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Biomedical subjects

S Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Larsen.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of pentagastrin and cimetidine on gastric blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.

Endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry has been used to study the effect of the secretagogue pentagastrin and the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine on gastric blood flow in 24 healthy subjects. The subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin, 0.6 micrograms/kg body weight, caused a significant increase in gastric acid secretion. This increase did not provoke any significant change in gastric blood flow, measured in seven defined areas of the oesophagus and stomach. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between the level of basal and maximal acid secretion and blood flow. The infusion of 200 mg cimetidine caused a significant reduction of gastric blood flow in five of the seven investigated areas (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01). Cimetidine had no effect on blood pressure or skin blood flow, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. The study was performed without previous stimulation of acid secretion, and blood flow reduction was measured in both the corpus and the antrum of the stomach. The effect of cimetidine is therefore hardly a result of the acid-reducing effect of the drug. In this study no significant relationship could be shown between the gastric wall blood flow and acid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Partial cystectomy for the myogenic decompensated bladder with excessive residual urine. Urodynamics, histology and 2-13 years follow-up.

Partial cystectomy was performed for myogenic decompensated bladder with excessive residual urine in 11 patients, in whom training instructions and pharmacological treatment were unsuccessful. Postoperatively, the patients were followed for 2-13 years (median 4 years). Both symptoms and residual urine were reduced permanently. Urodynamic testing had demonstrated underactive detrusor function in all. The supposed etiology was infravesical obstruction in 4, overdistension due to sensory bladder paresis in 3 and unknown in 4. Histological examination of the resected bladders showed focal degeneration of the smooth muscle cells (detrusor myopathy) in 7, transmural edema and vast deposits of collagen in 8, mastocytosis in 3 and eosinophilic cystitis in 1. In conclusion we regard partial cystectomy an alternative to clean intermittent self-catheterization in selected patients with excessive residual urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Myocardial infarction may induce positive changes in life-style and in the quality of life.

Eighty-four male patients with a mean age of 56.4 years were subjected to a semistructured interview 12-21 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-eight individuals (group A) perceived a considerably or somewhat improved total life situation, 39 patients an unchanged (group B) and 17 patients (group C) a somewhat or considerably worsened total life situation. In all groups there were appreciable alterations with respect to stress on the job, physical activity and intake of fat/calories. Sixty per cent had reduced or quit smoking, and 19% had reduced their alcohol consumption. Fifty per cent of the patients perceived an increased gratitude at being alive. Similar recordings were found regarding "joy of life", value of hobbies, family and having good health. Concern associated with a reduced health status was experienced as the most distressing consequence of MI. There were no significant differences between groups A, B and C with respect to severity of the MI in contrast to the number of "psychiatric cases" (GHQ). The study concludes that it is considered important also to discover and reinforce possible positive changes after MI.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Agreement between parents and physicians regarding clinical evaluation of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

The reliability of disease severity assessed by parents of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was studied by a self-report questionnaire. Parents of 50 patients with a minimum disease duration of 6 months and two physicians participated. Good agreement was achieved between parents and physicians regarding global assessment of disease severity, pain, morning stiffness and activities of daily life. For joint swelling and restriction of movement, the physicians scored higher than did the parents. The findings demonstrate that, with some reservations, a parent questionnaire may be used in follow-up studies on children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Postoperative radionuclide monitoring of renal allografts on triple therapy.

Renal allograft dysfunction arising from rejection or cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in patients on high-dose cyclosporin A administration can currently only be distinguished reliably by allograft biopsy excluding rejection. The renographic course up to 35 days after transplantation or to discharge was followed in 30 patients treated with low-dose azathioprine, prednisone, and cyclosporin A (triple therapy). Routine renographic monitoring combined with intravenous angiography in critical periods proved a valuable aid in the differentiation between post-operative complications such as acute rejection and surgical complications.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1988

Cytostatic treatment of glomerular diseases. V. Treatment of glomerulonephritis with cyclophosphamide plus prednisone, azathioprine plus prednisone and cyclophosphamide as monotherapy. A comparative study. A report from a Copenhagen Study Group of Renal Diseases.

