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S Kusunoki

Publications and source records attributed to S Kusunoki.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Acute conduction block in vitro following exposure to antiganglioside sera.

We studied the role of antiganglioside antibodies in the pathogenesis of autoimmune neuropathies using an in vitro preparation of a rat sciatic nerve. Human and rabbit sera with high titers of the antibodies were applied to a restricted segment of the sciatic nerve mounted in a recording chamber, and the compound nerve action potentials of the myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were observed. Myelinated fiber conduction became blocked at the segment within a few hours, whereas the unmyelinated fiber conduction remained unchanged. These results suggest that antiganglioside sera directly produce an acute conduction block only in myelinated nerve fibers and that this in vitro model is useful for studying the ionic mechanism by which the acute conduction block occurs.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

Localization of GM1 and GD1b antigens in the human peripheral nervous system.

Serum antibodies against ganglioside GM1 and/or GD1b are frequently detected in autoimmune neuropathies such as multifocal motor neuropathy, IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Some of them bind to GM1 or GD1b monospecifically but others cross-react with both of the antigens. In order to investigate the respective localizations of GM1 and GD1b antigens in the human peripheral nervous system, an immunohistochemical study was performed using two mouse monoclonal antibodies, each monospecific to GM1 and GD1b. GGR12, monospecific to GD1b, bound to neurons in dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia, and some parts of the peripheral myelin, mainly the paranodal areas. However GMB16, monospecific to GM1, did not bind to either neurons or myelin. GD1b antigen present on neurons and paranodal myelin in the peripheral nervous system can be a target antigen of serum antibodies in autoimmune neuropathies. Further effort should be made to reveal the localization of GM1 antigen in the human peripheral nervous system.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

Carcinomatous neuropathy associated with hepatic cell carcinoma: an autopsy case report.

A 76-yr-old male patient with carcinomatous neuropathy associated with hepatic cell carcinoma, whose initial symptom was deep sensory disturbance followed by muscle weakness is described. The onset was subacute, followed by slow progression. Sural nerve biopsy, as well as electrophysiological examinations, revealed severe axonal degeneration without any evidence of demyelination. The autopsy findings were similar to findings described in the literature on carcinomatous neuropathy. Although carcinomatous neuropathy is usually associated with lung cancer, this report describes an association with hepatic cell carcinoma. The patient also had motor nerve involvement with positive serum anti-GM1 ganglioside antibody which decreased after immunosuppressant therapy in parallel with recovery of muscle weakness. The anti-GM1 ganglioside antibody may be involved in the pathogenesis of motor disturbance in the present case.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[A healthy carrier of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli, who was detected by periodic feces examinations].

Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) was rapidly detected by the PCR method in one of the 9 feces samples. They were collected from the people who had been cooking meals for patients on a periodic feces examination on November 25, 1992. It was confirmed by PCR that the isolate had both VT1 and VT2vh toxic genes and showed cytotoxicity on Verocells. In this case, the isolate was highly susceptible to common antibiotic agents, it was removed by the administration of tosfulaxacin. Some isolates which had the same properties as those of the strain described in "VITEK GNI card" and the antimicrobial susceptibility and VT toxin types, were detected in 2 of the 3 members of her family, they were healthy carriers and did not have any subjective symptoms such as diarrhea or abdominal pain. In order to detect Verotoxic genes, the sample of feces preincubated for 3 h in trypticase broth was subjected to PCR. We recommend that this method is much more useful because of rapid detection and identification of VTEC compared with the classical culture method.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is associated with ophthalmoplegia in Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome: clinical and immunohistochemical studies.

