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Biomedical subjects

S Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Larsen.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Recurrent biliary calculi: duodenal diverticula as a predisposing factor.

Several studies indicate a causal relationship between duodenal diverticula and gallstone disease. The diverticula persist after biliary tract surgery, and it is therefore presumed that patients with diverticula have an increased disposition to develop new calculi in the bile ducts after cholecystectomy. To test this hypothesis, the occurrence of recurrent biliary calculi was studied in 101 patients who had cholecystectomy, all with an asymptomatic period of two years or more following the primary biliary surgery. All patients had symptoms, that indicated biliary tract or pancreatic diseases. The incidence of recurrent calculi in patients with diverticula was 87.5% (95% confidence interval, 66.9-95.8). In patients without diverticula, the incidence was 31.9% (95% confidence interval, 21.5-44.3). The difference is highly significant, and the results support the assumption tht diverticula in the area of the papilla of Vater dispose to gallstone disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Immunosuppression and the additive effect of plasma exchange in treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

Attempts were made to evaluate the separate effect on kidney function of immunosuppressive treatment (IS) and plasma exchange (PE) in 27 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Twenty-four of the patients were treated with PE. Initial IS was supplemented with PE within 6-12 days in 5 patients, and after at least 14 days in 13. Because of suspected septicemia, 2 patients were first treated with PE, and IS was not initiated until the possibility of septicemia had been excluded. In 4 severely ill patients wih rapid clinical deterioration, both treatments were started simultaneously. Twenty patients improved during one or both treatments, 4 with IS alone, 2 with IS and doubtfully with PE, 3 with IS and probably also with PE, 5 both with IS and PE and one with PE alone. In 5 patients the individual effects of IS and PE could not be evaluated. In another 2 patients the combined treatment seemed to influence the course favourably. In the remaining 7 patients the effect of the treatment was doubtful or nil. Two further patients with Goodpasture's syndrome were treated. They were admitted late, and both kinds of treatment were instituted simultaneously. One of them died in respiratory insufficiency, the other remained oliguric while the pulmonary changes faded. Thus, PE added a positive effect to IS in several patients with RPGN. The treatment had few and mostly mild side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mast cells in interstitial cystitis.

Specific clinical criteria have been used to diagnose interstitial cystitis in 32 patients. The distribution of mast cells in biopsies of the bladder wall from these patients has been compared with that of similar cells in control specimens. A highly significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the number of mast cells within the detrusor muscle bundles has been demonstrated in 27 of these patients. This mast cell infiltration is widespread throughout the detrusor muscle and is not confined to the ulcerative lesions seen cystoscopically. Histological estimation of mast cells is of value, therefore, in establishing the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis, and may be particularly helpful in equivocal cases. The relationship between mast cell infiltration of the detrusor muscle bundles and the aetiology of the disease remains to be determined.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1982

Lithium treatment: does the kidney prefer one daily dose instead of two?

Renal structure and function were investigated in two groups of long-term lithium treated patients. Lithium was administered in two different ways either in a one-dose per day schedule where the whole dose of lithium was given between 8 and 10 p.m. or in a schedule where the lithium dose was given, divided into two or three doses, during the day. Kidney biopsy was performed, and structural changes in the kidney tissue were determined together with 24-h urine volume in the individual patients. The functional as well as the structural changes were most pronounced in patients given their lithium in divided doses during the day. Lithium may be more harmful to the kidney when the lithium administration gives a relatively constant serum lithium level than when the administration causes greater variations including peak values and low minimum levels in serum lithium. The reason for this might be that a number of regenerative processes only occur in periods with low lithium concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pyelorenal backflow during retrograde pyelography in normal and ischemic porcine kidneys. A radiologic and pathoanatomic study.

Retrograde pyelography was performed in 14 kidneys of anesthetized baby pigs to study the phenomenon of pyelorenal backflow. In this model, a constant retrograde perfusion rate of 10 ml/min was used which resulted in a progressive increase in pelvic pressure. The experiments were done on normal and ischemic kidneys. Pyelosinous backflow developed in twelve kidneys at an average intrapelvic pressure of 197 mm Hg and was independent of renal ischemia. Intrarenal backflow was observed only in kidneys which had been ischemic for 60 min and after 2 h of hypotension, or in postmortem kidneys. Intrarenal backflow in one or two papillae occurred at an intrapelvic pressure of 125 mm Hg. At higher intrapelvic pressures there was more intense and widespread intrarenal backflow. Histologic examination revealed tears in the calyceal fornix in cases with pyelosinous backflow. If intrarenal backflow was present there was parenchymal necrosis, interstitial Ferritin (added to the contrast material) in the papilla and in the corticomedullary junction, and tears leading from the pelvic cavity into the renal parenchyma.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic value of computed tomography in pancreatic carcinoma: a comparison with other radiologic methods.

