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Biomedical subjects

S Kusunoki

Publications and source records attributed to S Kusunoki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Localization of sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids in human dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia.

Sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs) in human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sympathetic ganglion (SG) were analyzed biochemically and immunohistochemically. SGGLs were enriched in human DRG (1.02 +/- 0.23 micrograms/mg protein), whereas much lower concentrations of these glycolipids (0.043 +/- 0.23 micrograms/mg protein) were detected in SG. Myelin within DRG and SG was immunostained by anti-SGGL antiserum, although only a few myelinated fibers were seen in SG. Nerve cell bodies or unmyelinated fibers were not immunostained. Subcellular fractionation study of human DRG demonstrated that these glycolipids were not only enriched in myelin but also in the axolemma-enriched fraction. These data are consistent with the view that SGGLs may be expressed on myelinated fibers in myelin and axolemma, suggesting that these compounds may play an important role in regulating myelinogenesis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

Autoimmune mechanisms in peripheral neuropathies.

In certain patients with demyelinating neuropathy and plasma cell dyscrasia, there are IgM monoclonal antibodies that recognize a carbohydrate epitope shared by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and at least two acidic glycolipids in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The structures of the two acidic lipids have been elucidated as a new class of glycosphingolipids, termed sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs). SGGLs have been demonstrated to be present in myelin, axolemma, and other glia-related membranes in PNS of several animal species, as well as in human dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia. In rabbits sensitized with sulfoglucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG), a major SGGL in PNS, antibodies developed with reactivities toward SGPG and MAG. The animals also showed moderate weakness, a slowed nerve conduction velocity, and evidence of conduction block. Recently we also found SGPG in rat brain microvessels. This finding supports our hypothesis that autoantibodies may first interact with endothelial cell-bound antigens and that this might change the permeability of the blood-brain or blood-nerve barrier to permit the entry of these autoantibodies into the nervous system. Our data are consistent with the concept that an autoimmune response against the sulfoglucuronyl residue may participate in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated neuropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the microplate hybridization method for rapid identification of Legionella species.

Rapid genetic identification of 23 Legionella species was performed using microdilution plate hybridization. When an isolate appeared to be a strain of the Legionella species, its DNA was quickly extracted, labelled with photobiotin and distributed to microdilution wells where 23 different DNAs had previously been immobilized. After hybridization for 90 min at 45 degrees C, the microdilution well which emitted the maximum fluorescence was determined. The criterion for interpreting results of this genetic identification method is given.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal development of the os penis in male mice treated neonatally with tamoxifen.

The os penis of male C57BL/Tw mice given 5 daily injections of 100 micrograms tamoxifen (Tx) starting on the day of birth (day 0) was examined at ages of 5-60 days; the bones of males given Tx injections for 5 days starting at 0-10 days and of those given neonatal injections of 100 micrograms clomiphene or nafoxidine were examined at 60 days. In the control males given the vehicle alone, the proximal segment of the os penis, composed of a compact cell mass found at day 0, developed at 5 days into the membrane bone with bone marrow and hyaline cartilage; the distal segment, composed of mesenchymatous cells until 10 days, developed at 30 days into fibrocartilage characterized by a distribution of type I collagen. By contrast, in Tx mice, fibrocartilage in the distal segment, and hyaline cartilage characterized by a distribution of type II collagen, and bone marrow in the proximal segment disappeared by 30 days. The maximum area of the proximal and distal segments gradually increased with age in control mice, whereas the proximal segment area remained unchanged in Tx mice. In clomiphene and nafoxidine mice at 60 days, the proximal segment was composed of hyaline cartilage; however, the distal segment lacked fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage in the proximal segment and fibrocartilage in the distal segment disappeared in all 60-day-old mice given Tx starting within 5 days. Neonatal castration did not suppress the formation of bone marrow and fibrocartilage in the os penis, though the bone size was smaller than in the intact controls. Formation of spines on the glans penis skin was suppressed by Tx given within 5 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Motor-dominant neuropathy with multifocal conduction block].

Patient 1 was a 39-year-old man; patient 2, a 42-year-old woman; patient 3, a 78-year-old man. Leading symptoms were chronic asymmetrical weakness in all three cases, which started in a distal portion of the upper extremities. Muscle atrophy was often less prominent than would be expected from the power of the muscle. Fasciculations were observed in two patients and the initial symptom of patient 2 was painful cramp of the right thumb. Patient 1 initially had mild transient dysesthesia of the right fingers. The other two patients had no sensory symptoms or signs. General laboratory tests revealed no particular abnormalities except that patient 3 had mild diabetes mellitus, although the type of neuropathy in patient 3 was quite different from diabetic neuropathy. Total protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 34, 32 and 43 mg/dl in three patients, respectively (normally, less than 40 mg/dl). Motor nerve conduction studies revealed conduction block in more than one nerve in every case. Conduction velocities were generally normal in those segments of nerve where conduction block was not detected. Serum anti-ganglioside antibodies were investigated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Glycolipids used as the antigen include GM1, GM2, GM3, GD1b, GD3, GT1b, GQ1b, GA1 and galactocerebroside. Strong IgM antibody activity against GM1, GD1b and GA1 was noted in patient 1. Weaker but significant IgM antibody activities against GM1 and GA1 were detected in patient 2 and 3. Thin-layer chromatography immunostaining also confirmed these results. Muscle biopsy in patient 1 revealed a lot of target fibers and profuse polyglucosan bodies in the axons of intramuscular nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A study on display and accuracy of occlusal contacts by means of T-Scan System].

