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Biomedical subjects

S M Ali

Publications and source records attributed to S M Ali.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Histopathological variations among cases of Wilms' tumor in Bangladesh and its relationship with prognosis.

Recent advancement in the cytopathologic features produced a number of variants of Wilms' tumor which are the primary determinant of survival of Wilms' tumor patients. This study was carried out with 47 patients of Wilms' tumor in different stages in three selected hospitals from 1991 to 1993. Among them 61.7% (29) were in Favorable histopathology and 38.3% (18) were in Unfavorable histopathology group. After managing the patients with multimodal therapy according to the protocol of National Wilms' tumor Study-III the favorable group had shown better prognosis. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (chi-square = 3.2, P < 0.05). Histopathological variations could be easily determined which might improve the overall prognosis of Wilms' tumor.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of psychiatric morbidity of outpatient children in Mitford Hospital, Dhaka.

The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of psychiatric morbidity among 97 child patients who, for the first time attended the psychiatric outpatient department of Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, in the year 1994. Dissociative disorder (Hysteria) comprised the largest group (21.65%), followed by epilepsy (19.59%). Majority of the cases were within 7-10 years age group with mean age 9.74 (+/- 2.39) years. Male outnumbered female patients and 53.61% cases came from rural background. The findings of the study indicate the need for establishment of child psychiatric treatment centres in different parts of the country including rural areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Localization of nitrergic neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the ultimobranchial glands of the chicken.

The ultimobranchial glands of 20 chickens, aged 2-3 months, were investigated for their nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reactivity and the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), using NADPH-d histochemistry and NOS immunocytochemistry respectively. Formazan, the blue reaction product of NADPH-d, was localised in the neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres. Most of the cell bodies were found in the parenchyma. Some of them occurred in the wall of the ultimobranchial cysts, and a few in the immediate vicinity of the blood vessels. Labelled nerve fibres mostly travelled with blood vessels, while few of them appeared in the cystic lining. In addition to neuronal profiles, some C cells, cystic lining, and vascular endothelium were also labelled. NOS staining was found in neuron-like cells and fibres that were confirmed as neurons in adjacent sections stained with antibodies against neuron-specific enolase. It was also detected in cystic lining and in some C cells, but not in vascular endothelium. The distribution patterns of NADPH-d and NOS suggest that NO may play a role in the regulation of the secretory activity of and the blood flow through the ultimobranchial glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Histochemical and immunohistochemical localisation of nitrergic neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the bursa of Fabricius of the chicken.

The bursa of Fabricius of 24 chickens, 2-4 weeks old, was investigated to determine the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) staining and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) antigen, by use of NADPH-d histochemistry and NOS immunohistochemistry, respectively. NADPH-d reaction product was localised in neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres. The stained cell bodies were predominantly in the different bursal compartments; some occurred in the wall and between the lymphoid follicles, and some in the immediate vicinity of blood vessels. Stained nerve fibres travelled mostly with blood vessels, but many were also observed in the connective tissue of the bursa, independent of blood vessels, and some in contact with the lymphoid follicle and interfollicular epithelium. In addition to neuronal profiles, the interfollicular epithelium of the plicae, and the vascular endothelium were densely stained, and lymphocytes were moderately labelled. NOS immunoreactivity was found in neuron-like cells and fibres which were confirmed to be neuronal in adjacent sections stained with antibodies raised against neuron-specific enolase. It was also detected in interfollicular epithelium and lymphocytes but not in vascular endothelium. The distribution patterns of NADPH-d and NOS suggest that nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in the regulation of the secretory activity of interfollicular epithelium and the blood flow through the bursa.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Open drainage of massive tuberculous empyema with progressive reexpansion of the lung: an old concept revisited.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the results of open drainage of massive tuberculous empyema. METHODS: During a 7-year period 47 patients with primary mixed chronic tuberculous empyema with near or total lung collapse were treated. The initial procedure was chest tube suction drainage, which permitted evaluation of the pleural cavity and the lung parenchyma despite minimal if any reexpansion of the lung. All patients were treated with antibiotics and multidrug regimens of antituberculosis agents. A pleurocutaneous window was established by removing sections of two ribs one intercostal space above the base of the pleural cavity. Irrigation was performed daily with dilute povidone iodine solution. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients achieved complete reexpansion of the lung after 4 to 30 months of drainage and are cured. Eleven are in various stages of reexpansion and probably will be cured. Eight patients did not achieve reexpansion. Criteria were established retrospectively on an ongoing basis that indicate when pulmonary reexpansion is possible. CONCLUSIONS: These totally collapsed "entrapped" lungs expanded to fill the entire pleural space despite the presence of bronchopleural fistulas and an "open" pleura. Reexpansion was progressive, gradual, and dependent on improved compliance, clearing of bronchial inflammation and obstruction, and pleural cleansing. Criteria are established that identify those patients in whom complete reexpansion may take place and the disease may be cured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Induction of apolipoprotein E mRNA in the hippocampus of the gerbil after transient global ischemia.