Thirty-two patients suffering from biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis with proteinuria greater than or equal to 1.2 g/24 hours and/or creatinine clearance less than 50% of normal value were treated for 6 weeks with prednisone plus cyclophosphamide (C+P), azathioprine (A+P) or cyclophosphamide as a monotherapy (C). The effect of the treatment was evaluated after 6 and 16 weeks. The results were entered consecutively in a sequential analysis. The three treatment regimes were compared mutually as well as with the results of 16 weeks' treatment with C and placebo, published previously. Six weeks' treatment with C+P or A+P was superior to C and at least as efficient as 16 weeks' C treatment. C treatment for 6 weeks was less efficient than 16 weeks' C treatment. The side-effects of the 6 weeks' A+P or C+P treatment were fewer and less serious than those reported from the long-term C treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Early arteriolopathy following "high-dose" cyclosporine in kidney transplantation.

Thirty-seven consecutive kidney graft biopsies from 37 patients immunosuppressed with "high-dose" cyclosporine (CsA) were mixed with 37 random biopsies obtained from 37 patients given azathioprine and prednisone (Aza/P) and reexamined by light microscopy, without knowledge of the therapy, for occurrence of early arteriolopathy. All biopsies were taken within 35 days after transplantation. Arteriolopathy was demonstrated in 12 biopsies from 37 patients given CsA but in none of those from 37 patients on Aza/P. The specific alteration found in those 12 biopsies was glycogen storage in the muscular layer of the arterioles. The average donor was significantly older in those grafts in which arteriolopathy was shown than in those without arteriolopathy but also given CsA (p less than 0.001). All kidneys from donors more than 53 yr old had arteriolopathy. The occurrence of arteriolopathy was independent of the average CsA level from transplantation to biopsy, but the CsA level had never been below 380 ng/ml in those patients with arteriolopathy. The clinical course in grafts with arteriolopathy was characterized by poorer graft function as judged from the renograms, delayed onset of function and a high proportion of "never-functioning" grafts (50%). We concluded that patients receiving a cadaver graft from a donor older than 50 yr should not be treated with "high-dose" CsA. If the arteriolopathy is demonstrated in kidney graft biopsies within the first 5 weeks after transplantation in patients treated with CsA, one should consider a change or modification of the treatment strategy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Plasma fibronectin concentration associated with various types of canine neoplasia.

Fibronectin, a large glycoprotein found in soluble form in plasma and in insoluble form in connective tissue matrices, has been implicated in cell-to-cell and cell-to-substratum interactions, inflammation and tissue repair, phagocytosis, hemostasis, and oncogenic cell transformation. Because fibronectin concentration is diminished or lacking on cell surfaces of many transformed cell lines and because decreased concentration of plasma fibronectin is associated with suboptimal mononuclear phagocyte system function and host defense, plasma fibronectin concentration was evaluated in 119 dogs with various forms of neoplasia. Included were 43 dogs with neoplasia of the skin and soft tissue, 18 with gastrointestinal tract neoplasia, 29 with mammary gland neoplasia, and 29 with various other types of neoplasia. Of the dogs studied, 44 (37%) had evidence of metastatic disease. This group had fibronectin concentration that differed significantly (P less than 0.01) from the plasma fibronectin concentration reference interval. Within this group, 9 dogs (20% of this group) had plasma fibronectin values within the reference interval, 33 (75%) had significantly (P less than 0.01) lower values than the reference interval, and 2 (5%) had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher values than the reference interval. These data suggested that fibronectin concentration determination, when results are abnormal, may be of diagnostic and prognostic interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Activation of fibrinolysis during xenoperfusion.

Ten rabbit kidneys were perfused at 80 mm Hg, 37 degrees C, with oxygenated recirculating heparinized human blood. These experiments were compared to another ten perfusion experiments where 1 unit/ml porcine plasmin was added to the human blood one hour before the perfusion, at which time the fibrinolytic activity was significant and the fibrinogen concentration under the detection limit. Rejection, determined as time until blood flow decreased to 2 ml/min, was not significantly delayed by addition of plasmin. At the end of the experiments, the fibrinolytic activity in the control experiment had increased above the activity in the plasmin added experiments, although the fibrinogen concentration was almost unchanged. Histological examinations demonstrated a decreased platelet deposition and the fall in platelet count was smaller in the plasmin experiments. C3d determinations revealed a slight activation of complement upon addition of plasmin, but the activation by xenoperfusion was much more pronounced and, at the end of the experiment, the C3d concentration was the same in the two groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence and causes of microscopic haematuria in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria.

