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Biomedical subjects

S L Waller

Publications and source records attributed to S L Waller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Exocrine pancreatic function and chronic unexplained dyspepsia. A case-control study.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diminished mean tryptic activity (MTA) in duodenal juice of patients with nonulcer dyspepsia following injection of a Lundh test meal. Two separate studies were undertaken. The first examined a consecutive group of 100 patients with suspected pancreatic disease referred over a period of 2 yr. In these patients, receiver-operating-characteristic analysis was used to determine the point of best discrimination, which occurred at 7 microEq/mL/min when non-pancreatic disease patients were compared with those with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. The second study involved 22 patients with endoscopically confirmed nonulcer dyspepsia. The MTA for the patients with unexplained dyspepsia did not differ from 17 healthy controls, but a further 16 pancreatic disease control patients had significantly decreased values (p less than 0.01). Six patients with unexplained dyspepsia (27%) had an MTA of 7 microEq/min/mL or less, indicating impaired pancreatic function, which was more frequent than in healthy controls (p = 0.02). These six patients had significantly different symptoms, being more likely to have pain radiating through to the back (p = 0.017) and pain waking them from sleep (p = 0.002), and less likely to have postprandial pain (p = 0.045). It was of interest that the alcohol intake was not greater in these six patients. It is concluded that pancreatic disease may explain the symptoms of some patients with nonulcer dyspepsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of melatonin on induction of estrous cycles in anestrous ewes.

To examine the influence of melatonin on seasonality of reproduction, 97 multiparous Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewes were randomly assigned to one of four treatment (TRT) groups in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were as follows: 1) control (C); 2) melatonin (M); 3) progestogen (P) implant of norgestomet plus pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) injection (P + PMSG) and 4) M plus TRT 3 (M + P + PMSG). From April 3 to June 24 an oral dose of 2 mg M was administered once daily at 1600 to each ewe in TRT groups M and M + P + PMSG. On April 30, ewes in groups P + PMSG and M + P + PMSG were implanted in the ear with 2 mg norgestomet for 13 d. Immediately following implant removal, each ewe was injected with 500 IU PMSG. Blood samples were collected from all ewes twice weekly from March 22 through June 24. Number of estrous cycles per ewe during the TRT period of 82 d (April 3 to June 24) was higher (P less than .05) for M + P + PMSG (2.1 +/- .2) than for C (.3 +/- .2), M (1.5 +/- .2) and P + PMSG (1.1 +/- .2). Control ewes had fewer (P less than .05) estrous cycles per ewe than either M or P + PMSG. Following the induced estrus, 40% of ewes in the M TRT had one estrous cycle; 32% had two or more cycles. For ewes treated with M + P + PMSG, 24% had one cycle, and 32% had two estrous cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anestrus↗
PubMed1987

Reproductive performance of Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewes and ewe lambs exposed to vasectomized rams before breeding.

Multiparous Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewes were randomly allotted to treatments within breed and year to measure effects of ram exposure, during transition from anestrus to breeding activity, on reproductive performance. Treatments were: 1) ewes joined with two mature vasectomized Rambouillet rams for 15 d before breeding (DC), 2) ewes maintained across a net wire fence from two vasectomized rams for 15 d before breeding (FC) and 3) ewes maintained approximately 400 m away from rams (NC). At the end of the 15 d, all ewes were placed in one pasture and mated to three fertile Suffolk rams during a 34-d breeding season. A total of 96 Suffolk and 177 Suffolk-cross ewes was utilized during the 3-yr experiment. A greater (P less than .05) prebreeding ovulation percentage was observed in DC and FC than in NC ewes. Mating and lambing occurred approximately 6 d earlier for DC or FC ewes than for NC ewes. A similarly designed experiment was conducted using Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewe lambs allotted to treatments within breed and year to measure effects of ram exposure during the natural breeding season, but prior to breeding. Treatment differences were not detected (P greater than .05) for date of first observed estrus, date of lambing, percentage of ewes lambing in the first 17 d of the lambing season, number of lambs born per ewe lamb exposed or number of lambs born per ewe lamb giving birth.

Anestrus↗
PubMed1983

A postmortem appraisal of a clinicopathologic staging system in large-bowel cancer.

The autopsy findings of 100 patients who had a resection for large-bowel cancer and who were classified by a clinicopathologic staging system were analyzed. Seventy patients had carcinoma at autopsy. The value of this method of staging was assessed by relating the stage at operation to these findings. Forty-five per cent of early stage tumors (A or B) were found to have metastases. If the detection rate of occult metastases could be improved for stage A and B tumors, this might increase the prognostic accuracy of this staging system.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1983

The personality pattern of patients with chronic peptic ulcer. A case-control study.

