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Biomedical subjects

S Kono

Publications and source records attributed to S Kono.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Smoking and mortalities from cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke in male Japanese physicians.

A cohort of 5,477 male Japanese physicians was studied to examine the relationship between smoking habits and mortalities from cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke over 12.7 years. The logistic regression analysis based on proportional hazard models was used for statistical assessment. The risks of both lung cancer and CHD were strongly associated with smoking habits in terms of the number of cigarettes smoked per day, inhalation level and age at starting to smoke. These associations were not influenced by the effect of drinking habits. However, the risk increment of lung cancer due to cigarette smoking was fairly small as compared with the data from other studies of male Caucasians. A statistically significant association was observed between upper aerodigestive cancer and cigarette smoking. But this relationship became insignificant after adjustment for drinking habits, and the risk of heavy smokers was drastically reduced. No clear association was noted between smoking and mortalities from gastric cancer and stroke.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Alcohol and cancer in male Japanese physicians.

The relationship between alcohol and site-specific cancers was investigated in a follow-up study of 5,139 male Japanese physicians. Information on drinking habits was obtained by mail questionnaire in 1965, and cancer deaths over 12.7 years were analyzed with drinking habits classified into five categories; nondrinker, ex-drinker, occasional drinker, and daily drinker whose intake of alcohol was equivalent to less than 2 or 2 and more go of sake (1 go sake congruent to 27 ml alcohol). Both age and smoking habits were taken into account in the calculation of death rates based on man-years at risk. Logistic regression analysis was also performed on cummulative mortality data. Upper aerodigestive cancer was strongly associated with alcohol consumption, giving some confidence in the validity of the present study. Excluding ex-drinkers, the risk of stomach cancer and liver cancer was gradually increased from nondrinkers to daily drinkers with lower intake of alcohol, but no further increase was noted for daily drinkers with larger consumption. Logistic regression did not show any significant associations between drinking habits and these two cancers, but the number of deaths from liver cancer was still small. Not particular patterns were observed for cancers of the large bowel and lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Tempo and parity structure of Japanese fertility].

The present study is part of a larger project on the formal demographic analysis of Japanese fertility. It deals with the most elusive aspect of fertility, that is the tempo of fertility. The temporal aspect of fertility, particularly in terms of cohort fertility framework with speical reference to parity of women, has been emphasized by Whelpton and Ryder, but in the Japanese demography there have scarcely been studies of this aspect, probably due to lack of interest. In very recent years, however, interest has grown, reflecting the need for more accurate fertility projections in the future in connection with population projections. The present study is an application of life table techniques to explore the temporal aspect of fertility in Japan. 2 methods have been used. One is the age-marriage-parity specific net reproduction rate tables, which were first constructed by the senior author of this paper. The other is by Professor Chin Long Chiang at the University of California, Berkely. In the application of the former type, net reproduction rate tables were constructed for 3 dates -- 1970-71, 1975-76, and 1980-81. Through this method, it was demonstrated that recent fertility for the period 1980-81 was reduced, partly because of the decline in fertility in live-birth order of 1 and 2 among the relatively young ages up to 25 years old. On the other hand, for the ages up to 30 years old, some catching-up mechanisms took place. The 2nd method is by Chiang's new approach to the fertility table. According to his method, which was included in his new book entitled Life Tables and Its Applications, parity-oriented fertility tables have been constructed for the Japanese females for every year from 1971 through 1983, both inclusive. In these cases, denominator is for year z while numerator is concerned with yea z + 1. This method is particularly interesting since it can calculate waiting time for childbearing until the completion of family formation. Some of the findings indicated: 1) recent increases in both parity progession ratio and parity-specific fertility rate in low parity augur a future increase in fertility in the period measure in the near future; and 2) a shortening of the waiting time until the completion of family formation around 1981 and then the recovery of its lengthening in the years 1982 and 1983 suggest a recent trend of lengthening actual reproductive period which definitely contributes to an increase in fertility.

Asia↗
PubMed1985

[Demographic analysis of the aging society: the case of Japan].

The author "describes the demographic aspects of the ageing process of Japan and its implications in the fields of economic support of the aged population and of family structure." Possible solutions to the socioeconomic problems of an aging population are considered. (summary in ENG)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1984

[Review on dietary methods for epidemiologic studies].

Different dietary methods have been used for epidemiologic studies on nutrition, diet and disease. Methods so far reported are classified into dietary record method (including weighing method), recall method, Burke's method, frequency method, and semiquantitative frequency method. The recall method and frequency method are considered to be unsuitable when the average intake of nutrients and foods of individuals is to be assessed. It is difficult for a person to recall food intake over several days, and the 24-hour recall method is unable to evaluate the average intake. Quantitative assessment of intake is hardly possible in the frequency method. Dietary evaluation in case-control studies has limitations in terms of difficulties in retrospective dietary assessment and the change in dietary habit over a long period of time. Current epidemiologic knowledge on diet and disease stimulates cohort studies using the 7-day dietary record or semiquantitive frequency method.

