Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kopp

Publications and source records attributed to S Kopp.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Skin surface temperature over the temporomandibular joint and masseter muscle in patients with craniomandibular disorder.

Skin surface temperature was measured over the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and over the origin of the superficial portion of the masseter muscle in 59 patients with craniomandibular disorder of different character. Forty patients suffered from disorder of muscular origin, 11 from non-specific arthritis and 8 from symptomatic osteoarthrosis. The degree of mandibular dysfunction was estimated by the clinical dysfunction score and index. The temperature was measured by a thermistor applied to the skin. The clinical dysfunction score of the patients varied between 1 and 25 units. Eleven patients had a clinical dysfunction index of I, 22 had II and 26 had III. The temperature over the TMJ varied between 31.3 degrees C and 36.7 degrees C, and over the masseter muscle between 31.1 degrees C and 35.5 degrees C. The patients with unilateral tenderness to palpation of the TMJ and who were diagnosed to have TMJ arthritis had a higher skin surface temperature over the symptomatic than non-symptomatic joint. It was concluded that tenderness to palpation of the TMJ in patients with TMJ arthritis is associated with raised skin surface temperature over the joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Occupational asthma from inhaled egg protein.

We evaluated workers and performed an industrial hygiene assessment at a plant where raw eggs are processed into powdered egg yolk and whole egg. Egg dust levels in the packaging room straddled the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' (ACGIH) exposure guideline of 10 mg/m3 for nuisance dust. We obtained medical histories from 25 workers, and performed physical examinations, spirometry, and serial determinations of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) by portable meter every 3 hrs (while awake) for 7 days. We defined symptomatic bronchial lability to be a decrement in PEFR on any one day of 20% or more of the day's maximum, with concurrent symptoms. Skin-prick tests and serum assays for specific IgE by the radioallergosorbent (RAST) method were performed to assess sensitivity to commercial egg proteins, egg protein fractions, and freshly prepared extracts of whole egg powder and yolk. We classified participants as definite cases of asthma if both the examining physician diagnosed asthma and symptomatic bronchial lability was demonstrated by serial PEFR determinations. Definite noncases of asthma were those participants in whom the physician did not diagnose asthma and in whom symptomatic bronchial lability was not demonstrated by PEFR. All five definite cases, compared to three of 16 definite noncases of asthma, had one or more positive skin-prick tests to egg proteins. Four of five cases, compared to 0 of 14 noncases, who had serum determinations, had an elevated RAST to one or more of the egg proteins. This study demonstrates that occupational asthma associated with IgE-mediated allergy to egg proteins occurs among workers exposed to inhaled egg proteins.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

Computed tomography of condylar and articular disk positions within the temporomandibular joint.

The computed tomograms of temporomandibular joints in 25 patients (41 joints) were retrospectively evaluated for condylar position and joint space with General Electric computer software. Computed tomography scans of the temporomandibular joint were made in the axial plane with the teeth in centric occlusion, and measurements were made from vertically reformatted images. Interarticular joint spaces were measured anterosuperiorly, superiorly, posterosuperiorly, and posteriorly from the condylar surfaces. This was repeated in five equidistant (3.1 mm) serial sagittal planes across the condyle, beginning and ending, on average, 2.5 mm from the lateral and medial condylar poles. Articular disk positions (anterolateral, anterior, anteromedial, medial, and normal) were correlated with condylar position. Significant differences between disk positions and joint spaces were found most frequently in the anterosuperior and the superior joint interval. When the disk was positioned normally, the anterosuperior joint space was consistent (1.5 to 2.0 mm) across the joint (standard deviation, 0.3 to 0.8 mm). The superior, the posterosuperior, and the posterior joint spaces in the normal joint were greater than the anterosuperior joint space. When the disk was anterior to the condyle, the anterosuperior joint interval was widened. When the disk was medial, the superior joint space was significantly wider than normal across the breadth of the condyle. In those joints in which the disk was anteromedial, there was an absence (0.2 mm) of joint space, and this occurred in all areas of the condyle except in its medial one fourth. In the internally deranged joint, joint space narrowing may be focal in nature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A three-year follow-up of patients with reciprocal temporomandibular joint clicking.

