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Biomedical subjects

S Martinez

Publications and source records attributed to S Martinez.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Synovial plicae of the knee.

This report describes the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical, and radiographic findings, and treatment of the synovial plicae of the knee joint. The suprapatellar plica is a synovial fold present in the suprapatellar pouch of the knee joint in approximately 20% of the population. This fold may become symptomatic after injury and cause symptoms similar to other common internal derangements of the knee. Double contrast arthrography of the knee can be used to identify the presence of plicae. Although arthrography can identify the presence of a plica, its clinical significance requires close correlation with symptoms and an accurate clinical examination.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between adherence, chemotaxis and the accumulation of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes at an inflammatory site.

The effects of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, indomethacin, a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone and an antirheumatic agent, levamisole, on rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence and migration were examined. Adherence was evaluated using nylon fiber columns and migration was studied in vitro using Boyden chambers In addition, the effects of these drugs on PMN accumulation in he carrageenan-injected pleural cavity was evaluated. PMNs removed from animals treated with indomethacin, 1 mg/kg p.o., had a significantly reduced adherence, and fewer cells accumulated at an inflammatory site. Cellular migration measured in vitro was unaffected. PMNs removed from animals treated with dexamethasone, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg p.o., had a significantly reduced adherence and fewer cells accumulated at an inflammatory site. Cell migration was not consistently affected. After treatment with levamisole, 5 and 25 mg/kg p.o., adherence and chemotaxis were reduced, whereas PMN accumulation was unaffected. These results demonstrate that no simple relationship exists between PMN adherence, chemotaxis and their accumulation at an inflammatory site. Neither a reduction in adherence nor migration, as measured in vitro with a Boyden chamber, was predictive of a change in inflammatory cell migration.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pyogenic arthritis: emphasis on the need for surgical drainage of the infected joint.

A ten-year retrospective review of patients with acute hematogenous pyogenic arthritis at the Duke University Medical Center yielded 14 affected joints in the pediatric group and 32 in adults. Follow-up ranged from six months to eight years. Analysis of factors possibly affecting end results included the joint involved, organism, duration of infection, antibiotics used, age of the patient, and mode of drainage--whether surgical or by needle aspiration. Surgical drainage in the pediatric group yielded uniformly excellent results. In adults, needle aspiration correlated with increased mortality and morbidity. In contrast to other series in the medical literature we found the indications for needle aspiration to be highly restrictive, and we recommend surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics as the treatment of choice for most patients with pyogenic arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

CT detection of intraosseous gas: a new sign of osteomyelitis.

In three patients the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was made when computed tomography (CT) demonstrated gas within the medullary cavity of the involved bone. The diagnosis was clinically unsuspected in two of the patients before the CT examination, and none showed bone abnormalities on plain radiographs. Two patients had evidence of infection of the deep soft tissues adjacent to bone, and the third developed the lesion in an allograft. In all three patients CT detection of intraosseous gas resulted in significant alteration of patient management.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Three day pleural inflammation: a new model to detect drug effects on macrophage accumulation.

Mononuclear cell accumulation is of major importance in maintaining chronic inflammatory conditions. In an effort to model this phenomenon, 0.3 ml of a 1% carrageenan solution was injected into the pleural cavity of rats; at various times thereafter peripheral blood and pleural exudate samples were collected. Seventy-two hours after carrageenan injection, 82.3 +/- 3.7 x 10(6) cells (N = 6; mean +/- S.E.) were present in the pleural cavity; over 80% of these cells were macrophages as determined by morphologic and histochemical criteria. Animals treated with dexamethasone had a significantly reduced number of pleural macrophages. Animals treated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, naproxen and indomethacin, had an elevated intrapleural macrophage content. The number of intrapleural cells was not affected by the antirheumatic agents levamisole, d- and dl-penicillamine or gold sodium thiomalate. Animals treated with tilorone, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, phenylmethane-sulfonyl fluoride and 1,10 phenanthroline had a reduced pleural cell count.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Roentgenographic evaluation of cervical spine trauma.

A practical approach to the roentgenographic assessment of a patient suspected of having a cervical spine injury is described. Once positioned, the patient is not moved until substantial bony injury has been excluded. The major roentgenographic signs with differential diagnosis are briefly discussed using some illustrative roentgenograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Traumatic anterior atlanto-occipital dislocation.

The five cases of atlanto-occipital dislocation reported in the world literature are reviewed, and four additional cases are presented, including two survivors. The pathological anatomy of this potentially catastrophic injury and its management are briefly discussed. Because immediate recognition of the atlanto-occipital dislocation is critical to proper treatment and because the neurological findings are extremely varied, a new radiographic criterion for its identification has been developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Significant new observations on cervical spine trauma.

The results of a computer analysis of 399 patients with documented fractures and/or dislocations of the cervical spine are summarized. Vertebral arch fractures were present in half of all patients with radiographic evidence of cervical spine trauma. Two-thirds of the patients had two or more injuries. Isolated disk injuries were rare and, when present, were characterized by a vacuum sign. The dens fracture, with or without atlantoaxial dislocation, was rarely associated with injury elsewhere in the cervical spine. The study suggests that the routine five-film cervical spine examination is inadequate to detect the most common traumatic lesions. Thus vertebral arch views (pillar views) should be obtained if there is evidence to suggest hyperextension as the mechanism of injury. In addition, the study underscores the importance of aggressively searching for multiple abnormalities.

Axis, Cervical Vertebra↗
PubMed1977

Horizontal fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas.

Horizontal fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas can be easily overlooked on lateral radiographs. The fracture is not associated with neurological deficit but may be the cause of severe pain. A review of the literature reveals only 3 previously reported cases. Seven new cases, including 2 without other cervical spine fractures, indicate a much higher incidence than was previously thought. Hypotheses about the mechanism of injury are discussed.

Cervical Atlas↗