesion, which may allow a more limited surgical resection of the involved bone by defining the optimal surgical approach or procedure. Conventional radiographs were normal in all patients. Bone scans were positive when obtained and were useful in localizing the lesion and directing CT to the appropriate level. In all five cases CT was of proven value in accurately demonstrating the location, nidus, and other characteristic diagnostic radiographic features of osteoid osteoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis of patellofemoral malalignment by computed tomography.

Conventional radiographic assessment of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is often unsatisfactory for a variety of technical and theoretical reasons. Using a simple device designed to allow easy and reproducible control of knee flexion, we used computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the PFJ in 10 normal volunteers and five patients with a history suggestive of recurrent subluxation or dislocation of the PFJ. At full extension of the knee the patients with a history of malalignment showed an abnormal patellar centralization and tilt compared with those of the normal volunteers. The abnormalities were absent or less pronounced on images obtained at 20 and 45 degrees of knee flexion.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Occult fractures of the knee: tomographic evaluation.

Seven adults with painful effusions of the knee were examined for occult fractures using pluridirectional tomography in the coronal and lateral planes. Six patients (ages 50-82 years) were osteopenic and gave histories ranging from none to mild trauma; one 26-year-old man was not osteopenic and had severe trauma. In all cases, routine radiographs were interpreted as negative, but tomography demonstrated a fracture. Five fractures were subchondral. Bone scans in 2 patients were positive. The authors conclude that osteopenic patients with a painful effusion of the knee should be considered to have an occult fracture. While bone scans may be helpful, tomography is recommended as the procedure of choice to define the location and extent of the fracture.

Aged↗