The personality assessment of 96 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and 70 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) was carried out using the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). Two control groups were used; one group comprised community controls and the other patient controls--that is, patients with cholelithiasis. Three of the four personality characteristics that distinguished female GU and/or DU patients from controls--emotional instability, tension, and anxiety--and the two characteristics that distinguished male GU patients--low enthusiasm and low self-control--are components of neuroticism. Female GU patients in exacerbation resembled those in remission, and GU and DU patients had similar personality profiles. Although a distinct personality pattern has yet to be identified in peptic ulcer, the results of this study and others suggest that both GU and DU are associated with the personality abnormalities of anxiety and neuroticism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The Lundh test: a review of its clinical use in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease.

The clinical value of the Lundh test in the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders was reviewed retrospectively for 139 patients with proven pancreatic disease (15 acute and 72 chronic pancreatitis, 51 carcinoma of the pancreas and one partial pancreatectomy). There was a good separation between patients with pancreatic disease and those with other gastrointestinal disorders who presented with similar symptoms. The test was most helpful in patients with chronic pancreatitis (diagnostic rate 89%, mean tryptic activity (MTA) less than 7 U), more particularly in those presenting with jaundice or steatorrhoea (100%) than pain (86%), but less successful (diagnostic rate 68%) in carcinoma of the pancreas (steatorrhoea 100%; jaundice 64%; pain 55%). Complete absence of bile from duodenal juice in jaundiced patients usually indicated pancreatic or hepatobiliary carcinoma. An abnormal but not diagnostic MTA (7 to less than 10 U) was seen in 7% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, 13% with carcinoma of the pancreas and 11% with non-pancreatic disorders and suggested the need for further pancreatic investigation. Cytological examination of duodenal juice increased the usefulness of the test. Although malignant cells were rarely seen, characteristic (degenerate) cells were found in 22 of 44 (50%) patients with, but only five of 85 (6%) without pancreatic disease, even when the MTA was normal. The Lundh test can be conveniently combined with a jejunal biopsy at the same intubation for the investigation of diarrhoea or steatorrhoea.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

The diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic disease: the present position reviewed.

In this paper, recent advances in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease are reviewed, together with older methods currently in use. The clinical role of these techniques in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease is discussed with particular reference to symptomatology and prognosis of the various pancreatic disorders. Likely future developments in this field are considered.

Amylases↗
PubMed1978

Effect of ulcer healing on the prognosis of chronic gastric uler. Four-year follow-up.

Eighty three patients were followed-up for four years after an admission to hospital with a chronic gastric ulcer proven by radiology (index ulcer). The index ulcer healed completely in 50 patients, but was unhealed at the time of discharge in the other 33. Significantly fewer patients whose index ulcer was healed compared with those whose ulcer was unhealed at discharge had had a recurrence by one (p < 0.05), two, three and four years' (p < 0.01) follow-up. Moreover, the rate of recurrence was significantly greater for those patients with unhealed, compared with those with a healed index ulcer (p < 0.05) and by the end of the four-year period 61% of patients with unhealed, compared with 26% of those with healed index ulcers had had a recurrence. Patients over the age of 60 years with unhealed index ulcers had a significantly poorer prognosis than those of similar age whose index ulcer was healed at discharge (p < 0.025). The sex of the ulcer patient did not significantly influence ulcer recurrence. Large ulcers (> 57 mm(2)) were less often healed on initial discharge and were more frequently associated with recurrence at one (p < 0.05), two (p < 0.025), three and four years (p < 0.01) than smaller ulcers ([unk]57 mm(2)). Heavy intake of analgesics adversely influenced the course of patients whose ulcer was unhealed (p < 0.05), but did not alter the recurrence rate in those whose ulcer was healed. Ulcer recurrence was not influenced by smoking habits or by alcohol consumption.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Differential measurement of small and large bowel transit times in constipation and diarrhoea: A new approach.

Differential measurements of small and large bowel transit times were performed in 13 subjects iwth a radiotelemetering pressure-sensitive capsule incorporating less than 10mugCi of 51-Cr. Six patients had constipation. The other seven patients had diarrhoea due to the irritable bowel syndrome (3), following vagotomy and pyloroplasty (3), or due to laxative abuse (1). This new method enables the gastric, small intestinal, and colonic transit times to be measured differentially in the same subject. The capsule can be localized in the gut lumen by reference to the characteristic pressure pattern and in relation to bony landmarks by the radioactive marker as frequently as desired without recourse to radiographs. The results show that gastric emptying and small intestinal transit did not differ in constipation and diarrhoea. By contrast the mean colonic transit was significantly faster (P smaller than 0.01) in diarrhoea whatever the cause (17.5 plus or minus 4.1 hours) than in constipation (118 plus or minus 4.1 hours).

Adult↗
PubMed1973

The Lundh test in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease: a review of five years' experience.

An analysis of 523 Lundh tests performed on 492 patients over a five-year period has been made. The results suggest that the test is a simple, cheap, and reliable procedure for the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and is suitable for both specialized units and general hospitals. It is particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of patients with steatorrhoea or obstructive jaundice and can often distinguish between malignant and benign lesions, as well as indicating the site of the obstruction. It is of lesser value in the diagnosis of abdominal pain.

Abdomen↗