Diet Surveys↗
PubMed1984

A prospective study on primary gastric stump cancer following partial gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal diseases.

A prospective study was made on 3827 Japanese patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal diseases to examine whether they are at a high risk of mortality from primary gastric stump cancer (PGSC) and whether the risk is determined by the surgical procedure. The patients were followed up from the time of surgery (from 1948 to 1970) to June 30, 1981. Of 3,701 patients (96.7%), the vital status at the end of observation was determined, the total person-years at risk being 62,286.33. The observed deaths were compared with the expected deaths calculated from the mortality rates of Japan. An elapsed time of 10 years from operation to death was set not only to exclude possible recurrent, remaining, or multiple cancers but also to allow a certain latency period for the development of PGSC. The observed and expected deaths from PGSC were 11 and 52.85, respectively, the ratio being 0.21 (p less than 0.01). The ratios were uniformly less than 1 for both sexes and across three operative groups: Billroth I, Billroth II with Braun's anastomosis; or Billroth II without Braun's anastomosis. No difference was observed between the death rates from PGSC by operation type. The possible role of the postoperative nonphysiological (pathological) environment or duodenogastric reflux in gastric stump carcinogenesis was not detected in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nasal cancer mortality in areas with a high proportion of wood and furniture workers in Japan.

To see whether or not death from nasal cancer (ICD 160) increased in the areas where a proportion of woodworkers is high in Japan, two studies were carried out by examining standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of nasal cancer at a Health Center and in 10 cities selected as wood industry areas. No excess risk of nasal cancer with statistical significance was seen. It would be very difficult to conclude that there is a definite excess risk of nasal cancer among woodworkers in Japan. Further investigation is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Radioimmunoassay and metabolic clearance rate of catecholestrogens, 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol in man.

Plasma levels of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) were determined by a new radioimmunoassay which employed a short Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography for the purification of samples and the antiserum to 2-hydroxyestrone-17-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-BSA conjugate for assay. The plasma value was below the detection limit for the assay (approximately 15 pg/ml) in men and non-pregnant women, but rose 20-200 pg/ml during pregnancy in 2-OHE1 and around 15 pg/ml in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy in 2-OHE2. There was no significant difference of plasma 2-OHE1 level between normal pregnancy and toxemic pregnancy with hypertension, in the 3rd trimester. The plasma level was very low in all of three subjects with the placental dysfunction in toxemic pregnancy. The plasma metabolic clearance rate (MRCp) of 2-OHE1 and 2-OHE2 were determined in normal adults by two methods; infusion of unlabeled 2-OHE1 and 2-OHE2 to equilibrium with radioimmunoassay of their plasma levels, and infusion of [3H]-2-OHE1 and [3H]-2-OHE2 to equilibrium with measurement of chromatographically purified their tritium. The MCRs by the former and latter methods was 40-70 X 10(3) and 15-50 X 10(3) in 2-OHE1, and 18-29 X 10(3) and 12-14 X 10(3) l/day in 2-OHE2, respectively. The major plasma metabolite comigrated with 2-methoxy compounds to each catecholestrogen. The t1/2 of disappearance rate by the method of infusion of unlabeled compounds was approx. 45 s in 2-OHE1 and 90 s in 2-OHE2. When [3H]-2-OHE1 and [3H]-2-OHE2 were incubated with blood samples of adults, 2-methoxy compounds also rapidly formed. From these results it is concluded that the extremely high MCRp of 2-OHE1 and 2-OHE2 make it unlikely these compounds circulate peripherally except in pregnancy in levels sufficient to produce the physiological effects on estrogen receptors or catecholamines.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The relationship between alcohol and mortality among Japanese physicians.

Based on the survey in 1965 on smoking and drinking habits of physicians in western Japan, the mortality pattern among 5139 male Japanese physicians over 12.7 years was examined in terms of drinking habit. Among six groups with different drinking habits: ex-drinker, non-drinker, occasional drinker and daily drinker whose intake of alcohol was equivalent to below 1, 1-1.9 or 2 and more go of sake (1 go of sake congruent to 27 ml of alcohol), ex-drinkers had the highest risk of dying. Mortality from all causes among non-drinkers was higher than that among occasional drinkers or the lowest daily drinkers, but the differences were not significant. Among daily drinkers, total mortality was significantly increased with the amount of alcohol. As for cause-specific mortality, cancer and stroke showed a significant positive association with alcohol. No significant inverse relationship was noted for heart disease or coronary heart disease, although non-drinkers had higher mortality than occasional or daily drinkers. There was no obvious effect of alcohol on mortality from either liver cirrhosis or accidents, but deaths from these causes were few.

Adult↗