B/A4 is the major component of brain amyloid plaque, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). B/A4 is a product of proteolytic processing of its precursor, the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP). Recently, apolipoprotein E (APO-E) has also been shown to be associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology because it is localized to plaques and tangles, and the gene encoding one of the isoforms of APO-E (E4) is associated with late-onset familial and sporadic AD. In addition, APO-E exhibits high affinity for binding to the B-peptide (B/A4). In this study, we have investigated changes in the steady state levels of APP, APO-E, and the astrocyte-specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after a 10-min period of bilateral carotid occlusion-induced forebrain ischemia. Following this insult, we observed a loss of 90% of the CA1 neurons by 72 h post-ischemia. The mRNA levels on day 1 through day 7 post-ischemia were quantitated using an image analyzer. There was an increase in the transcription of APO-E and GFAP mRNAs, with the levels of APO-E mRNA being the highest (3-fold increase on day 7 post-ischemia) (P < 0.005). However, we did not see an increase in APP mRNA. In a parallel study [Hall, E.D. et al., Exp. Neurol., 135(1995) 17-27], we have also seen an increase in levels of APO-E and GFAP protein measured by immunocytochemistry. However, in contrast to the lack of an increase in APP mRNA, immunocytochemical measurement of APP did show an increase, perhaps due to delayed translation of previously formed mRNA. We suggest that neuronal injury or insult results in the induction of certain genes (and, therefore, protein synthesis) in the surrounding reactive astrocytes, and these proteins may contribute to post-injury amyloidogenesis.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
PubMed1995

Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography in asymptomatic healthy individuals. The relativity of stress-induced hyperkinesia.

BACKGROUND: Interpretation of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography (DASE) is based on the assumption that the normal response to dobutamine-atropine infusion is characterized by increased systolic thickening and motion of the left ventricular (LV) walls, whereas a reduction or no change is considered indicative of coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess changes in LV dimension and wall motion patterns during DASE in a healthy population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two asymptomatic voluntary subjects (22 men) with a mean age of 59 years (range, 31 to 79 years) and a likelihood of < 5% for coronary artery disease underwent DASE with digital recording of two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography at baseline and low-dose and peak infusion rates. Mean end-diastolic and end-systolic LV diameters and areas decreased and wall thicknesses increased progressively throughout the test. Wall motion and thickening increased from baseline to low-dose infusion in nearly all subjects. However, from low-dose to peak infusion, the mean absolute wall motion and relative wall thickening decreased by 13.1% (95% CI, 2.7 to 23.5) and 21.4% (95% CI, 6.4 to 36.4) regardless of age, sex, or use of atropine. Changes in fractional shortening and absolute wall thickening varied considerably, with a decrease observed in 15 and 13 individuals (36% and 31%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy subjects, measures of wall motion and wall thickening increased from baseline to low-dose infusion but decreased from low-dose to peak infusion. These findings call for revision of the assumptions on which the common analysis of DASE is based.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Calcineurin associated with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-FKBP12 complex modulates Ca2+ flux.