The prevalence and causes of microscopic haematuria were examined in all Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria (diabetes duration greater than or equal to 5 years) attending the outpatient clinic at Hvidöre Hospital during 1985. One hundred eighty-four patients (69F/115M) out of 1024 Type 1 patients had persistent proteinuria (18%). Microscopic haematuria was defined as greater than or equal to 3 erythrocytes per high power field in two or more sterile urine samples. Twenty-three Type 1 patients with persistent proteinuria (7F/16M, aged 35.4 +/- 13 years) had microscopic haematuria (12.5%). No significant changes were found between the group with and without microscopic haematuria: blood pressure 148/89 +/- 22/11 versus 145/91 +/- 20/11 mmHg, duration of diabetes when persistent albuminuria occurred 17 +/- 8 versus 20 +/- 10 years, serum creatinine 99 +/- 24 versus 98 +/- 31 mumol/l, simplex retinopathy 61 versus 54%, proliferative retinopathy 39 versus 42%, and no signs of retinopathy 0 versus 4%. Kidney biopsy was performed in 13 out of the 23 patients with microscopic haematuria. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis was present in all 13 patients, but 9 patients had a non-diabetic renal disease superimposed (mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (n = 5), membranous glomerulonephritis (n = 3) and sarcoidosis (n = 1). Microscopic haematuria is a rare finding, frequently reflecting superimposed non-diabetic glomerulopathies, in Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and well preserved kidney function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Renography and biopsy-verified acute rejection in renal allotransplanted patients receiving cyclosporin A.

Acute impairment of renal function caused by cyclosporin A can be hard to differentiate from acute rejection. Therefore, kidney function after cadaveric allograft transplantation was repeatedly determined by renography in 42 patients receiving either high dose cyclosporin A (32 patients) or azathioprine and prednisone (10 patients) until a graft biopsy showed either acute rejection or no rejection within the first 5 postoperative weeks. The graft function as judged from the renograms was significantly poorer when cyclosporin A was used than when azathioprine and prednisone were the immunosuppressants. In the azathioprine and prednisone group a biopsy showing acute rejection was always preceded by a deterioration in the renogram. In cyclosporin A treated patients a graft biopsy following an early deterioration in the renogram showed acute rejection in only 56% of the biopsies. It was not possible to identify a time course or a function level of the renogram that could predict rejection in these patients. It is concluded that graft biopsies should be used liberally to diagnose rejection during cyclosporin A treatment if surgical complications after transplantation have been ruled out. Radionuclide studies may offer an invaluable aid in determining a nonnephrotoxic initial dose of the drug.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1987

Lithium: long-term effects on the kidney--II. Structural changes.

Forty-six patients treated with lithium for an average of 8 yr participated in a follow-up study involving a kidney biopsy. The results were compared with renal biopsy specimens from an age-matched group of controls never treated with lithium. The average number of totally scelerotic glomeruli and atrophic tubuli was higher in lithium-treated patients. The histopathological changes showed significant correlations with lithium dosage schedule. Both the proportions of sclerotic glomeruli, atrophic tubuli and focally distributed interstitial fibrosis were higher in patients receiving their lithium two or three times a day than when lithium was given in a single daily dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Metabolic control and B cell function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis.

Among 88 unselected patients with chronic pancreatitis 35% (95% confidence limits 25 to 46) had insulin-dependent diabetes, 31% (21% to 41%) had non-insulin-dependent diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (by intravenous glucose tolerance test), and 34% (24% to 45%) had normal glucose tolerance. B cell function measured by C-peptide concentration after 1 mg glucagon IV correlated with the pancreatic enzyme secretion (meal stimulated duodenal lipase content). B cell function was preserved to a greater extent (P less than .01), and glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting level of glucose were lower (P less than .01 to .05) in the 31 patients with pancreatogenic diabetes than than in 35 otherwise comparable patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, yet daily insulin dose was similar in the two groups. Glucagon stimulated C-peptide was inversely correlated to glycosylated hemoglobin in insulin-dependent patients with pancreatogenic diabetes and in type I diabetes. Since body mass indices were identical in the two groups, better glucoregulation was not due to reduced food intake or malabsorption in pancreatogenic diabetes. Rather residual B cell function and/or different secretion of other pancreatic hormones in pancreatogenic diabetes may account for different metabolic control in type I IDDM compared with insulin-dependent pancreatogenic diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Can myocardial infarction induce positive changes in family relationships?

