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Biomedical subjects

S Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Larsen.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Demonstration and classification of amyloidosis in needle biopsies of the kidneys, with special reference to amyloidosis of the AA-type.

To examine whether sequence-specific antibodies directed against serum amyloid A were useful in the demonstration and classification of amyloidosis, needle biopsy specimens from the kidneys of 152 cases with renal disorders were investigated using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique of immunohistochemistry. A distinct immunoreactivity of protein AA was seen in biopsies from all 42 individuals who were clinically classified as having the AA-type of amyloidosis. The stained areas coincided with deposits stained by Congo red. Four of these cases demonstrated immunoreactivity of both protein AA and light immunoglobulin chains and all biopsies except one showed immunoreactivity for the amyloid P-component. After treatment with potassium permanganate, the amyloid deposits in the biopsies of all 42 cases lost their affinity for Congo red. Ten patients with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the AL-type of amyloidosis were also investigated. All their biopsies demonstrated Congophilic amyloid deposits but none of them showed any immunoreactivity of protein AA. Amyloid deposits of lambda light immunoglobulin chains-but not kappa-were demonstrated in biopsies from four patients. The amyloid P-component was found in biopsies from six individuals and positive Congo red staining after treatment with potassium permanganate was seen in biopsies from four of the cases. Biopsies of 100 patients suffering from non-amyloid renal disorders were also examined. None of them displayed any immunoreactive deposits of protein AA. The investigation shows that amyloid deposits of the AA-type can be identified in needle biopsies when sequence-specific antibodies against serum amyloid A are used in the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. Both the diagnostic sensitivity (42 of 42) and specificity (110 of 110) of the assay were optimal (1.0). The method was found to be superior to other investigated techniques and useful for classifying amyloidosis in formalin-fixed renal biopsies.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1987

Functional and histopathological changes in dog kidneys after administration of cisplatin.

The nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin (5 mg/kg i.v.) was evaluated in 8 dogs 48-72 h after administration. The lithium clearance method was used for assessing the absolute and fractional reabsorption rates of sodium and water in proximal as well as in more distal segments of the total nephron population, before and during saline loading (infusion of 5 ml/kg of isotonic saline i.v.). Histological examinations of the kidney biopsies were used to evaluate the degree of renal tissue injury. During 48-72 h after administration of cisplatin blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine increased significantly from 3.9 +/- 0.2 to 11.7 +/- 1.4 mmol/l and 96 +/- 3 to 178 +/- 10 mumol/l, respectively. Mean values of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction and lithium clearance in cisplatin-treated animals (143 +/- 14 ml/min, 10.7 +/- 1.1. ml/min, 0.14 +/- 0.01 and 6.3 +/- 0.6 ml/min, respectively) were significantly lower than in 6 control animals (212 +/- 8 ml/min, 49.0 +/- 2.0 ml/min, 0.36 +/- 0.001 and 10.1 +/- 1.3 ml/min, respectively). In contrast, urinary excretion rates of sodium, potassium and water were significantly higher, while fractional as well as absolute proximal and distal reabsorption rates were significantly lower in cisplatin-treated animals compared to controls. Saline loading caused an increase in the output of tubular fluid from the proximal tubules (lithium clearance) in the cisplatin-treated animals, while the fractional distal reabsorption rate of sodium decreased significantly. The histological changes are in agreement with the physiological data which point to the proximal tubules as the more severely damaged segment. In conclusion, the depressed renal function 48-72 h after administration of cisplatin can be attributed to impairment of proximal as well as distal tubular reabsorptive capacities associated with increased renal vascular resistance. The polyuria seems to be due to impaired reabsorption rates in the distal nephron segments, which will affect the concentration mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between tobacco smoking and colorectal polyps.

A prospective endoscopic screening examination of a randomized population sample of 200 men and 200 women, aged 50-59 years, enabled the differentiation between individuals with and without polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Both number of years of smoking and percentage years of life with smoking were associated with the presence of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps, both for men and women. No relationship was found between these factors or the daily number of cigarettes and the degree of dysplasia or the size or multiplicity of polyps. Two years' follow-up examination showed a tendency to fewer new polyps among male ex-smokers compared with smokers; however, the difference was not quite significant. No significant difference was found when comparing smokers with never smokers. In the relatively smaller groups of women no significant difference with regard to number of polyps was found among smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers. The results provide evidence for an association between smoking and colorectal neoplasia and may suggest an initiating effect of smoking on carcinogenesis in the colon and rectum.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

The probability of pancreatitis after pancreatic parenchymatography with a non-ionic contrast medium. A sequentially designed clinical trial.

Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) with parenchymatous contrast filling may result in clinical pancreatitis. The aim of the present prospective trial was to assess the frequency of acute pancreatitis after pancreatic parenchymatography with a non-ionic contrast medium, metrizamide. For ethical reasons the examination was designed as a sequential study with clearly defined stopping rules. None of the 48 patients studied developed clinical pancreatitis. This indicates that the probability of pancreatitis after parenchymatography is less than 5%. A high degree of contrast filling was obtained both in patients with normal and in those with pathologic pancreatic ducts. The contrast filling of the ducts was associated with not more than a slight pain. The rise in serum amylase was considerable but was not associated with clinical pancreatitis and returned to preexamination levels within 48 h. The examination shows that the non-ionic contrast medium used is well tolerated in ERP.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of somatostatin on human gastric blood flow evaluated by endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry.