The immunosuppressant drug FK506 binds to the immunophilin protein FKBP12 and inhibits its prolyl isomerase activity. Immunosuppressive actions, however, are mediated via an FK506-FKBP12 inhibition of the Ca(2+)-activated phosphatase calcineurin. Physiologic cellular roles for FKBP12 have remained unclear. FKBP12 is physically associated with the RyR and IP3R Ca2+ channels in the absence of FK506, with added FK506 disrupting these complexes. Dissociation of FKBP12 results in alteration of channel Ca2+ conductance in both cases. We now report that calcineurin is physiologically associated with the IP3R-FKBP12 and RyR-FKBP12 receptor complexes and that this interaction can be disrupted by FK506 or rapamycin. Calcineurin anchored to the IP3R via FKBP12 regulates the phosphorylation status of the receptor, resulting in a dynamic Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of IP3-mediated Ca2+ flux.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Novel cytotoxic 3'-(tert-butyl) 3'-dephenyl analogs of paclitaxel and docetaxel.

3'-(tert-Butyl) 3'-dephenyl analogs of paclitaxel were synthesized from 10-deacetylbaccatin III and oxazolidinecarboxylic acid 7 followed by acylation of intermediate amines 10 and 11. Oxazolidinecarboxylic acid 7 was prepared in five steps and in good overall yield from L-tert-leucine. Twelve analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro ability to stimulate the formation of microtubules and for their cytotoxicity against B16 melanoma cells. Amide, carbamate, urea, and thiourea congeners were prepared. The most potent derivatives found in this study are the docetaxel analog 13, the N-[(tert-amyloxy)carbonyl] analog 17, and the 3'-phenylurea and 3'-tert-butylurea derivatives 20 and 23. Six of these analogs were shown to be ca. 90 times more soluble in water than paclitaxel and ca. 4-5 times more water-soluble than docetaxel.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1995

Reproducibility of digital exercise echocardiography.

We determined the intra, inter-observer and temporal variability of upright bicycle exercise echocardiography in 50 consecutive patients with suspected coronary heart disease. Using significant artery stenoses as reference, the sensitivity of digital exercise echocardiography was 89% and the specificity 92%. Regarding the presence or absence of exercise-induced ischaemia, intra-observer agreement was 86% (73-94% with 95% confidence limits, kappa value (K) 0.70 (0.50-0.91)). Inter-observer agreement between two independent observers was 92 (81-98)% (K = 0.81 (0.63-0.99)). Temporal variability was examined by repeating exercise echocardiography after one week in 30 stable patients; it demonstrated 90 (78-97)% agreement (K = 0.71 (0.40-1.00)). The inter-observer agreement appeared to be lower in patients or myocardial segments with wall motion abnormalities at rest (86% and 82%, respectively) than in patients or segments with normal myocardial function at rest (96% and 94%, respectively); ns, P < 0.05, respectively). Analysis of specific regions showed a significantly higher level of agreement (P < 0.05) regarding exercise-induced ischaemia in segments supposed to be supplied by the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (96%) than in the perfusion bed of the left anterior descending branch (87%) and right coronary artery (88%). Comparing estimated values of echocardiographic ejection fraction, analysis of intra-observer variability showed a correlation coefficient of 0.91 and 95% confidence limits of a single estimate of ejection fraction of +/- 10.3%. Corresponding analyses of inter-observer and temporal variability showed correlation coefficients of 0.93 and 0.84, respectively, and 95% confidence limits of single estimates of ejection fraction of +/- 9.6% and +/- 13.0%, respectively. Thus, the diagnostic result and the reproducibility of digital exercise echocardiography are satisfactory and comparable with those obtained by myocardial scintigraphy. However, approximately 10% of the examination results may be reversed when the test is repeated or reevaluated by the same or by another observer. The result seems to be less reproducible in patients with abnormal wall motion at rest than in patients with normal myocardial function before exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Women's empowerment and reproductive choices.

