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Biomedical subjects

S Lal

Publications and source records attributed to S Lal.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology and control of malaria.

Malaria is essentially a local and focal disease since its transmission depends greatly on local eco-environmental conditions. In India, the incidence of total malaria cases has been contained to around 2-3 million cases per year. However, with the occurrence of outbreaks in different parts of the country since 1994, mortality due to malaria has increased. The challenges posed by changing epidemiological paradigms of malaria, occurrence of outbreaks, increasing trends of P. falciparum cases, spreading resistance to available anti-malarials and development of resistance of vectors to insecticides are areas for major concern. The National Anti-Malaria Programme has made necessary modifications/adjustments in the malaria control strategy with the adoption of the Global Malaria Control Strategy.

Child↗
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Empowering young girls for health and development.

Yuvati Vikas Kendra (YVK) model of empowering young girls in the age bracket of 7-19 years could raise the level of awareness and generate self-esteem and self-confidence in over 50% of young girls over a period of six months of operation. The YVK model was utilised by 37-55% of enrolled girls in different age brackets; thus these centres functioned well below their installed capacity. Functional inter-sectoral linkages have to be developed for better impact and better coverage. Data based information from other models of empowerment such as schools, non-formal system of education and Integrated Child Development Services Scheme, is called for to choose different alternatives for our country, as no uniform system can succeed in this vast country. Diversified modes and approaches for empowerment of young girls are needed.

Adolescent↗
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Participatory health communication and action through women groups in rural areas.

Twelve women groups in 10 villages of block Beri were identified and activized through participatory health communication actions for mother and child development. Women could undertaken responsibilities on key health problems concerning mothers and children. In these villages over 58% of antenatal mothers now used home made clean packets for delivery and chose right place for delivery. Most of them (60%) now initiate breast feeding immediately after delivery as against 23% in the year 1988. Over 54% of women now drink chlorinated water and almost same proportion used sugar salt solution in diarrheal diseases. Thus women have become self reliant in chlorination of wells and pots as also in diarrheal diseases management. Practice of hand washing has been almost universalized.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth hormone response to apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, in normal aging and in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

The growth hormone (GH) response to the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist, apomorphine HCl (Apo) (0.5 mg SC) was studied in young and elderly normal subjects as well as in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and controls matched for age, gender and Quetelet index. The GH response was significantly decreased in normal elderly men (mean age 67.3 years; N = 16) compared with young men (mean age 21.2 years; N = 12) and in elderly women (mean age 65.4 years; N = 9) compared with young women (mean age 25.5 years; N = 6) in the luteal phase but not in the early follicular phase. Young men had a significantly greater GH response than young women in either phase of the menstrual cycle. The decline in GH response with normal aging may be related to a decrease in sex steroid activity. There was no significant difference in GH response between DAT patients (N = 15) and paired controls. This suggests that hypothalamic D2 receptor function regulating GH secretion is not altered in DAT.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DRD3 and DAT1 genes in schizophrenia: an association study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of the dopamine receptor 3 (DRD3) and transporter 1 (DAT1) genes in schizophrenia or in modulating its phenotype. METHODS: a Ser9Gly polymorphism in codon 9 of the DRD3 and a VNTR polymorphism in the DAT1genes were examined in two groups of schizophrenic patients, one of excellent neuroleptic responders (N=42) and one of nonresponders (N=64). A group of healthy volunteers screened for major psychiatric disorders was also included (N=89). In addition, age at onset of psychotic symptoms, attention performance and family loading for schizophrenia spectrum disorders were compared between patients with different genotypes in the DRD3 and DAT1 genes. RESULTS: No significant differences in the allelic distribution of the DRD3 and DAT1 polymorphisms were detected between schizophrenic patients and controls. A trend toward an excess of DRD3 genotype Gly/Gly was observed in neuroleptic nonresponder schizophrenic patients compared to controls (chi(2)=3. 30, df=1, p=0.07). No significant differences in age at onset of psychotic symptoms, attention task performance or family loading for schizophrenia spectrum disorders were observed between groups with different DRD3 and DAT1 genotypes. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the role of either of these genes in increasing susceptibility to schizophrenia or in modulating its phenotype in the studied population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of induced reflections on human arterial waveforms.

1. External compression of the human brachial artery results in waveform reflection. 2. Resonant waves are found superimposed on the original blood pressure signal. 3. The mechanism may be likened to the operation of an organ pipe with reflections at both ends of an arterial segment. 4. This has implications for measurements in arteries where external pressure is applied.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spasmodic torticollis and phobic neurosis.

Psychopathology is reported to be common in patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST). We describe two ST patients with a coexisting phobic neurosis. In the first patient the phobic neurosis appeared independent of ST. In the second patient the phobia could be directly attributed to the development of essential tremor which may be an antecedent to the onset of ST. The two phobias were successfully eliminated with paradoxical intention. The elimination of the phobia had no effect on ST. Care should be taken in assuming that the presence of psychopathology is causally relevant to the development of ST.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of increasing estradiol levels on platelet peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in women undergoing human menopausal gonadotropin treatment.

The effect of increasing serum estradiol levels on platelet [3H]PK 11195 binding was investigated to determine the influence of gonadal steroids on platelet peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites. Serum estradiol and platelet [3H]PK 11195 binding were determined in 10 anovulatory, but otherwise healthy women before and after treatment with human menopausal gonadotropin. Despite a 30-fold increase in posttreatment estradiol, the kinetic parameters of platelet [3H]PK 11195 binding (Kd, Bmax) remained essentially unchanged. These data indicate that peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites on platelets are not influenced by elevated concentrations of estradiol. Thus, it is suggested that variations in circulating levels of this female gonadal steroid are likely not responsible for the modifications in platelet peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites seen in association with various disease states.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of function in head-injured patients with Sinemet.

The effects of Sinemet (levodopa + carbidopa) on 12 patients with head injury with diffuse brain damage were evaluated. All patients had suffered moderate to severe traumatic brain injury resulting in physical, cognitive, communicative, emotional and behavioural deficits. All patients had plateaued in their rehabilitation programmes for more than 2 weeks before initiation of Sinemet. All patients showed functional cognitive and behavioural improvement with Sinemet. The degree of improvement appears to depend on the pre-treatment condition and the time between injury and treatment. Larger controlled studies are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Presidential address.

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Communicable Diseases↗