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Biomedical subjects

S Kono

Publications and source records attributed to S Kono.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[[A treatise on sex ratio in population by marital status: marriage squeeze and widowhood]].

"This study deals with imbalances of sex ratio in population by marital status, particularly focussing on two important demographic problems in Japan...the first relating to an excess of male population in marriageable ages and the second relating to an excess of [single, widowed, or divorced women] in the middle and old ages.... Population ageing [of] unmarried women, whether never married, widowed or divorced, [is examined]....Tables of [the] family life cycle have been constructed for Japanese couples for the periods 1920 to 1985, particularly specifying lengths of widowhood and widowerhood." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical observations and the planning of therapy for sacrococcygeal tumors].

Amongst sacrococcygeal tumors, teratoma is seen often while other histologic types are rare. It is apparent that the less obvious intrapelvic tumors can cause obstructive symptoms and are usually diagnosed late. Twenty cases of sacrococcygeal tumor, including 14 teratomas (9 benign, 5 malignant) and 6 others (3 benign, 3 malignant) were treated at Tokyo Medical College and Shizuoka Children's Hospital over the last 23 years. The majority of the benign tumors were readily excised, but one case of benign teratoma was difficult to excise and died of bleeding. The resectability of malignant tumors was low, but aggressive multiagent chemotherapy, radiotherapy and second look operation made it possible to increase the survival. One case is alive and has been disease free for 11 years. Recently combined therapy by chemotherapy and surgery has improved the survival rate although some problems still remain.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol consumption, serum lipids and severity of angiographically determined coronary artery disease.

The relation of alcohol consumption to serum lipids and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was examined in 212 men undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed in terms of the presence of greater than or equal to 75% diameter stenosis and the Gensini severity score. Alcohol consumption was divided into 4 categories: none (0 ml alcohol/week), light (1 to 100 ml alcohol/week), moderate (101 to 300 ml alcohol/week) and heavy (greater than or equal to 301 ml alcohol/week). Alcohol consumption was positively related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inversely related to total cholesterol, but was not associated with triglyceride. After adjustment for these serum lipids as well as for cigarette smoking and systemic hypertension, the risk of coronary stenosis was significantly decreased in the moderate drinkers. A decreased risk among moderate drinkers also was noted in terms of Gensini's severity score. These findings suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may protect against severe coronary atherosclerosis.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Relationship of cigarette smoking to blood pressure and serum lipids.

The relationship between cigarette smoking and blood pressure and serum lipids was studied in 1775 men aged 20-59 years, in non-drinkers and drinkers separately, controlling for body mass index and physical fitness (VO2max). While systolic blood pressure was not associated with cigarette smoking, diastolic blood pressure decreased with increasing levels of cigarette smoking in non-drinkers but not in drinkers. Total cholesterol was inversely associated with smoking cigarettes in drinkers and was not associated in non-drinkers. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased with an increasing degree of cigarette consumption in non-drinkers but not in drinkers. An increase in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and triglyceride levels was positively associated with smoking cigarettes regardless of drinking habit. The present study suggests that cigarette smoking is a cardiovascular risk factor, partly due to its effect of increasing the atherogenic index, but it remains to be consolidated whether chronic smoking has an effect of lowering diastolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Age of menopause in Japanese women: trends and recent changes.

The age of menopause was investigated in a survey conducted in 1987 in 13,996 Japanese women aged 22-86 years, the findings being as follows: (1) The percentage of post-menopausal women showed a sharp linear increase between the ages of 49 and 53 years, the figure being 42.7% at age 50. The rate of increase was slightly lower after 50 years of age. (2) Among the 6477 post-menopausal women, the age at which the peak number had undergone menopause was 50 years (17.7%), followed by 49, 52 and 48 years. The crude mean age of menopause was 49.33 years in post-menopausal subjects aged over 40. The mean age of menopause in urban and rural women was not significantly different. (3) The crude mean age of menopause, calculated by classifying those aged 50 (born in or before 1937) into groups corresponding to 5-year age intervals, was highest in the 1928-32 birth-year group, followed, in descending order, by the 1923-27, 1918-22, 1917 or earlier and 1933-37 groups in all post-menopausal and in urban subjects, while in rural subjects it was highest in the 1918-22 group. However, overall, the adjusted mean age of menopause was highest (50.2 +/- 3.24 years) in the 1928-32 birth-year group, followed by the 1923-27 and 1933-37 groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum lipids and colorectal adenoma among male self-defence officials in northern Kyushu, Japan.