Eighty-four male patients with a mean age of 56.4 years (range 34 to 65 years) were subjected to a semi-structured interview 12-21 weeks after acute myocardial infarction in order to elucidate possible positive changes in family or spouse relationships induced by or following on from the disease. There were appreciable positive alterations in the love and caring domains and in communication, especially in those patients (one third of the total) who considered their total life situation to be improved after the myocardial infarction. A majority of the patients judged their family's adaptation to the myocardial infarction as good. The authors argue that it is important to discover, and reinforce, possible positive changes within the family after a myocardial infarction in one of its members and not merely to focus on negative effects.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Is it possible to characterize recurrent urinary stone formers who benefit from thiazide prophylaxis? Application of discrimination analysis.

Twenty-three patients with recurrent urinary stones have been treated for 12-54 months with hydrochlorthiazide and 25 with placebo. Discrimination analysis was performed in order to distinguish patients with new stone formation (non-responders) from those without stone recurrence (responders) during the treatment. The discriminant function classified 16 out of 18 responders as such and 5 non-responders as such by using a combination of the three initial variables urinary pH, 24-h urine volume and serum phosphate. Eighteen other analysed variables and patient factors did not contribute to this discrimination. By using "leaving-one-out-technique", the probability for erroneously classifying a patient increased from 9 to 17%. Applying the discriminant function on the group receiving placebo, 92% of these patients were classified as responders to thiazide. It is concluded that discrimination analysis may give valuable information in characterizing patients who will benefit from a special therapy.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Urine eosinophil cationic protein in painful bladder disease.

Urine eosinophil cationic protein (U-ECP), blood eosinophils and eosinophils in bladder biopsy specimens were studied in 30 patients with painful bladder disease (15 with detrusor mastocytosis, i.e. interstitial cystitis (IC) (greater than or equal to 28 mast cells/mm2 in the detrusor muscle) and 15 patients without detrusor mastocytosis). In patients with IC the median concentration of U-ECP was 140 arbitrary u/l versus 14 arb. u/l in the remaining patients (P less than 0.001). The mean peripheral leukocyte count was significantly lower in the IC group (P less than 0.05). Tissue infiltration with eosinophils was found in 43% of the bladder biopsies from patients with IC compared with 4% of the biopsies in the remaining patients (P less than 0.05). A negative correlation between peripheral eosinophils and U-ECP was found in the patients with IC (r = 0.52, P less than 0.05). These results suggest that eosinophils are attracted to the inflammatory site in the bladder wall where ECP is released. Eosinophils thus seem to participate actively in the inflammatory process. U-ECP seems to provide valuable diagnostic information when diagnosing IC in patients with painful bladder disease. It is suggested that ECP might be involved in the process of tissue destruction in IC.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of the serum levels in primary non-agitated depressed out-patients treated with imipramine in combination with placebo, diazepam or dixyrazine.

Sixty-three non-agitated depressed out-patients were selected according to the Feighner-Robins-Guze criteria for primary depressions for a double-blind, between-patient randomized study for an 8 week duration. All the patients were treated with imipramine following a fixed dose schedule for the first 2 weeks and thereafter according to clinical response (100-200 mg/day). This treatment was combined with either placebo, diazepam (10 mg/day) or dixyrazine (50 mg/day). The serum concentration of imipramine both at 2 weeks and later was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the group treated with dixyrazine than in the other two groups. In the group treated with diazepam, the serum levels of imipramine and desipramine were significantly lower than in the placebo group. The serum concentrations of diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and dixyrazine were almost unchanged during the study. No significant correlation was found between the dosage and the serum concentration of imipramine or desipramine. The change in mean CPRS-score correlated neither with the imipramine nor with the desipramine serum levels, it did correlate but negatively with the degree of side effects. The degree of side effects correlated positively with the serum concentration of desipramine.

Adult↗