To determine the significance of serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody, we studied the disease spectrum associated with this antibody and GQ1b epitope in the human nervous system. We examined sera from 19 patients with typical Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), five patients with acute postinfectious ophthalmoplegia without ataxia (atypical MFS), six patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with ophthalmoplegia (GBS-OP[+]), and 23 patients with GBS without ophthalmoplegia (GBS-OP[-]). We also examined sera from 84 patients with other neurologic or non-neurologic disorders and from 16 normal control subjects. Eighteen of the 19 patients with typical MFS, all the patients with atypical MFS, and five of the six patients with GBS-OP(+) had increased anti-GQ1b IgG activity in ELISA, but none of the patients in the other groups, including GBS-OP(-), had it. All the patients' sera that had anti-GQ1b IgG antibody showed anti-GT1a IgG activity. Results of absorption studies suggested that the same antibody reacted with GQ1b and GT1a. An anti-GQ1b mouse monoclonal antibody immunostained the paranodal regions of the extramedullary portion of the human oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. Biochemical analysis showed that the human oculomotor nerve contained a larger amount of GQ1b than did the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. We conclude that serum IgG antibody against GQ1b is very closely associated with acute postinfectious ophthalmoplegia in MFS and GBS.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1993

[The relation of vertebral artery blood flow velocity to mean arterial pressure during anesthesia with enflurane or isoflurane].

The relation of vertebral artery blood flow velocity (VABFV) to mean arterial pressure (MAP) during anesthesia with enflurane or isoflurane was examined. The subjects were 17 patients on the knee-chest position. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal and fentanyl. The patients were placed on the knee-chest position after tracheal intubation. Ventilation was adjusted to maintain a constant level of PaCO2 (30-40 mmHg). The patients were divided into two groups. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane and 67% N2O in group E (8 patients), or with isoflurane and 67% N2O in group I (9 patients). VABFV was measured with a transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), and MAP was measured through a radial artery catheter. The mean VABFV and MAP were recorded at five-minute intervals. VABFV was found to change with the change in the MAP for the same degree in both groups. The results suggest that cerebral autoregulation is disturbed during either isoflurane-N2O or enflurane-N2O anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Serum IgG antibody to ganglioside GQ1b is a possible marker of Miller Fisher syndrome.

We studied serum anti-glycolipid antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin-layer chromatography-enzyme immunoassay in six consecutive patients with typical Miller Fisher syndrome. In all six, increased activity of IgG antibody against ganglioside GQ1b was present in the early phase and reduced with time, whereas such activity was not detected in normal control subjects and disease control subjects including those with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is a new possible diagnostic marker of Miller Fisher syndrome and could well be related to the disease process itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Developmental changes of fucosylated glycoconjugates in rabbit dorsal root ganglia.

Developmental changes of the fucosylated glycoconjugates in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the rabbit were investigated histochemically using anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) lectin. Neither anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody nor UEA-1 lectin bound to the neural tubes or to the neural crest on embryonic day 14 (E14). Anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody binds diffusely to the DRG of E25. Large neurons unreactive with anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody appeared at 1 month and increased within 6 months after birth. Schwann cells immunoreactive with anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody came to be limited to the satellite cells surrounding the positive neurons. No staining with UEA-1 lectin was observed in the DRG of E25. Some small neurons became reactive with UEA-1 lectin within 1 month and remained to be so at 6 months after birth. Schwann cells including satellite cells were unreactive with this lectin. Since fucosyl GM1 was detected in the lipid fraction of DRGs from 1-month-old and 6-month-old rabbits, fucosyl GM1 itself should be the antigen molecule recognized by the anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody. Further study is necessary to elucidate the association between these developmental changes of the fucosylated glycoconjugates in DRG and their possible functional roles.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Proposal of Mycobacterium peregrinum sp. nov., nom. rev., and elevation of Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus (Kubica et al.) to species status: Mycobacterium abscessus comb. nov.

We studied the taxonomic positions of the rapidly growing organism Mycobacterium fortuitum and phenotypically related organisms. We confirmed that "Mycobacterium peregrinum" ATCC 14467T (T = type strain) is genetically independent of M. fortuitum ATCC 6841T by using various DNA hybridization conditions. Strains that were genetically identified as "M. peregrinum" were phenotypically differentiated from M. fortuitum ATCC 6841T. Thus, we propose that "M. peregrinum" should be revived as an independent species, Mycobacterium peregrinum sp. nov., nom. rev. The type strain is strain ATCC 14467. M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum ATCC 35931T exhibited a high level of DNA relatedness to M. fortuitum ATCC 6841T. The hybridized DNAs maintained stable heteroduplexity at high stringency; thus, we confirmed that M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum is identical to M. fortuitum ATCC 6841T. We found that M. chelonae subsp. abscessus ATCC 19977T is genetically different from M. chelonae subsp. chelonae NCTC 946T on the basis of the results of quantitative hybridization even under optimal conditions. There was no reason to maintain this organism as a subspecies of M. chelonae. Thus, we propose that M. chelonae subsp. abscessus should be elevated to species status as Mycobacterium abscessus (Kubica et al.) comb. nov. The type strain is strain ATCC 19977.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed1992

IgM M-protein in a patient with sensory-dominant neuropathy binds preferentially to polysialogangliosides.

