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Biomedical subjects

S Krishnamoorthy

Publications and source records attributed to S Krishnamoorthy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Amygdala pathology in psychosis of epilepsy: A magnetic resonance imaging study in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Psychosis of epilepsy (POE) has been recognized as a severe complication of chronic intractable epilepsy for more than a century. Most of the clinical symptoms of POE are reminiscent of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, there is general agreement that the phenomenology of POE differs from classical schizophrenia. The temporal lobe hypothesis of schizophrenia put forward in the 1960s notes that episodes with paranoid psychoses are more prevalent in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of POE are poorly understood. One of the strongest biological findings in schizophrenia is volume loss of temporal lobe structures and the hippocampus in particular. In order to test the hypothesis that atrophy of the hippocampus and the amygdala is found in patients with TLE and POE, we performed a retrospective study of all patients with TLE who were admitted to the assessment unit of the Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy from 1995 until 1999. Twenty-six (2.6%) of these 1008 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria and were compared with 24 patients with TLE without psychopathology and 20 healthy volunteers. All patients underwent extensive MRI investigations, including volumetric data sets and quantitative T(2 )relaxometry. We found that patients with TLE and POE differed from patients with TLE alone and healthy volunteers in that the total brain volumes were significantly smaller. While there were no differences in hippocampal volumes between the three study groups, there was a significant 16-18% enlargement of the amygdala on both sides in patients with POE. Our findings support the notion that POE is a distinct nosologic entity differing from schizophrenia not only in clinical details but also in neurobiological aspects. The finding of amygdala enlargement agrees with the observation of an association between dysphoric disorders of epilepsy and POE described nearly 100 years ago.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2001

Trends in consanguinity in South India.

This study uses data from the 1992-93 National Family Health Survey to assess trends in consanguinity in the South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In Kerala, the frequency of consanguineous marriages is very low and one type of preferred marriage of the Dravidian marriage system uncle niece marriage--is conspicuously absent. In the other states of South India, consanguinity and the coefficient of inbreeding are high. While no change in consanguinity is observed during the past three to four decades in Karnataka, a definite decline is observed in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Due to recent changes in the demographic and social situation in these states, this decline in consanguinity is likely to continue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Impact of maternal education and health services on child mortality in Uttar Pradesh, India.

"This article, which examines the effect of maternal education on child mortality [in India], shows that education has direct as well as indirect effects through antenatal care and family formation patterns on neonatal mortality. Maternal education also has a substantial effect on later childhood mortality. While improving maternal education is a means of reducing childhood mortality, an immediate reduction in childhood mortality is feasible even under existing social conditions by enhancing accessibility to maternal and child health services and safe drinking water."

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Use of coral grafts in anterior interbody fusion of the rabbit spine.

The search for suitable bone graft substitutes has been made necessary by the problems encountered when using autogenous sources. Coral grafts have been used for the past two decades in various fields of surgery with reported good results. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of coral graft (Biocoral in anterior interbody fusion of rabbit spine. Fourteen rabbits underwent surgical anterior interbody fusion with autogenous, coral and Kiel grafts. At three months there was evidence of new bone formation at the graft-bone interface but no signs of osteointegration of the coral graft. The coral graft was also inert and did not evoke in any inflammatory reactions. Radiological examinations did not reveal any signs of fusion at three months. Kiel grafts only evoked a fibrous reaction. Autogenous rib grafts used has solid interbody fusion at two months as evidenced from both radiological and histological studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Demographic and socio-economic status of women in different family structures in a rural area of south India.

The authors study "women's demographic and socio-economic position in different family types...[using data] from a sample survey conducted in a rural area of Tamil Nadu [India] during May and June of 1988....Comparison of demographic characteristics of ever-married women in the reproductive age, such as marital status, age, marriage duration, age at marriage and living children, and socio-economic characteristics, such as educational status, occupational status, per capita annual income of the family and number of rooms in the house, is made between family types."

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Bilateral acute haemangioma of the knee.

Recurrent knee swelling is a common orthopaedic problem which sometimes can be a diagnostic enigma. We report a case of bilateral haemangioma of the knee, which presented clinically after trauma, as an unusual cause of knee swelling. This case demonstrates the therapeutic difficulties in surgical treatment of an haemangioma and emphasises the need for complete excision of this lesion. We further postulate that the aetiology of these lesions was possibly a result of trauma initiated growth of pre-existing haemangiomata.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Operative treatment of acetabular fractures.