Computed tomography (CT) performed on 54 patients with pancreatic carcinoma showed evidence of pancreatic disease in 44, but a definite diagnosis of an inoperable pancreatic carcinoma could be made in only 16 by revealing liver metastases. Differentiation between neoplastic and inflammatory disease was impossible in most patients, particularly in patients with resectable tumors. CT was found to be inferior to angiography, PTC and ERCP in diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma. CT was also significantly less sensitive than angiography in assessing operability. However, in patients where CT demonstrated liver metastases, angiography and ERCP may be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography and ultrasound of the normal pancreas.

Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) were performed on 47 patients with a normal pancreas. CT was a significantly better method than US to demonstrate the pancreatic body and tail. The pancreatic head was also shown more often using CT than US, but this difference was not statistically significant. The diameters of the different parts of the pancreas measured at CT were significantly larger than measured at US. The explanation is most probably that the widths of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins are added to the diameters of the pancreas measured at CT, while using US, these vessels are clearly differentiated from the pancreatic tissue. US was a significantly better technique than CT to register the vascular structures surrounding the pancreas, except from the left renal vein, which was more often demonstrated at CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of trimipramine in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind study.

After organic disease had been excluded as far as possible by clinical examination, including laboratory tests, analysis of faeces, and X-ray examination or endoscopy of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, 61 patients were given either 50 mg trimipramine at bedtime or identically looking coded placebo in a prospective study for 4 weeks. The complaints were graded on an analogue scale by both the patients and the physicians. The results showed that the complaint scores were significantly reduced to about half in the placebo group. In the group treated with trimipramine a significantly greater reduction was found for the scores of vomiting, sleeplessness, depression, and for the mucus content of stools. The scores for tiredness during treatment had decreased less in the group receiving trimipramine than in the one receiving placebo. These improvements occurred already during the first week of treatment. No adverse side effect was recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nephrotoxicity of plasticizers investigated by 48 hours hypothermic perfusion of dog kidneys.

The possible nephrotoxicity of the plasticizers diethyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was tested in vitro using a 48 hours continuous pulsatile hypothermic perfusion of canine kidneys with a human albumin perfusion medium. Since polysorbate 80 was used to facilitate the solution of the plasticizers in the perfusion medium, this substance was also tested. Six groups containing 9--15 kidneys were perfused with different amounts of plasticizers and/or polysorbate 80 added. In perfusates containing polysorbate 80 either alone or with one of the two plasticizers, the LDH activity and the potassium concentrations rose significantly higher than in the control group (p less than 0.001). The kidney weight gain was also significantly greater in these groups. A "blind" histological examination of needle biopsies by light microscopy revealed no differences among the groups. Although the biochemical evidence of tissue damage was not tested by re-implantation of the kidneys, we suggest that caution should be exercised in the use of polysorbate 80 in organ perfusion systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Nocturnal gastric secretion following treatment with trimipramine (Surmontil).

The study was conducted double blind in 12 healthy volunteers, average age 30 years (23-48). On separate days they were allocated at random to either two tablets of Trimipramine, 25 mg each, or two tablets of Placebo, one and a half hours before introduction of a Levine tube into the stomach. The volunteers had on the day of starting the experiment performed their normal duties, and consumed the last meal, the dinner, at 5 pm. The gastric juice was collected continuously in half hour samples from 11 pm until 7 am the next morning. The average recovery was 87% in 4 tested experiments. The volume of gastric juice was 448 ml/8 h for the series receiving Placebo compared to 418 ml/8 h for those treated with Trimipramine (Table 1). During the first half hour a relative high volume was aspirated, whereas in the following 3 half hours portions the volume decreased to a fairly stable level of about 15-23 ml. A significant lower volume was observed in the Trimipramine treated series in some of the morning portions. A significant lower concentration and output of HCl was found during the middle of the night and in some morning portions in the subjects given Trimipramine. Similarly the concentration and output of pepsin were lower in the Trimipramine series than in the Placebo treated subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer with trimipramine. A double-blind study.

Sixty-two patients with healed duodenal or prepyloric ulcers completed a double-blind long-term trial with either 25 mg/day of trimipramine (32 patients) or placebo (30 patients). Endoscopy was performed when marked dyspeptic complaints occurred or after a 1-year follow-up study. Eleven patients in the trimipramine-treated group and 18 patients in the placebo group had relapses, with endoscopically confirmed ulcers or erosions with duodenitis and severe symptoms, revealing a statistically significant difference between the groups in favour of trimipramine. Twenty-one patients (66%) receiving trimipramine and 12 patients (40%) receiving placebo were in remission at the end of the study. The probability of having a relapse increased with the time from start of placebo but decreased in the group that received trimipramine. No serious side effects occurred. In conclusion, 25 mg of trimipramine daily reduced significantly the recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer disease, when compared with placebo.

Dibenzazepines↗
PubMed1981

Oral glucose tolerance, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in patients recovered from acute myocardial infarction.

Ten male patients, recovered from acute myocardial infarction, and ten control subjects were investigated by a 50 g glucose tolerance test. All patients and control subjects had normal glucose tolerance, but the patients had increased fasting and integrated insulin response to oral glucose. Fasting gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentrations and integrated gastric inhibitory polypeptide response were normal in the patients. The exaggerated insulin secretion in patients recovered from myocardial infarction does not seem to be caused by increased secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide.

Adult↗