A 77-year-old man presented sensory-dominant neuropathy associated with IgM M-protein reacting with various gangliosides. The M-protein bound to gangliosides with polysialosyl residue, such as GD1b, GD3, GT1b, GT3, GQ1b, and GQ1c. In addition, GD1a, GM3 and LM1, having a terminal monosialosyl epitope, were also recognized. Previously, Ilyas et al. described a similar case in which sensory symptoms were associated with IgM M-protein reacting with gangliosides containing a disialosyl group, such as GD3, GD1b, and GT1b, but not GM3 and GD1a. It is suggested that the reactivity of IgM M-protein with polysialogangliosides may be associated with the pathogenesis of sensory-dominant neuropathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Rapid and direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and mycobacteria in sputum by advanced method, PCR].

We developed two PCR methods, which amplify bovine tuberculous MPB70 gene and mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene, for detection of tubercle bacilli and mycobacteria in sputum, respectively. Among 27 Mycobacterium species and 57 species of 30 genuses other than Mycobacterium, only M. tuberculosis (TB) complex, i.e., M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti showed DNA amplification by PCR for MPB70, and amplification of 16S rRNA gene were observed specific in Mycobacterium species. A combination of these PCR abilities were available to differentiate the TB complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). We investigated the correlation between these methods and conventional methods with 311 sputa that were suspected mycobacteriosis. The PCR method could detect 12 cases of TB complex and 4 cases of NTM in 17 specimens, which were positive by conventional methods, but could not for one specimen. Among 294 specimens that were negative with conventional methods, the PCR method detected 13 and 8 cases of TB complex and NTM, respectively. These results were confirmed by commercial tuberculous specific DNA probe or investigation of the clinical background of the patients. On the other hand, 273 specimens showed negative result either PCR nor conventional methods. The PCR method did not detect tuberculous DNA in normal 197 sputa, which were not suspected mycobacteriosis. These results indicate that each one of these PCR methods is highly specific to TB complex or Mycobacterium species. We concluded that these PCR methods are useful and advanced methods for rapid and direct detection of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

[Genetic identification of 25 Legionella species by modified microdilution plate hybridization, and its evaluation with isolated strains].

Modified microdilution plate hybridization was used for genetic identification of 25 Legionella species. The cell wall of the isolate was broken down by glass beads. And the DNA was extracted, labeled photo-reactive biotin, and hybridized with reference DNAs immobilized in microdilution wells. Hybridized DNAs were detected by colormetric method. Each type strain of 25 Legionella species was clearly differentiated by this method. Among 103 clinical and environmental Legionella strains, 97 strains were genetically identified by this method. 60 strains were identified as the same species as by the conventional method. Concerned with ten strains that had been serologically identified as L. bozemanii, two strains isolated from the human lung were genetically identified as L. bozemanii, but the remaining environmental 8 strains were identified as L. anisa. Among the 35 strains of legionellae that had been unidentified at species level, by physiological and serological tests, 27 strains were genetically identified as L. pneumophila, 1 strains as L. feeleii, and another, as L. anisa, but 6 strains were not identified. We found that three strains among the 6 strains belong to a single species of genus Legionella other than the 25 reference species used in this study.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Factors stimulating propagation of legionellae in cooling tower water.

