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Biomedical subjects

S L Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to S L Taylor.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Peanut oil is not allergenic to peanut-sensitive individuals.

Ten peanut-sensitive patients were enrolled in a double-blind crossover trial to determine whether ingestion of peanut oil can induce adverse reactions in such individuals. All patients had experienced prior allergic reactions to peanut ingestion, including any of the following: generalized urticaria, angioedema, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, bronchospasm, or shock. All patients had elevated levels of serum IgE antibodies to both crude peanut extract and the purified peanut allergen, Peanut-I, by RAST assay; binding values ranged from 2 to 26 times that of negative control serum. All patients demonstrated negative puncture skin tests to both peanut oil and olive oil (control). At 30-min intervals, patients ingested 1, 2, and 5 ml of either oil contained in 1 ml capsules while under constant observation. These quantities exceed the maximum estimated dose of peanut oil that would occur in single meals. Patients returned 2 wk later for ingestion challenge with the remaining oil. No untoward reactions were observed with either peanut oil or olive oil. Peanut oil ingestion does not pose a risk to peanut-sensitive individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Allergenicity of various peanut products as determined by RAST inhibition.

Extracts of 19 different peanut products and peanut oil were tested for their allergenicity by the radioallergosorbent test inhibition assay using a crude peanut extract from raw peanuts as the standard for comparison. Seventeen of the extracts were able to competitively inhibit the binding of serum IgE from peanut-sensitive patients with the solid-phase raw peanut extract. Peanut oil and the extract from hydrolyzed peanut protein did not inhibit binding, which suggests that these products are not allergenic. The peanut hull flour extract showed a slight ability to inhibit binding, suggesting that this product contains minor amounts of the peanut allergen.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

Isolation of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica from porcine tongues.

Thirty-one tongues from apparently normal, freshly slaughtered pigs were assayed for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica by different enrichment and postenrichment techniques. Sixteen different isolates were recovered, including six of serotype O:8, four of serotype O:6,30, two of serotype O:3 phage type IXb, and one each of serotypes O:13,7, O:18, and O:46. One isolate was not typable. Cold enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline followed by treatment with dilute KOH or subsequent enrichment in modified Rappaport broth recovered 12 and 7 isolates, respectively. Four of the same isolates were recovered from the same tongues by both procedures. Cold enrichment without a selective postenrichment treatment recovered two isolates. Direct enrichment in modified Rappaport broth or modified selenite broth was ineffective in recovering yersiniae, as no isolates were obtained by either method. All of the serotype O:8 isolates were virulent to mice, causing the death of adults after oral challenge. This is the first report that associates Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 with a natural reservoir.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Histamine production by Klebsiella pneumoniae and an incident of scombroid fish poisoning.

A histamine-producing strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from a sample of tuna sashimi implicated in an outbreak of scombroid fish poisoning. None of the other nine gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the tuna sashimi was capable of equivalent histamine production. Bacterial histamine production was monitored in a tuna fish infusion broth (TFIB), and the implicated K. pneumoniae was capable of producing 442 mg of histamine per 100 g of tuna in TFIB in 7 h under controlled incubation conditions. Only 12 of 50 other K. pneumoniae strains, representing 5 distinct biochemical types, which had been originally isolated from foods, were able to produce such levels of histamine in TFIB. No correlation was found between histamine production and other biochemical characteristics or antibiotic resistance. Of the 12 histamine-producing strains, 11 belonged to type 2, which is characterized as indole negative with positive reactions in the urea and Voges-Proskauer tests. However, only 50% of the type 2 strains examined produced high levels of histamine in TFIB. Additionally, the implicated K. pneumoniae strain and one other strain belonged to type 1, which is characterized by positive reactions in the indole, urea, and Voges-Proskauer tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of thin-layer chromatographic detection methods for histamine from food extracts.

The specificity and sensitivity of four visualization reagents, ninhydrin, o-phthalaldehyde (OPT), fluorescamine and o-diacetylbenzene (DAB), for the detection of histamine on thin-layer chromatograms developed in several optimal solvent systems were compared. While the ninhydrin reagent is the most sensitive with a detection limit of 0.4 nmoles of histamine, the DAB and fluorescamine reagents offer the most potential as histamine-specific visualization reagents. The OPT reagent was unsatisfactory because the fluorescent sports developed with this reagent were unstable. Of 19 amines tested in addition to histamine, ninhydrine reacted with 17, fluorescamine with 8 and DAB with 15. Since only histidyl-leucine, octopamine, serotonin and tryptophan interfere in the resolution of histamine in any of the solvent systems used, DAB provides some advantages by not reacting with histidyl-leucine. In addition, with the acetone-ammonia (95:5) solvent system, which adequately separates histamine from all other tested amines, no background interference problems were noted when using DAB as the visualization reagent. Background interference problems with the acetone-ammonia system were evident with the other visualization reagents. The sensitivity of the DAB and fluorescamine methods (4 nmoles of histamine) allows both reagents to act as semi-quantitative screening agents for potentially toxic levels of histamine in food extracts. With a variety of food samples, DAB visualization following development in acetone-ammonia (95:5) was the optimal thin-layer chromatographic method.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1978

Thin-layer chromatographic screening methods for histamine in tuna fish.