A retrospective review of 23 patients with acetabular fractures operated upon between January 1985 and December 1990 was conducted. Eighteen patients were available for assessment of functional outcome. Radiological results were also evaluated. The majority of the patients were male and the average age was 35 years. Three-quarters of the patients had an injury to another system. Three-quarters of the patients were operated upon within two weeks and only two patients had complications directly related to the operation. Radiological result was excellent or good in 61%, fair in 22%, and poor in 16% of the patients. Functional score was excellent or good in 72%, fair in 16% and poor in 11%. In summary, operative treatment of acetabular fracture is a safe and acceptable method of managing displaced acetabular fractures.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1994

Grade III open ankle fractures--a review of the outcome of treatment.

A retrospective review of fifteen patients with Grade III open ankle fractures, admitted to the Singapore General Hospital from January 1980 to December 1990 was done. Nine of the patients were males with a mean age of 47 years. Road traffic and industrial accidents accounted for 12 of the cases. Eleven of the fractures were associated with ankle dislocation or subluxation. Eleven of the fractures were fixed with plate and screws. Two of the ankles were stabilised with Steinmann pins inserted from the calcaneum to the lower end of the tibia. In ten cases the wounds were closed primarily or by delayed primary closure. One case required a flap to cover the defect and the rest were skin grafted. Eleven were immobilised in a plaster cast ranging from six to twelve weeks. Superficial infection was found in three cases and deep infection involving the bone and joint was present in three. Range of motion at one year was satisfactory in eleven but poor in two. Seven patients developed osteoarthritis of the ankle and three had ankle arthrodesis for pain and instability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical evaluation and results of surgical decompression.

We reviewed 357 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who had surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel between January 1989 and April 1991. The male to female ratio was 1:6. In 40 patients, there was bilateral involvement. Only 38.5% of the patients complained of numbness or sensory disturbance in the median nerve distribution of the hand. Tinel and Phalen sign tests were positive in about two-thirds of the patients. Electromyographic studies were performed in 329 patients. The commonest surgical procedure was a simple release of the flexor retinaculum at the wrist. Nearly all the patients reported improved symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Giant cell tumours of the sacrum.

Giant Cell Tumours (GCT) of the Bone is one of the commoner primary bone tumours. Although considered a benign tumour, it does occasionally metastasize to the lungs. Treatment modalities vary according to the surgical staging and the site of the tumour. Treatment is further complicated when the tumour occurs in difficult locations like the sacrum. The paper includes a review of literature into treatment options and the presentation of 3 patients with sacral GCTs, one of which also has multiple pulmonary metastases from a "benign" giant cell tumour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sonographic evaluation of operability of malignant cervical lymph nodes.

Infiltration of the carotid artery by malignant cervical nodes is considered to be a contraindication for radical neck dissection in many centers. Clinical examination alone is unlikely to provide information on the fixity of nodes to the carotid artery. We studied the role of ultrasonography as an adjunct to clinical examination in screening patients for neck dissection. Twenty-seven patients with clinical neck node metastasis were chosen for ultrasonography. All of them had surgery and the findings were correlated. The findings revealed that this procedure is effective in delineating involvement of carotid artery by neck nodes and in identifying false-positive and false-negative cases. Since the sample of patients studied was small, the study is continuing in order to accrue a larger sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Culture of Rhinosporidium seeberi: preliminary report.

Every year 400 to 450 cases of Rhinosporidium are reported from Trivandrum Medical College. Twenty-five swabs were collected from patients suffering from Rhinosporidiosis and cultured in standard media. Positive results were obtained in 23 cases. The conidia produced from the colony were compared with the structures obtained from the patient material. Light microscopy using histopathological techniques were used. The consistent appearance of the organism in patient material, the repeatability of growth in subcultures and the negative growth in controls indicated that the organism grown in culture is the causative agent of the disease. The effect of parameters like pH, temperatures, etc, were also studied.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1987

Mortality comparisons.

"Two approaches for mortality comparisons are suggested which produce comparable results. The cumulative force of mortality has been given an interpretation useful for mortality comparisons. The method of computing the resultant total expected life span when everyone is excused from death once, twice, etc., has been presented." The two approaches are then applied to 1966 data for Madagascar and the United States.

Africa↗