It has been suggested in the literature that reciprocal temporomandibular joint clicking progresses to locking, but little information is available on the longitudinal course of this stage of internal derangement. Seventy patients with reciprocal clicking were therefore followed for 3 years. Reciprocal clicking remained unchanged in fifty patients (71%) and disappeared in twenty patients (29%). Fourteen patients (20%), in whom clicking disappeared, attained normal mouth opening, whereas locking developed in six patients (9%). At the initial examination, these six patients had more pain, more frequent joint tenderness, greater frequency of missing molar support and more often dental abrasion on the affected side than the patients who did not develop locking. It was concluded that reciprocal clicking does not usually progress to locking. However, locking is more likely to occur in patients who initially have pronounced pain, joint tenderness, dental abrasion, and no molar support on the affected side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Long-term effect of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate and corticosteroid on temporomandibular joint arthritis.

The long-term effect of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate and corticosteroid (betamethasone) was compared in a sample of 24 patients who had pain and tenderness to palpation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ arthritis) of at least six months duration, and who had not responded to conservative treatment. The two drugs were randomly allocated to the patients. The drugs, 0.5 ml, were injected twice into the superior joint compartment of the TMJ with a two-week interval between injections. The effect on subjective symptoms, clinical signs, and bite force was assessed. At the one and two-year follow-ups both the hyaluronate-and the corticosteroid-group had significantly reduced subjective symptoms as well as clinical signs, and the maximum voluntary bite force was significantly increased. The differences in effect between treatments were not statistically significant. It was concluded that both drugs have a significant long-term effect on chronic arthritis of the TMJ and that either of the drugs can be helpful; however, sodium hyaluronate might be the best alternative due to the least risk for side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and immunologic studies among egg-processing workers with occupational asthma.

Twenty-five workers in an egg-processing factory were evaluated for respiratory sensitization to inhaled egg proteins by a physician evaluation, serial peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements for a 1-week period, and immunologic tests. Immunologic studies included skin prick tests, serum-specific IgE (RAST), and specific IgG (ELISA) to solutions prepared from commercial food allergens: factory-powdered egg white and yolk products and purified egg white fractions, including ovalbumin, ovomucoid, lysozyme, and conalbumin. Six workers had significant daily PEFR lability (greater than 20%) of whom five had associated cutaneous reactivity to at least one egg allergen. A diagnosis of "definite asthma" was established in five workers suspected by the physician of having asthma. These five workers exhibited significant decrements in daily PEFR that were accompanied by bronchial symptoms. Occupational asthma was diagnosed by the physician in four of the five latter workers. Definite asthma was significantly associated with both cutaneous reactivity to egg allergens (p less than 0.01) and RAST binding (p less than 0.01). Of eight workers with cutaneous reactivity to at least one egg reagent, four workers (50%) were positive to only purified egg white fractions. The highest levels of RAST binding were detected in four workers, and the best binding activity was to ovomucoid and ovalbumin fractions. Elevated specific IgG responses were significantly higher in egg-factory workers to whole egg (p less than 0.005), lysozyme (p less than 0.002), and conalbumin (p less than 0.002) allergens compared to responses of nonexposed control subjects. However, no differences in specific IgG were detected between symptomatic and asymptomatic workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of corticosteroid and sodium hyaluronate on induced joint lesions in the guinea-pig knee.

50 guinea-pigs had lesions induced in their knee-joints by intra-articular injections of papain solution (2%). The lesions developed were treated with intra-articular injections of corticosteroid (Celestona bifas) in the right and sodium hyaluronate (Hylartil) in the left knee. The treatment was repeated after 1 week. 5 months later, the joints were examined macroscopically, microscopically and radiographically. Comparison of the effects of treatment showed that early treatment with hyaluronate resulted in less deviation in form of the joint, and less granulation tissue formation but no significant difference in the overall severity of the lesions was found. Granulation tissue, fibrotic adhesions and inflammation in the synovial membrane induced in the experimental model were positively correlated to cortical bone destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

CT number characteristics of malpositioned TMJ menisci. Diagnosis with CT number highlighting (blinkmode).