Our survey of cooling tower water demonstrated that the highest density of legionellae, >/=10 CFU/100 ml, appeared in water containing protozoa, >/=10 MPN/100 ml, and heterotrophic bacteria, >/=10 CFU/100 ml, at water temperatures between 25 and 35 degrees C. Viable counts of legionellae were detected even in the winter samples, and propagation, up to 10 CFU/100 ml, occurs in summer. The counts of legionellae correlated positively with increases in water temperature, pH, and protozoan counts, but not with heterotrophic bacterial counts. The water temperature of cooling towers may promote increases in the viable counts of legionellae, and certain microbes, e.g., protozoa or some heterotrophic bacteria, may be a factor stimulating the propagation of legionellae.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[Carcinomatous autonomic neuropathy and the autoantibodies in paraneoplastic neuropathy].

Carcinomatous autonomic neuropathy is a syndrome of autonomic dysfunction associated with malignant neoplasm. It is most often associated with small-cell lung cancer. Auto-immune mechanism is suspected to underlie this syndrome. Among the symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, intestinal pseudo-obstruction is most frequently seen. The autonomic dysfunction often precedes the discovery of the cancer. Several autoantibodies have been reported in paraneoplastic neuropathies. Anti-Hu antibody, which was originally reported in paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy, has also been detected in some cases with autonomic failure. Anticarbohydrate antibody activity has been frequently shown in IgM M-proteins associated with peripheral neuropathies. These include anti-MAG, Po, and sulphated glucuronyl glycolipids in demyelinating neuropathy and anti-GM1 in motor dominant neuropathy or motor neuron disease. Further investigation should reveal more glycoconjugate antigens as targets of possible auto-immune attack in paraneoplastic neuropathies.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Fucosylated glycoconjugates in human dorsal root ganglion cells with unmyelinated axons.

The same subset of small neurons in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was recognized by both of the two probes binding to fucosylated residue. Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-1) lectin and anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody, although these probes bind to different glycoconjugates. UEA-1 lectin also bound to unmyelinated axons in DRG and in biopsied sural nerve, but not to any neurons or unmyelinated axons in the sympathetic ganglia. Thus UEA-1 lectin and anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody may be used as specific probes for primary sensory neurons with unmyelinated axons.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

Application of colorimetric microdilution plate hybridization for rapid genetic identification of 22 Mycobacterium species.

Quantitative microdilution plate hybridization was used to identify 22 Mycobacterium species. DNAs of clinical strains were rapidly extracted and labeled with photoreactive biotin. Labeled DNAs were distributed into wells of a microdilution plate in which reference DNAs had been immobilized. After 2 h of hybridization, hybridized DNAs were quantitatively detected with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin and the substrate, tetramethylbenzidine. This method could differentiate among 20 of the 22 Mycobacterium species tested. The type strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis were genetically highly related and could not be differentiated by this method. Of 194 biochemically identified human clinical strains, 178 (90%) were genetically identified within 3 h of the small-scale DNA extraction.

Aminosalicylic Acid↗
PubMed1991

[Antiganglioside antibodies in motor neuron disease and motor dominant neuropathies].

Serum antiganglioside antibodies were investigated in motor neuron disease (MND) and in chronic or acute immune-mediated motor-dominant neuropathies. IgM antibody binding to GM1 and GA1, reacting with Gal beta 1-3GalNAc epitope, was seen in 5 out of 26 cases of MND. IgM antibody binding to Gal beta 1-3GalNAc epitope was also detected in 3 out of 3 cases with motor dominant neuropathy with multifocal conduction block (MNMCB). The IgM M-protein in a case with motor dominant neuropathy bound to GM1, GD1b, GM2 but not to GA1. This M-protein may recognize carbohydrate epitope including sialic acid. Antiganglioside antibodies were detected in 11 out of 16 cases with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Among them, anti-GM1 antibodies were detected in 6 cases. Gal beta 1-3GalNAc epitope was recognized in 3 cases, and GM1 was monospecifically recognized in 3 cases. Thus the binding specificities of anti-GM1 antibody in motor dominant neuropathies were varied. The titers of anti-GM1 antibodies in 1 case with MNMCB and in 6 cases with GBS were more than 1:160, whereas those in MND were less than 1:80. The high titers of antibody in MNMCB and GBS decreased in association with clinical improvement, suggesting that they are closely related with the disease process. Although the titers are low, anti-GM1 antibody in MND may give us a clue to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of this intractable disease.

Autoantibodies↗