Twelve solvent systems were tested for their ability to separate histamine and histidine on a variety of thin-layer coatings. The best solvent-adsorbent systems were: chloroform-methanol-ammonia (2:2:1), methanol-ammonia (20:1), acetone-ammonia (95:5), and double development with (a) n-butanol-acetone-water (2:2:1) and (b) chloroform-methanol-ammonia (12:7:1), all on silica-gel layers. Ninhydrin was used as the visualization reagent. These four systems were then evaluated for their potential use as rapid screening procedures in the detection of possibly deleterious levels of histamine in tuna fish. Successful separation of histamine from the other ninhydrin-positive components of methanolic tuna fish extracts was achieved with all four systems. A sample from a lot of tuna implicated in human illness was found to have a histamine level considerably higher than tuna purchased from a local retail outlet or an extract spiked to a histamine level considered to be a threshold value for toxicity symptoms. The methanol-ammonia (20:1) and chloroform-methanol-ammonia (2:2:1) systems, used with silica-gel plates, are the most promising for rapid preliminary screening of tuna fish extracts for histamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of variations in host and parasite density on the level of parasitization of Lymnaea truncatula by Fasciola hepatica.

Groups of the snail Lymnaea truncatula, maintained at a range of spatial densities, were exposed to different densities of miracidia of Fasiola hepatica. The resulting degree of parasitization was measured 3--4 weeks after infection. The relationship between parasite densities and parasitization appeared to be curvilinear. The lower than expected parasitization at high parasite densities could be explained by the multiple infection of some snails by two or more miracidia. The level of parasitization was not related exponentially to the temperature at which infection was carried out. This was thought to be due to the inverse relationship between miracidial longevity and swimming speed, with respect to temperature. A depth of free water overlying a mud surface was an absolute requirement for miracidia to successfully infect snails.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Scombroid poisoning. Report of an outbreak.

An outbreak of scombroid poisoning occurred in San Francisco in the fall of 1977. The vehicle was sashimi prepared from spoiled tuna fish. Prompt public health measures prevented further consumption of the implicated food. Laboratory studies showed the presence in the tuna of bacterial species capable of producing large amounts of histamine, a substance strongly implicated in scombroid poisoning. Chemical analysis showed that histamine is very unevenly distributed in the flesh of spoiling tuna, therefore accounting for the sometimes random occurrence of disease among people eating the same food at the same table.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Sensitive fluorometric method for tissue tocopherol analysis.

A sensitive, highly reproducible method for tissue tocopherol analysis that combines saponification in the presence of large nmount of ascorbic acid to remove interfering substances, extraction fo the nonsponifiable lipids with hexane, and fluorometric measurement of the tocopherol is presented. The nonsaponifiable lipids phase contained only one fluorochrome in the 290 am excitation and 330 nm emission range, and it was identified as tocopherol by thin layer and column chromatography. Column chromatography of the hexane extract of a saponified, 14C-tocopherolspiked microsomal fraction showed that no measurable oxidation to tocopherylquinone had occurred. The flurometric method for tocopherol analysis was applied to homogenates and subcellular fractions from rat liver, kidney, lung, and heart and red blood cells. The heavy mitochondrial and microsomal fractions had the highest subcellular concentrations of tocopherol.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Distribution of dipeptidase activity between lysosomes and soluble fraction of rat liver.

Dipeptidase activity toward Arg-Phe, Arg-Gly, and Trp-Leu exhibited bimodal distribution in the lysosomal and soluble fractions of rat liver. The majority (50-70 percent) of the dipeptidase activity was present in the soluble fraction. Some evidence for a plasma membrane dipeptidase, which hydrolyzes Trp-Leu but not Arg-Phe or Arg-Gly, also was found. The lysosomal dipeptidase activity had a pH optimum of 6.0-7.0, and was activated by sulfhydryl reagents. Lysosomal localization for some of the dipeptidase activity was established with Triton WR-1339 fractionation and latency experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Attitudes of mental health center staff toward community organization.

The authors report on the differences in attitudes and perceptions that clinical and community organization staff have about the role of community organizers in a mental health center and about the center's priorities. Community organizers defined their role as one enabling the community to act on social-welfare problems, while clinical staff defined it as a liaison role connecting community residents and clinical services. Community organizers placed less value on traditional services, and felt greater dissatisfaction with center priorities.

Allied Health Personnel↗