The use of computed tomography (CT) number highlighting ("blinkmode") for diagnosing malpositioned temporomandibular joint menisci was investigated. By determining the average CT number, standard deviation, and range for specific periarticular tissues, it is possible to tell how much their attenuation values overlap and, therefore, whether there is a sound basis for distinguishing the disc from adjacent tissues. Fresh and fresh-frozen cadaver specimens, were scanned in axial and direct sagittal planes with 1.5-mm thick overlapping soft-tissue sections. CT number measurements were made for tendon, muscle, fat, and meniscus. Patients also were scanned with overlapping 1.5-mm thick axial soft-tissue sections in order to compare the range of CT numbers in cadavers with that in living subjects. Cadaver joints were cryosectioned at 0.5-mm intervals in the same planes as their CT sections, and the tissue sections were compared with their respective CT highlighted sections. For patients the average CT numbers in Hounsfield units were 88 for tendon, 67 for muscle, -25 for fat, and 100 for meniscus. Fresh unembalmed cadavers showed a higher CT average number for tendon and a lower average CT number for fat. The anatomic sections confirmed the meniscal position seen in the highlighted sections in nine of ten joints (90%) and was equivocal in one. Misshapen and malpositioned discs are seen readily with the blinker function; thinned and normal discs are not. The tendinous insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle may be confused for meniscus in the medial aspect of the TMJ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Intra-articular and skin surface temperature of human temporomandibular joint.

Ten subjects, five women and five men, without symptoms or signs of disorder in the stomatognathic system were examined for intra-articular and skin surface temperature of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The temperature measurements were made with thermocouples at three depths within the joint (10, 15, 20 mm) and at five locations on the skin surface over the joint. The intra-articular mean temperature was 36.0 degrees C at 10 mm, 36.1 degrees at 15 and 36.3 degrees at 20 mm. The average difference in intra-articular temperature between the right and left sides was 0.2 degrees C. The intra-articular temperature was not correlated to room temperature. The average skin surface temperature over the center of the condyle was 35.1 degrees C and the difference between skin surface temperature over the condyle and intra-articular temperature at 20 mm was 1.2 degrees C. The average difference between the right and left sides for skin surface temperature was 0.3 degrees C. The intra-articular temperature showed a negative correlation to the skin surface temperature (r = -0.54). The results of this study show that the intra-articular temperature range of the TMJ is rather narrow, about 1.2 degrees C (35.7-36.9 degrees C) and that the difference between sides is less than 0.6 degrees C.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Computed tomography of the normal temporomandibular joint.

A study was made in two parts, retrospective (I) and prospective (II), on two samples of 36 and 17 individuals, respectively, who had temporal bone CT studies for reasons unrelated to TMJ pain and dysfunction. Groups I and II had no radiographic signs of TMJ disease and Group II had neither radiographic nor clinical signs of TMJ disease. Both groups were considered to have normal joints. Joint morphometrics for the two groups (I/II) were as follows; transverse condylar dimensions were 18.5/18.1 mm. Condylar angulation averaged 24 degrees/25 degrees and intercondylar distance averaged 83/83 mm while extra condylar distance averaged 118/118 mm. The condyle in the sagittal plane showed a smooth and rounded form with anterior-superior joint space averaging 1.9/1.7 mm while the central-superior joint space averaged 2.3/2.2 mm. The medial-horizontal joint space averaged 3.9/3.7 mm. The slope of the central portion of the articular eminence averaged 60 degrees/60 degrees in the sagittal plane.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Skin surface temperature over the temporomandibular and metacarpophalangeal joints in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.

Temperature measurements were made on the skin surface over the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in 71 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 52 individuals without general joint disease or symptoms. The recordings were performed with thermistors in contact with the skin. Symptoms in the stomatognathic system and general joint symptoms were investigated by a questionnaire. A clinical examination was performed of the stomatognathic system. In addition, a medical examination including clinical articular indices and laboratory tests was made. The skin surface temperature over the TMJ was generally lower for the individuals with RA than for the individuals without joint disease, whereas the opposite was found for the MCP joint. The most important determinants of skin surface temperature over the TMJ in RA were duration of TMJ symptoms, room temperature, tenderness to palpation of the masseter muscle, and rheumatoid factor. The results of this study indicate that there is a correlation between both symptoms and signs of disorder in the stomatognathic system and temperature of the skin surface overlying the TMJ and MCP joint in individuals with RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between disorder in the stomatognathic system and general joint involvement in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.