The authors use data from the 1990-1991 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey to examine some variables indicating women's empowerment and to analyze the impact of such variables on reproductive choices. They conclude that "most Pakistani women are unaccustomed to the idea of planning children; for them, having children is a phenomenon as simple and common as most other issues of life. Among others who desire a specific number of children, the majority end up having more. It is because socio-cultural influences lead women to have a large family size. Our analysis also denotes similar results, and hence most of the empowerment variables used in this analysis do not explain the variation in the dependent variable as was expected." A comment by Khaleda Manzoor (pp.1,148-50) is included.

Asia↗
PubMed1995

Common aerobic bacteria in post operative wound infection and their sensitivity pattern.

Two hundred and four post-operative patients were examined and pus samples were collected with sterile cotton swabs from 64 patients with infected wounds. The samples were cultured aerobically and the isolates were identified as per standard methods. The prevalence rate of post-operative wound infection were 31.37% and the total number of bacterial isolates were 76 (37.25%). The isolates were identified up to their species level & they were E. coli, Staph. aureus, Kl. Pneumoniae, Ps. aeruginosa. Pr. vulgaris and S. pyogenes. Gram negative bacilli were the predominant organisms and among them E. coli was the most common. In antimicrobial susceptibility test Gentamycin and Cephalexin were found sensitive.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1994

Structure-activity studies of antitumor taxanes: synthesis of novel C-13 side chain homologated taxol and taxotere analogs.

Taxol and taxotere analogs with one carbon homologated side chains were synthesized from 10-deacetylbaccatin III and a key oxazolidineacetic acid intermediate, which was synthesized in four steps from (S)-(+)-2-phenylglycine. 10-Deacetyl-1a'-homotaxol and 1a'-homotaxotere were at least 27 times less active than taxol in the microtubule assembly assay. The inability of these homologs to induce microtubule formation may be due to unfavorable solution conformations, preventing productive interactions with the taxol binding site on microtubules.

Docetaxel↗
PubMed1994

[Dobutamine stress echocardiography. Use of dobutamine stress echocardiography in diagnosis and assessment of ischemic heart disease].

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is a new diagnostic method for evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. We studied 30 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of chest pain. Coronary angiography was carried out in 28 patients. DSE was performed the following day. Readable echocardiographic recordings were obtained in all patients. Blinded wall motion analysis revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of 91% (95% confidence limits: 79-100%) for dobutamine stress echocardiography using coronary angiography as reference. No severe adverse events or arrhythmias occurred. It is concluded that DSE is well tolerated, feasible and has a high sensitivity for detecting coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Blood pressure and glycemic status in relation to body mass index in a rural population of Bangladesh.

A cluster sampling of five villages in Dohar thana were selected for screening of hypertension and diabetes in relation to age structure and body habitus. All the subjects over 15 years of age were enlisted for investigation. The response rate was more than 70%. Height, weight, blood pressure (BP) and capillary blood glucose (fasting and 2-hPG) were measured. Diagnostic criteria of international standard were used for hypertension and diabetes. Out of 1005 participants 106 subjects (10.5%) had systolic blood pressure (sBP) more than 140 mmHg and 9% of them had diastolic blood pressure (dBP) more than 90 mmHg. The prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was 2.1% and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 13.3%. The mean body mass index (BMI) of men was 20.39 (SD = 2.91) and that of women was 20.11 (SD = 2.92), having no significant difference between them. Increased age (> or = 50 yr), high BMI (> or = 23.0) and hyperglycemia (2-hPG > 7.8 mmol/L) were the risk factors for both systolic (sBP > 140 mmHg) and diastolic (dBP > 90 mmHg) hypertension. Likewise, increased age, high BMI and hypertension showed significant association with glucose intolerance. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between age and BP (sBP, r = 0.328 p < 0.001; dBP, r = 0.187 p < 0.001) BMI and BP (sBP, r = 0.193 p < 0.001; dBP, r = 0.192 p < 0.001) and 2-hPG and BP (sBP, r = 0.188 p < 0.001; dBP, r = 0.134 p < 0.001).

Adolescent↗