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Biomedical subjects

S Kono

Publications and source records attributed to S Kono.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Well-being among children and the aged in the aging society].

The age structure of Japan and the well-being of the aged as compared to that of children are discussed in light of Samuel Preston's thesis that the increase in the number of elderly people contributes to their well-being. The author evaluates "three-year comparisons of Japanese expenditure data by age on the basis of special tabulations of the Social Survey for Health and Welfare Administration.... An attempt has been made to retabulate and analyze the latest available income data from...the Statistics Bureau. The results of both surveys seem to generally support the relevance [of] Preston's [argument]." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A review of gastric cancer and life style].

Descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer reveals remarkable decline in incidence and mortality rates in recent years in many countries of the world and suggests important roles of dietary factors in its etiology. Cigarette smoking appears one of the risk factors. Case-control and cohort studies, on the whole, show risk increase associated with intake of high salt foods (salted fish and pickles) and risk decrease associated with the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. These associations are, in part, supported by experimental studies. Further evidence should be sought by improving the methods in assessing dietary intake.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[A dietary method for epidemiological study of cancer].

A semiquantitative frequency questionnaire was developed to estimate the average intake of foods and nutrients of individuals with the aim of utilization in cancer epidemiology. Validity of the questionnaire was evaluated in comparison with four 7-day dietary records carried on 25 spouses over one year. Absolute mean intakes estimated by the questionnaire and by the records were roughly comparable at the group level. However, the individual's estimated intakes generally showed poor agreements between the two methods in terms of rank correlation, except for a few foods such as fish and milk and for alcoholic beverages. Further efforts should be exercised to develop a more accurate dietary method.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Long term results of arthrodesis for severe osteoarthritis of the hip in young adults.

We examined 40 patients (12 men, 28 women) who had undergone hip arthrodesis for severe osteoarthritis more than 15 years previously. Twenty-one cases were due to congenital dislocation of the hip. The age at fusion was mostly between 30 and 39 years. There was no case in which the position of fusion was unsatisfactory. At follow-up, 26 patients had back pain, 9 had pain in the same knee, 2 in the opposite knee and 3 had pain in both knees. Pain in the opposite hip occurred in 5 patients who had slight osteoarthritic changes on the preoperative radiographs. Every patient had been able to return to his or her previous occupation. Thirty-five had some difficulty in bending during Japanese-style sitting, but all could walk for more than 30 minutes without any difficulty. All but two were satisfied with the operation and none of them wanted to have a total hip replacement. In spite of the disadvantages of arthrodesis of the hip, such as the limitation of some activities and the effect on neighbouring joints, most patients were very satisfied with the result.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Plasma fibrinogen levels as an independent indicator of severity of coronary atherosclerosis.

The relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was examined in 229 patients, aged 25-82 years (162 men and 67 women), undergoing coronary angiography. Severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed in terms of the number of vessels with a 75% or greater stenosis and Gensini's severity score. Fibrinogen levels increased progressively with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, determined by both the number of involved vessels and Gensini's severity score in men, and the relationships were statistically significant. Similar patterns were noted among women, but the trends were not statistically significant. The association was evident even after adjustment for age, hypertension, total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index. These results provide evidence that in the Japanese also plasma fibrinogen levels can serve as an independent indicator of the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postreceptor defect in insulin action in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

To clarify the mechanism(s) responsible for the insulin resistance in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats, we studied insulin-induced glucose disposal by using the glucose clamp technique and measured insulin receptor and glucose transporter of muscles. The insulin dose-response curve of the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose revealed a decrease of the maximal response without a rightward shift in STZ rats. Maximal MCR was even lower when clamped at 300 rather than 150 mg/dl of blood glucose levels. Insulin binding to the crude plasma membrane of muscles from STZ rats was increased compared with controls. The number of glucose transporter of the plasma and microsomal membranes were significantly decreased in STZ rats. These in vivo and in vitro studies using skeletal muscles suggest that in STZ-treated diabetic rats 1) a defect or defects exist in the signal transduction mechanism of insulin in postbinding steps, 2) the decreased maximal MCR is related at least partly to the decrease of glucose transporter numbers, and 3) a defect in glucose metabolism (postglucose transport defect) is also present.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Population structure.