The effect of somatostatin on human gastric blood flow has been evaluated by endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry. A bolus injection of 250 micrograms somatostatin intravenously caused a transitory decrease in the gastric blood flow of 40%. After continuous infusion of somatostatin for 1 h no change in the gastric microcirculation could be demonstrated in spite of significantly elevated somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in plasma. The results do not give evidence that somatostatin has a possible beneficial effect in patients with gastric bleeding caused by a significant gastric blood flow reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Psychosocial independence and functional abilities: their relationship in adults with severe musculoskeletal impairments.

Personality traits, functional abilities, and demographic characteristics of 61 persons with severe musculoskeletal impairments were examined using a personality factors questionnaire, the Barthel Index, and a demographic questionnaire. Subjects were grouped by high or low scores on the personality factors scale (psychologic independence) and an independent living scale (social independence). Data were analyzed using correlations, chi-squares, analyses of variance, factor analyses, and discriminant analyses. Subjects with high psychologic independence tended to live in less restrictive settings, had fewer communication problems, and spent less time in comprehensive rehabilitation facilities. Those with high social independence tended to be married; have assertive, self-assured, and self-sufficient personalities; more education; and more earned income. Both groups of highly independent persons tended to have hired attendants, good health, and more transportation options. They were outgoing, predominantly female, and tended to perceive themselves as independent. Functional abilities were not significantly related to levels of psychologic and social independence.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

The influence of a high-fibre diet on body weight, serum lipids and blood pressure in slightly overweight persons. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation with diet and fibre tablets (DumoVital).

Sixty slightly overweight women were treated with a weight-reducing diet for 12 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In addition to the diet 30 women received dietary fibre tablets, whereas the remaining 30 women received identical-looking placebo tablets. During the trial both groups experienced a significant reduction in body weight (P less than 0.01). The mean weight loss 8.5 kg (7.5-9.5 kg) in the fibre group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group 6.7 kg (4.8-8.0 kg) (P less than 0.01). Both serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly lowered (P less than or equal to 0.02) after treatment in both groups. No significant differences were detected between the groups. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in the fibre group. No significant reduction in blood pressure was found in the placebo group. Side-effects, which were gastrointestinal in nature, were of low frequency. We conclude that supplementation with dietary fibre of the form used in this study is useful in the treatment of overweight women.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute bronchiolitis in infancy. The relationship to later recurrent obstructive airways disease.

Fifty-one infants admitted to hospital because of acute bronchiolitis were followed until 2 years of age. Sixty per cent had three or more attacks of bronchopulmonary obstruction, and the remainder two or less attacks. The children with three or more attacks also had more respiratory infections. They had younger parents and their close relatives more often had respiratory atopic illness. The children with three or more attacks wheezed for a longer time after the bronchiolitis. No difference was found for breast-feeding, neonatal respiratory complications, crowded homes, parental smoking and other social factors. To detect children at risk of recurrent obstructive airways disease after bronchiolitis, a discriminant analysis was performed. The discriminant function classified 28 of the 31 children with recurrent obstructive episodes as belonging to the risk group, and 18 of the 20 children with two or less episodes to the non-risk group.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1987

Elevated albumin excretion rate is common among poorly controlled adolescent insulin dependent diabetics.

We studied urinary albumin excretion in 2 different groups of teenage diabetics, one with HbA1 less than 10% (n = 15) and another with HbA1 greater than 13% (n = 17). We found a highly significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the albumin excretion rate (AER) in overnight urines. Median value 15.8 micrograms/min (range 4.9-80.5) and 4.2 micrograms/min (range 1.0-12.6) in the high and low HbA1 group respectively. In a reference group of 19 healthy teenagers, the median AER was 4.9 micrograms/min (range 0.5-15.0). 59% of the patients in the high HbA1-group had values above the upper range in the reference group, 15 micrograms/min, and one had positive Albustix. In contrast, no difference in AER was observed between the low HbA1-group and the reference group. We did not find any correlation between AER and duration of diabetes, but the one patient with gross proteinuria had had diabetes for 14 years. No significant difference between the groups regarding blood pressure or retinopathy was found. Thus, AER was elevated in a large proportion (59%) of poorly regulated diabetic teenagers regardless of diabetic duration. This fact questions the value of employing moderately elevated urinary albumin excretion rate in teenage diabetics as a marker for later development of clinical diabetic nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Platelet aggregation is not essential for xenograft rejection.

Five rabbit kidneys were perfused at 80 mm Hg with heparinized human blood, five with platelet poor human blood, and five with human blood added prostacyclin. Time until blood flow decreased to 2 ml/min was significantly delayed by removal of platelets or addition of prostacyclin. Histological examination did not reveal any difference between the groups. It is concluded that platelets play an enhancing role, but they are not essential for xenograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Electron microscopic investigation of the bladder urothelium and glycocalyx in patients with interstitial cystitis.

The electron microscopic appearance of the bladder urothelium and glycocalyx was investigated in ten patients with well defined interstitial cystitis and compared to the findings in ten control patients with stress incontinence as the only symptom. Ruthenium red, a polycationic dye which binds specifically to cell surface acid polysaccharides, was used to demonstrate the glycocalyx. In cases of interstitial cystitis two types of luminal cell were observed, each possessing a distinct surface glycocalyx. One type of cell possessed numerous plaques of asymmetric unit membrane associated with a relatively thin glycocalyx. The second type of cell was characterised by numerous microvilli and a relatively thick glycocalyx. In control material each type of cell and its associated glycocalyx was identified with similar frequency. Our study concludes that there are no differences in the morphologic appearances of the glycocalyx and of urothelial cells in patients with interstitial cystitis when compared with controls. Hence, the hypothesis that an important pathogenic factor in interstitial cystitis is a defective glycocalyx associated with a permeable urothelium, has not been supported.

Adult↗