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Biomedical subjects

S Lal

Publications and source records attributed to S Lal.

450 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
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Home and hospital.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
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Distribution and trends of HIV infection in blood donors of four metropolitan cities.

Screening for HIV infection has been made mandatory for every unit of blood collected for transfusion in major cities of the country, having facilities for such screening. Results of HIV screening among blood donors received from the 4 Metropolitan cities of Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta and Madras have been analysed year wise from 1989 to 1991 to determine the magnitude and trends of HIV infection in different categories of blood donors and the seropositivity rates seems to be increasing over time. Universal coverage of HIV screening for donated blood has not been fully achieved and the justification and urgency for achieving complete coverage is highlighted.

Adult↗
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An international survey on the prognosis of occupational contact dermatitis of the hands.

Prognosis is a crucial topic in contact dermatitis. We recently reviewed the extensive literature on the prognosis of contact dermatitis. The majority of patients in these studies had persistent dermatitis. Job changes usually did not lead to a significant improvement for most patients with occupational contact dermatitis. We performed a worldwide survey of colleagues with expertise in treating patients suffering from occupational contact dermatitis of the hands. Of 65 experts, 51 returned questionnaires for analysis. 67% of European and 29% of respondents from Sweden, Denmark, Finland, United States of America, Canada, and Mexico stated that more than 75% of workers with severe hand dermatitis required a job change. 78% of the respondents found that chromate and 57% found that nickel allergy were associated with the worst possible prognosis. 98% felt that barrier creams were no more effective than bland emollients in the prevention of hand dermatitis.

Chronic Disease↗
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Changing trends in heroin abuse in India: an assessment based on treatment records.

The study of drug addicts who were treated in the drug-abuse facilities of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences during the period from 1981 to May 1984 indicates a steady increase in the number of heroin addicts who sought treatment in those facilities. The majority of heroin addicts were under 30 years of age (87.6 per cent), unmarried (67.6 per cent), had reached either high school or college (80.0 per cent) and reported having taken up to one gram per day (56.6 per cent) of the drug for one year or less (63.8 per cent). Heroin was mainly smoked (74.3 per cent) and in some cases inhaled, sniffed or injected. Up to 1981 there were no heroin addicts recorded in the treatment facilities. Other studies in India support this evidence. On the basis of the recency of heroin addiction in India, and its trend and development in other countries of the region, the authors predict a rapid increase in heroin addiction and in the manufacture of heroin in the country.

Adolescent↗
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Effect of probenecid on serum rifampicin levels.

Serum Rifampicin levels were determined by a microbiological assay using Staphylococcus aureus in 22 cases of leprosy after administering the drug with and without probenecid. Most of the patients showed higher serum rifampicin levels when probenecid was given along with rifampicin. Six patients showed statistically significant increase in the serum levels of the drug when given in the dose of 300 mg along with 1 g of probenecid one hour before breakfast and these levels were comparable with those obtained following administration of 450 mg of rifampicin alone two hours after breakfast. Thus administration of probenecid preceding rifampicin may be employed to reduce cost of drug as well as hepatotoxicity in patients requiring rifampicin for long duration.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
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Surveillance of acute diarrhoeal diseases at village level for effective home management of diarrhoea.

One thousand thirtynine infants, 794 children in their second year of life and 445 children in their third year of life were followed up longitudinally from April 1984 to March 1985. Nearly 6 episodes of diarrhoea per annum, during infancy, 5.49 episodes in second and 4.19 episodes during third year of life respectively, were experienced. On an average, each episode of diarrhoea lasted for four days. 20% of infants, 6.43% of children between 1-2 years and 7.26% of children between 2-3 years, experienced weight loss of 300 gm. or more following episode of diarrhoea. Diarrhoea case fatality rate was 1.8% and 0.75% for infants and children between 1-3 years of age respectively. Home management of diarrhoeas by mothers with the advocacy of anganwadi workers and health workers yielded dividends. Sustained efforts of this kind may go a long way in management of diarrhoeas.

Acute Disease↗
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HIV and AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
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Estimation of adult HIV prevalence as of the end of 1994 in India.

It is estimated that as of the end of 1994 approximately 1,750,000 adults were infected with HIV in India. This estimate is based upon a review of data provided by the National AIDS Control Organization. The methods to reach such estimate are succinctly reviewed and a series of scenarios presented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monkey bites: a public health problem in urban setting.

Animal bites constitute an important public health problem. Monkey bites accounted for 8.8% of total animal bites (1987-1991) treated in Postgraduate institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak. It was noted that monkeys are becoming the second most common animal to inflict bites. The hospital data revealed that 63.5% of the total animal bites belonged to class-III type. The article also details two case studies of monkey bites.

Abdominal Injuries↗