This paper reviews recent new trends in population structure in the world and its major regions in order to access the determinants of those trends and explore issues regarding the recent and projected changes in the age structure of population and the relationships of those changes to social and economic development. In particular, the paper compares the change in age structure projected by the Population Division of the UN Secretariat in its most recent 3 series--namely, those completed in 1984, 1986, and 1988. By and large, the most recent UN assessment projects that a larger proportion of the world population will be aged 60 and over in 2000 and 2025 than was previously estimated. Those changes in projections can be observed for the world and for the more developed countries as a whole, and for the regions of Africa, Latin America, Northern America, East Asia, Europe, and Oceania. While the recommendations of the International Conference on Population called attention to the importance of changes in population structure, this paper recommends urgent government action in planning social programs for the aged because of the greater eminence of population aging in many settings. The case of Japan is used to illustrate the growing importance of increases in life expectancy as a determinant of age structure changes (in relation to fertility decline), a point that is reinforced through a cruder decomposition of UN estimates and projections for several European countries.

Africa↗
PubMed1989

[[A treatise on the change in age structure and its determinants: an appraisal of the World Population Plan of Action]].

"The purpose of the present paper is to review...recent...trends in population age structure in the world and its major regions, to assess the determinants of those trends, and to explore [issues] relating to recent and projected changes in the age structure of population and relationships of those changes to economic and social developments." Comparisons are made between developed and developing countries concerning age structure, life expectancy, birth and mortality rates, and demographic aging. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1988

A long term follow up of resection interposition arthroplasty of the knee using chromicized fascia lata.

We have reviewed the results of 25 patients who had a resection interposition arthroplasty of the knee using chromicized fascia lata, with a mean follow-up of 22 years. No patient had severe pain although 10 had occasional pain after heavy labour. Thirteen knees had 60 degrees of movement or more but 12 had 45 degrees or less. The radiographs all showed adaptive remodelling of the resected bone ends. This procedure successfully restored function in the majority of cases with absence of pain over a long period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Gallstones, serum lipids, and glucose tolerance among male officials of Self-Defense Forces in Japan.

The relationships of gallstones and the postcholecystectomy state with serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, glucose tolerance, and obesity were examined in male officials of the Self-Defense Forces in northern Kyushu, Japan. The study population had rather low rates of gallstones (2%) and prior cholecystectomy (3%). A strong relationship between obesity and gallstones was confirmed. Glucose intolerance was associated with the risk of gallstones independent of obesity. No relation between gallstones and either serum total cholesterol or triglycerides after adjustment for obesity and glucose tolerance was evident. However, the serum concentration of total cholesterol among men having had a cholecystectomy was less than that of those without gallstones.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1988

Type of gallstones and deaths from stroke and coronary heart disease among cholecystectomized patients.

A total of 841 Japanese patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for choleithiasis (550 for cholesterol stones and 291 for pigment stones) from 1951 to 1970 were investigated on death from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart disease other than CHD in relation to the type of gallstones. Compared to patients with pigment stones, those having cholesterol stones had a 50% lower risk of dying from stroke which was statistically significant. The findings support the idea that westernization of Japanese diets may be responsible both for the decline in stroke mortality and for the changing pattern of gallstones in this country. The risk of CHD among cholesterol-stone patients was higher, but not significantly so, than that of pigment-stone patients whereas mortality from heart disease other than CHD did not differ much between the two groups. There were, however, few deaths from these diseases and the findings were therefore not conclusive.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in northern Kyushu, Japan.

A case-control study of gastric cancer was done in a rural area of northern Kyushu, Japan, in relation to dietary habits especially focusing on the relationship with the consumption of broiled fish. The study was based upon 139 cases of newly diagnosed gastric cancer at a single institution, 2,574 hospital controls and 278 controls sampled randomly from the residents of the study area (with sex and year of birth matched). No association was observed between the consumption of broiled fish and gastric cancer risk whether three types of broiled fish (raw fish, dried fish and salted fish) were analyzed separately or as a single category. However, consistently in the comparisons with both sets of controls, the risk of gastric cancer was inversely related with the consumption of fruits and positively associated with cigarette smoking. A decreased risk of gastric cancer was also noted among those with high consumption of green tea (10 or more cups per day).

Adult↗