Seventy-one individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined and compared with 52 individuals without history or symptoms of joint disease (C group) with regard to disorders of the stomatognathic system. Laboratory findings and articular and functional rheumatologic indices were compared. The clinical dysfunction index of Helkimo for the stomatognathic system was positively correlated to both the articular Ritchie index and the functional Lee index. The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the Ritchie index were positively correlated to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Vertical overbite was negatively correlated to the Ritchie index. In addition, there were positive correlations among TMJ crepitus, anterior open bite, sagittal distance between retruded position and intercuspal position, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The concentration of CRP, the ESR, and the Ritchie and Lee indices were highest in the individuals with bilateral current TMJ symptoms and lowest in those with previous but not current TMJ symptoms. It was concluded that the severity of TMJ involvement in RA is correlated to concentration of serum acute-phase reactants and to rheumatologic indices.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Clinical findings in the stomatognathic system for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis.

A group of 123 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) and 28 individuals with osteoarthrosis (OA group) were compared with 52 individuals without general joint symptoms (C group). The individuals in the RA and OA groups constituted 35% and 14%, respectively, of all individuals with RA and OA at the Rheumatism Hospital in Strängnäs, Sweden, during the period of investigation. All individuals answered a questionnaire concerning subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system and general joint symptoms and were given a clinical examination comprising the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, mandibular mobility, and occlusion. Most signs of disorder in the stomatognathic system were more frequent and more severe in the RA and OA groups than in the C group. The clinical signs were of a similar character in the RA and OA groups, but the individuals in the RA and OA groups had less occlusal support, more occlusal interferences, greater distance between RP and IP, and less vertical overbite than the C group. Anterior open bite was found with higher frequency and severity in the RA and OA groups than in the C group and was correlated to clinical dysfunction score and reduced maximum mouth opening capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis.

A group of 123 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-group) and 28 individuals with osteoarthrosis (OA-group) with previous or current symptoms from the stomatognathic system were compared with 52 individuals without general joint symptoms (C-group). The individuals in the RA- and OA-group attended the Rheumatism Hospital in Strängnäs, Sweden. They constituted 35 and 14%, respectively, of all individuals with RA and OA at the Hospital during the period of investigation. The individuals in the C-group attended the Public Dental Clinic in Strängnäs for regular dental care. All individuals were given a questionnaire concerning subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system, general joint symptoms, dental condition and need of dental care. It was found that the individuals in the RA and OA-group generally had more frequent and more severe subjective symptoms of longer duration from the stomatognathic system than the individuals in the C-group. The subjective symptoms, especially in the RA-group, were correlated to the extension of the general joint symptoms. Reports of swelling of the TMJ and a sudden debut of symptoms were more frequent in the RA-group than in the OA- and C-group. Loss of contact between anterior teeth was reported in both diseases and was correlated to extension and duration of RA and extension of OA. The TMJ symptoms started frequently in the early phase of RA and chewing ability deteriorated with extension and duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chronic asthma due to toluene diisocyanate.

Twelve subjects were studied with inhalation challenge testing to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) because of suspected TDI asthma based on a consistent clinical and occupational history. In seven cases, TDI asthma was documented by a positive inhalation challenge to low levels of TDI. Six of the seven TDI reactors had persistent respiratory symptoms and required daily treatment even though they had been removed from isocyanate exposure for intervals as long as 12 years (mean 4.5 years). These six TDI reactors had either dual (four cases) or late bronchospasm (two cases) to less than 20 ppb TDI, and all had a positive methacholine or cold air challenge prior to study. The one TDI reactor with a negative methacholine challenge had a positive (immediate) bronchospastic response to a TDI challenge performed one week after removal from isocyanate exposure. Five workers had a negative TDI challenge, two of whom had persistent respiratory symptoms and positive methacholine challenges at the time of TDI inhalation testing. We conclude that respiratory symptoms may persist following long-term removal from occupational exposure to TDI and are associated with nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. The TDI sensitivity may also persist for a long time even in the absence of any additional occupational exposure. Long-term prospective studies of symptomatic isocyanate workers are needed to fully define the extent of this problem.

Adult↗