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Biomedical subjects

S M Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S M Gupta.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Nuclear medicine studies of aging--III. Radial bone mineral content by single and dual photon absorptiometry.

Measurement of bone mineral content of the radius has been possible by single photon absorptiometry. Recently, dual photon devices have become widely used for measuring the quantity of lumbar vertebral bone mineral. Therefore, we studied the utility of a dual beam machine for quantifying the bone mineral content of the radius, and compared results with those obtained by single photon absorptiometry in the same patient on the same day. There was an excellent correlation between single and dual beam measurements of the radius. The present study indicates that a dual photon machine can be used for assessing not only vertebral, but radial bone mineral content as well. This may facilitate studies of the two sites by use of one machine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Nuclear medicine studies of aging--VI. Dual photon absorptiometry and bone scans in "at risk" women with back pain.

We studied 20 women who were at risk for osteoporosis (postmenopausal, or on dialysis, or on steroids), who presented with severe back pain. Patients underwent a dual photon (153Gd) densitometry study of the L2-L4 vertebrae, as well as an emission bone scan (99mTc-MDP). The dual photon method revealed abnormal results (20% or more below the mean expected value) in 13/20 patients (65%), and below the "fracture threshold" in 15/20 (75%). The emission bone scan delineated abnormal foci of uptake in 15/19 (79%). We conclude that women at risk for osteoporosis, who present with severe back pain, are likely to have a positive bone scan due to compression fracture or other derangements related to bone demineralization.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Brain death: confirmation by radionuclide cerebral angiography.

Dynamic radionuclide cerebral angiography was performed in 14 patients with suspected brain death. In 10 of 14 patients, no intracranial arterial perfusion was demonstrable, thus confirming brain death. In four patients, faint venous activity was seen in the sagittal sinus only. All these patients also eventually died. Radionuclide cerebral angiography provides a simple and noninvasive means to confirm brain death in critically ill patients maintained on life support systems particularly when an electroencephalogram and four vessel contrast angiography may be either impractical or equivocal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Usefulness of SPECT in the early detection of avascular necrosis of the knees.

Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), was performed on a female with an acutely painful knee. She had been on corticosteroids just before the onset of symptoms. Radiographs and planar scintigraphic views of the knees were unremarkable. SPECT images of the knees were instrumental in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the knee. The cases illustrates the usefulness of SPECT in the early detection of avascular necrosis of the knees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Scintigraphic evaluation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.

Bone scintigraphy is a sensitive imaging modality for detecting early lesions and polyostotic involvement in fibrous dysplasia. Common findings include multiple areas of focal uptake that are often unilateral and typically involve the ribs, tibia, femur, and craniofacial bones. A knowledge of various skeletal manifestations of fibrous dysplasia is helpful to distinguish it from Paget's disease, osteoblastic metastasis, and fractures. Several recent cases representing varying involvement of fibrous dysplasia are presented and the literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aberrant cerebrospinal fluid pathway. Detection by scintigraphy.

Radionuclide cisternography is routinely performed for assessment of normal and abnormal pathways and the hydrodynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An unusual case of a woman in whom cisternography provided the diagnosis of an iatrosenic spinopleural fistula with a large CSF collection in the pleural cavity, following surgical resection of a vertebra for a malignant tumor is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction during intravenous 133Xe pulmonary ventilation study.

Intravenous 133Xe in saline was used to estimate right-ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). In three healthy volunteers, the first pass RVEF with 133Xe was followed by RVEF estimation by intravenous 99mTc-pertechnetate. There was agreement between the 133Xe and 99mTc determined values. Subjects rebreathed the liberated 133Xe gas, allowing an estimation of regional pulmonary ventilation. Intravenous 133Xe in saline may have potential use in measuring RVEF, as well as in evaluating pulmonary function in cor pulmonale.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1985

Radionuclide studies of the spleen in trauma and iatrogenic disorders.

The first task of radiocolloid spleen imaging, after trauma, is to determine if the organ is functioning. If this cannot be demonstrated, splenic avulsion must be considered. The second task is to document splenic injury (not to suggest splenectomy, but to serve as a baseline for following later healing). Failure to heal may be a risk factor for subsequent splenic rupture. The third task of spleen imaging is to determine if accessory splenic fragments are present and functional. The radiocolloid spleen scan facilitates the successful accomplishment of all of these tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia. Dual radionuclide scintigraphy and bone densitometry studies.

Dual radionuclide imaging of the neck (Tc-99m pertechnetate and TI-201 thallous chloride) was performed in 22 patients with chemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism (elevated blood calcium and parathormone [PTH] levels). Of these, 19 of 22 had localization of a TI-201 "excess" area on radiothallium-radiotechnetium subtraction images. In 13 patients who have had operative confirmation at this writing, the dual radionuclide imaging was positive in 12 (12/13 = 92.3%). One patient had two parathyroid adenomas, both of which were seen on the images; thus, overall detection was 13 out of 14 or 92.8%. The parathyroid adenomas visualized weighed from 0.06 to 3.0 g; the one not detected weighed 0.25 g. In three patients with parathyroid hyperplasia secondary to renal disease, the subtraction imaging detected eight of 12 glands (66.7%). The forearm bone mineral content and bone density were determined in eight patients with parathyroid adenomas; results were abnormally low in five of these eight. One of the three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism had an abnormally low radial bone mass. The combination of dual radionuclide imaging and radial bone mass determination may present a useful approach in both localizing abnormal parathyroid tissue and in examining its functional consequences.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Effects of prenatal gamma-radiation on the development of mice and its modification by 2-mercaptopropionylglycine.

Pregnant Swiss albino mice were whole-body exposed to 250, 150 and 50 R gamma-radiation from 60Co in the presence or absence of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine during selective organogenesis and fetal growth periods (days 11.25 and 14.25, 16.25 and 18.25 after conception, respectively). Both the protected and nonprotected pregnant females of 11.25-day gestation showed complete resorption of embryos irradiated with 250 R. With 150 R, in absence of the drug, 11.25-day gestating females showed partial resorption (76.10%). The percentage of parturition improved in the drug-treated females. Non-protected females irradiated with 50 R showed slight resorption, while drug-treated females had normal parturition. Females irradiated during the fetal growth period showed no resorption. Also, no significant alteration in litter size and sex ratio of the newborn animals was noticed when irradiated during this period, both in the control and the experimental groups. Mortality of the young was higher in nonprotected animals as compared to the protected ones.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1982

Modeling emergency evacuation from group homes.

The goal of this study is to describe a methodology for estimating the necessary time for resident evacuation. A network description of the building together with a simulation model of occupant movement are used to evacuate alternative egress and rescue policies.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1982

Blunt force lesions related to the heights of a fall.

Patterns of traumatic injuries due to fall from height certainly have an association with the amount of impact involved. A study of 63 medicolegal autopsies with the history of falls has been carried out during the period January 1974-July 1980. The injuries found were caused either by the direct impact, i.e., at the site of impact, or in a region distant from the site of impact of force as a result of transmitted force or indirect force. An attempt has been made to evaluate, generalize and correlate the characteristic pattern of the injuries to the various parts of the body with respect to various heights of fall. Stress has also been laid on the mechanism of production of these injuries in order to create a composite picture to help determine the most likely traumatic force in falls from height.

Abdominal Injuries↗