The various methods were introduced in the daily prosthodontic field evaluating occlusal contacts for diagnosis and analysis. Maness in 1987 developed the T-Scan system, which is considered as a new computerized device capable to interpret occlusal contacts information quantitatively. The system is composed of a sensor, sensor frame, handle, cable and system unit. Record and analysis mode made possible the occlusal contacts in three ways, such as the balance plot, the time display and comparison screen. However, accuracy and reproducibility of occlusal marking through this system is still uncertain. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted on four specific points loaded on a sensor by application of the weight of 0.1 kg through 10 kg. The following results were obtained 1. There exists certain non-sensible areas caused by its constructional feature. 2. The most sensible area can be measured from 0.1 Kg to 2.1 Kg, and therefore, this device is more suitable for recording within lower loadings. 3. Although the system has a certain disadvantage of reproducibility, this contributes to attain diagnosis and treatment of occlusal contacts for a quantitative evaluation.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMed1989

Discrimination of human dorsal root ganglion cells by anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody.

Some neurons and surrounding satellite cells in human dorsal root ganglia were immunostained with rabbit IgM antibody against the ganglioside fucosyl GM1. They were not immunostained with the anti-GM1 antiserum. Immunohistochemical discrimination of neurons in human dorsal root ganglia by the anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody may give us an important clue to the functional identification of neurons conveying different modalities of sensation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

High resolution proton NMR studies of gangliosides. Structure of two types of GD3 lactones and their reactivity with monoclonal antibody R24.

Ganglioside GD3 was converted at room temperature to two stable lactones, denoted as GD3 lactones I and II. The reaction sequence was presumed to be GD3----GD3 lactone I----GD3 lactone II based on the time course of their production. Lactone I behaved as a monosialoganglioside and lactone II as a neutral species. The two lactones were isolated by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The positions of the inner ester linkages were investigated by two-dimensional J-correlated proton NMR spectroscopy. An ester linkage was most likely formed between the carboxyl group of the external sialic acid residue and C9-OH of the internal sialic acid residue in lactone I. In addition to this ester linkage, a second ester linkage between the carboxyl group of the internal sialic acid and C2-OH of the galactose residue was likely formed in lactone II. The structural changes induced by lactonization were further examined by their reactivity with the monoclonal antibody R24 (Puckel, C. S., Lloyd, K. O., Travassos, L. R., Dippold, W. G., Oettgen, H. F., and Old, L. J. (1982) J. Exp. Med. 155, 1133-1147), which reacted with GD3. R24 was found to bind weakly to GD3 lactone I, but not to GD3 lactone II. The results suggest that the monoclonal antibody requires both sialic acid residues for high affinity binding, and the complete lactonization results in a loss of negative charges and/or a change in the overall conformation of the oligosaccharide moiety which may account for the loss of binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Correlation between mammary tumor and blood glucose, serum insulin, and free fatty acids in mice.

The blood glucose level and serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and free fatty acids were examined in 7- to 8-mo-old female SHN mice with or without spontaneous mammary tumors (MT). Blood glucose levels in the females with MT were significantly higher than in those without MT, rising in proportion to the increase in size of MT up to 30 mm in diameter. In 4-mo-old male SHN and 11-mo-old female C57BL mice bearing mammary tumor grafts (MTg), the blood glucose level was significantly higher than in mice without MTg. Serum insulin and free fatty acids in female SHN mice with MT rose to higher levels than in mice without MT, whereas serum glucagon levels were unaltered. In 50% of mice with MT, pancreatic islets contained a large number of pyknotic cells. Livers of mice with MT or MTg were significantly heavier than those of mice without MT or MTg. In both female SHN mice with spontaneous MT and male SHN and female C57BL mice with MTg, the total number of hepatocytes and the total amount of liver DNA increased significantly compared with values from corresponding controls without MT or MTg. These findings suggest that MT or MTg induce a hyperglycemic state and an enhanced production of free fatty acids and insulin, which may in turn stimulate the growth of mammary tumors and the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Motor dominant neuropathy and IgM paraproteinemia: the IgM M-protein binds to specific gangliosides.

In a case of motor-dominant neuropathy and IgM paraproteinemia, the binding specificity of the serum IgM M-protein was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum IgM M-protein bound preferentially to ganglioside GM1 with slight cross-reactivity to both GM2 and GD1b. The binding specificity of the antibody and clinicopathological features are discussed.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1988

Combined features of myasthenia gravis and Eaton-Lambert syndrome: anti-ganglioside antibodies in serum.

