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Biomedical subjects

S M Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to S M Hunter.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Factor analytic study of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale.

A factor analysis of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale was conducted with a biracial u sample of children over a wide age range. The Scale was completed by 348 10-17 year old students in a rural community. Seven factors of 10 had sufficient item loadings to be interpretable. Six matched those found in the manual and an additional factor was found relating to Aggression. Race, sex, and age relationships are also reported for these seven factors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Development trends of first cigarette smoking experience of children: the Bogalusa heart study.

During one school year a health habits survey investigated cigarette smoking behavior in a total biracial population of children, ages 8 to 17 years old. Information was collected concerning each child's first smoking experience. Over 60 per cent of the children reported they were given their first cigarettes. Half of those starting before age 12 smoked their first cigarettes with a family member or an older fried. The smoking habit appears to have become established by age 14, with a two-year gap between initiation and maintenance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The interaction of cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, and cardiovascular risk factor variables in children: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Two separate surveys were conducted in a total biracial population of children ages 8-17 years to determine the effects of cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use on blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoproteins. Information regarding smoking habits and oral contraceptive use was obtained from detailed questionnaires. For White boys and White and Black girls, a small but statistically significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure levels for cigarette smokers when compared to non-smokers was noted. A significant increase among cigarette smokers in beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides as well as a decrease in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol was noted, especially for White girls. This change in lipoprotein levels for cigarette smokers was noted in both surveys. Oral contraceptive users had higher total cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and lower alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol than nonusers. After adjusting for oral-contraceptive use, particularly among White girls, cigarette smokers still demonstrated high pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and lower alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels than non-smokers. These results suggest that the lipid and lipoprotein response to cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use is to increase cardiovascular risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Validation of a measure of type A behavior pattern in children: Bogalusa heart study.

A self-administered rating scale was developed to assess type A behavior in children. It contains 24 items (7-point scale) thought to reflect the major components of type A behavior. The scale was judged to be reliable and yielded the following factors: eagergy (eagerness-energy), restlessness-aggression, leadership, and alienation. 6 tasks were designed (reading, eating, walking, competition, time estimation, and crossing out number) to validate this new measure. A total of 160 predominantly middle-class public school fifth- and sixth-grade children participated in the following factorial design: 2 (classification-type A and type B) X 2 (condition-control and experimental) X 2 (sex-male and female) X 2 (race-white and black). Type A children performed in a more accelerated or intense manner than did type B children on 5 of the 6 tasks (only females exhibited rapid time estimation) as predicted. Also, children performed in a more accelerated or intense manner if they task instructions emphasized speed or intensity for 3 of the tasks (reading, crossing out number, and walking measures). Sex and race differences are also reported. Partial support is provided for the validity and reliability of this new measure.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1981

Self-concept, locus of control, goal blockage, and coronary-prone behavior pattern in children and adolescents: Bogalusa heart study.

Four measures that are hypothesized to be correlates of cardiovascular risk factor variables were tested in children and adolescents. A psychosocial questionnaire, including Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and three additional measures (self-concept, locus of control, and goal blockage), was administered to 384 ten- to 17-year-old students in a biracial public school. White scored higher than did blacks on Type A behavior, and Type A behavior increased with age. Contrary to other reports, a negative relationship was found (excluding white boys and black girls) between self concept and Type A behavior. Blacks had a higher level of self-concept than did whites. Boys were found to have a more external locus of control than did girls, and blacks were more externally oriented and experienced greater goal blockage than did whites. Sufficient test-retest reliability was found to justify use of the four measures in future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Psychosocial measures and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents.

The objective of this study was to test four psychosocial measures (self-concept, locus of control, goal blockage, A-B Rating Scale) which are hypothesized to be correlates of cardiovascular risk factor variables in children and adolescents. The psychosocial questionnaire was administered to all eighth grade students in a biracial public school. The results, based on replies from 103 boys and girls, are reported for each measure, and, in addition, reliability correlation coefficients (six week test-retest) and intrachild correlation coefficients are reported for each of the four measures. It is concluded that the four psychosocial measures are suitable for future research and could be employed in association with risk factor studies. Finally, a theoretical model for psychosocially mediated disease is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence in a rehabilitation hospital.

Pressure ulcers remain a serious health problem, especially in terms of personal suffering and economics. The study described here, conducted in a rehabilitation setting, investigated the prevalence (number of persons with pressure ulcers at a given time) and the incidence (number of persons developing pressure ulcers over a given time) of pressure ulcers. Skin assessments and risk assessments of the subjects were completed using the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk. Demographic data were obtained. The prevalence rate was 25%, although there was no incidence during the time of this study. Factors associated with the prevalence of pressure ulcers are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of skin care protocols for pressure ulcers.

Pressure ulcers (PU) remain a serious healthcare problem in the United States. This study investigated the effectiveness of a prevention and early intervention program in reducing the prevalence of pressure ulcers (i.e., the number or the percentage of persons with pressure ulcers at a given time) in a rehabilitation hospital. The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk was used to assess subjects' PU risk. Protocols were established for PU stages consistent with the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel consensus statement on pressure ulcers. Staff were educated about PUs and the specific protocols for prevention and treatment. Concurrent quarterly prevalence audits on a total of 116 patients were conducted for 1 year. An audit also was done 16 months after protocols had been established. There was a 60% decrease in pressure ulcer prevalence from the 25% baseline to the 10% found at the audit following implementation of the protocols.

Aged↗