We studied 2 patients with Eaton-Lambert syndrome showing some features of myasthenia gravis. Among 9 different glycolipid antigens examined, serum titers of IgG antibodies to GT1b, GD1a, and sialylparagloboside were increased. Those antibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of the presynaptic neuromuscular block that was presumed to be present in these patients.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1988

Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs using myelin basic protein and myelin glycolipids.

Strain 13 guinea pigs were immunized with galactocerebroside, asialo-GM1 (GA1) or GM4 ganglioside in association with myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to produce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The clinical and pathological features, serum antibodies, and lipid compositions of affected brains and spinal cords were compared with those of guinea pigs immunized with MBP, in CFA, alone. Perivascular demyelination was seen in brains from all guinea pigs immunized with GA1/MBP. The incidence and degree of demyelination in this group were significantly higher than in the group immunized with only MBP. The onset of EAE was slightly, but significantly, retarded in groups of animals immunized with GM4/MBP and there was no detectable demyelination. Otherwise, no significant differences were detected between groups. Augmentation of EAE by myelin glycolipids may provide some important clues in understanding the mechanism of demyelinating diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

A human IgM M-protein in a patient with unknown bleeding disorder binds to beta-galactosyl and beta-glucosyl residues.

In a patient with an unknown bleeding disorder and an IgM lambda paraproteinemia, we demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography immunostaining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that this protein specifically bound to a number of glycolipids and glycoproteins which have terminal beta-galactosyl or beta-glucosyl residues. Binding to galactosylceramide or glucosylceramide was inhibited by both galactosylceramide and glucosylceramide. From these studies, it is apparent that the M-protein recognized both beta-galactosyl and beta-glucosyl residues. This M-protein was also shown to prolong the partial thromboplastin time of normal plasma. Thus, this case represents an example of anti-carbohydrate specificity of an IgM M-protein in association with a spontaneous bleeding disorder.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1987

Subcellular localization of sulfated glucuronic acid-containing glycolipids reacting with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody.

Peripheral nerve glycolipids, with which anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibodies from patients with demyelinating neuropathy and plasma cell dyscrasia cross-react, proved to be novel glycosphingolipids containing a sulfated glucuronyl residue. Consequently, there has been much interest in the immunological role that these sulfated glucuronyl-glycosphingolipids (SGGLs) may play in the pathogenesis of this disorder. For the determination of the distribution of these glycolipids in various nervous tissues and, thereby, the elucidation of their pathogenicity, a quantitative immunostaining-TLC method for their detection has been devised. Using this method, we demonstrated that these glycolipids were distributed in greatly different amounts in the peripheral nerves from human, bovine, chicken, rat, and rabbit. Subcellular localization studies of bovine peripheral nerve also demonstrated that they were enriched in the axolemma-enriched fraction and present in glial-related membranes in lower concentrations. In addition, these glycolipids were present in bovine dura mater and transformed rat Schwann cells. These biochemical results suggest that not only myelin but also axons could be involved as targets of the anti-MAG antibody in macroglobulinemia neuropathy, and it may also be necessary to examine anti-SGGL activity in patients with axonal neuropathy associated with plasma cell dyscrasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Neuropathy and IgM paraproteinemia: differential binding of IgM M-proteins to peripheral nerve glycolipids.

Two patients with neuropathy and IgM paraproteinemia displayed different immunoreactivity to acidic peripheral nerve glycolipids. In one patient, immunostaining on thin-layer chromatographic plate revealed binding of the IgM to sulfated glucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG) and sulfated glucuronosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside (SGLPG). The other IgM bound SGPG, SGLPG, and a new third glycolipid. Immunoreactivity of the IgM varies in this syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A growth-promoting factor existing on the body surface of rats.

Effects of water-soluble matter adhering to rat hairs on fibroblasts were examined. The dialysate of the wash water of rat hairs significantly enhanced the cell proliferation of both diploid human dermal fibroblasts (DHDF) and diploid rat fibroblasts (DRDF). The cell growth-promoting activity was partially purified by a gel filtration column chromatography. The activity permeates through a ultrafiltration membrane (M.W. cut off: 500). Analyses of its chemical nature show that it is soluble in water, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile, insoluble in other organic solvents examined, stable to heat or pH shock, and resistant to a bacterial protease.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1986

Use of a copper-phthalocyanine membrane electrode for rapid preliminary detection of polycyclic mutagens.

Preliminary screening of polycyclic mutagens is achieved within 20 min by using a biomimetic electrode composed of an oxygen electrode and a copper-phthalocyanine membrane. When benzo[alpha]pyrene (0.05 mM) was added to the buffer solution in the presence of 0.98 M hydrogen peroxide, the current of the phthalocyanine electrode decreased. A linear relationship was obtained between the current decrease and the benzo[alpha]pyrene concentration over the range 0.19-0.60 mM. The minimum measurable concentration for benzo[alpha]pyrene was 0.01 mM. Such responses were not obtained for other organic compounds such as alcohol, ether, n-hexane and cyclohexane. The copper-phthalocyanine membrane electrode has selectively detected polycyclic mutagens such as amino acid pyrolysis products. The current decrease was 1.18-1.46 microA when 0.05 mM amino acid pyrolysis products were employed.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