Colorectal adenoma is regarded as a precursor lesion of adenocarcinoma. In view of the controversy on serum cholesterol and colorectal cancer, the risk of colorectal adenoma was examined in relation to serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. In the comparison of 88 men having adenoma and 1055 men with normal colonoscopy, there was no association between serum total cholesterol and colorectal adenoma. An increased risk of adenoma was observed at the highest quartile of triglycerides and at the lowest of HDL-cholesterol. When the three serum lipids were simultaneously examined, only the relation with HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged giving odds ratio of 1.7 at the lowest quartile compared with the upper three combined (p less than 0.05). The present study is consistent with the view that the inverse relation between serum total cholesterol and colorectal cancer is due to the effects of preclinical cancer. Further clarification is needed on low HDL-cholesterol and colorectal adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Alcoholic beverages and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon: a study of male self-defence officials in Japan.

The drinking habits of 86 men with adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon were compared to those of 1184 men with normal colonoscopy among middle-aged male self-defence officials. After adjustment for rank, smoking history and rice consumption, total ethanol intake was positively associated with the risk of adenomatous polyps. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-5.5) for men consuming at least 60 ml of ethanol per day. Among five alcoholic beverages (shochu, beer, sake, whiskey and wine), both sake and beer showed a dose-response relationship with the risk of adenomatous polyps although the association with beer was less striking. Shochu was the largest source of ethanol intake in the study population, but there was virtually no association between shochu consumption and adenomatous polyps. Men drinking wine had a significantly increased risk, but these men were too few to examine the relation in detail. The findings suggest that the consumption of specific alcoholic beverages rather than ethanol itself is associated with an increased risk of adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Cancer and other causes of death among Koreans in Fukuoka, Japan, 1976-1986.

Mortalities from cancer and other causes among Koreans living in Fukuoka, Japan, between 1976 and 1986 were examined as compared with those of Japanese in the prefecture. Korean males had a marked excess in all-cause mortality, while the excess among females was less prominent. In both sexes, mortalities from liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, accident and suicide were markedly increased in the Korean population. These findings are in agreement with those observed among Koreans in Osaka. Although 20-30% lower-than-Japanese mortality from stomach cancer has been reported for Koreans in Osaka, those in Fukuoka had a risk of this cancer comparable to that of Japanese. A life-style survey of Koreans in Japan might provide a better understanding of the disease patterns observed in this population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Changes in insulin receptor kinase with aging in rat skeletal muscle and liver.

To see if insulin receptor kinase activity alters with aging, the activity of wheat germ agglutinin-purified receptor preparations from liver and skeletal muscle was compared in 2-, 4-, 10-, and 20-mo-old rats. Basal and insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of liver insulin receptor and its kinase activities toward histone 2b and poly(Glu4Tyr1) did not alter with aging. On the other hand, the muscle insulin receptor showed different results. Insulin-stimulated increases of autophosphorylation and the kinase activity toward histone 2b above basal were comparable in the four groups. However, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of poly(Glu4Tyr1) was decreased in 20-mo-old rats compared with 10- and 4-mo-old rats. These results indicate that insulin receptor kinase activity could vary under certain conditions, depending on the substrate used to measure the activity. It is concluded that insulin receptor kinase activity does not change markedly during the process of aging, although subtle changes seem to exist.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Histopathologic and morphometric studies of leptomeningeal vessels in moyamoya disease.

To clarify the morphogenesis of vascular anastomoses in the leptomeninx, we examined the leptomeningeal vessels of six autopsied patients with moyamoya disease who died of cerebral hemorrhage. Sites examined in the brain (the frontal pole, frontoparietal convexity, and lateral occipital region) were selected by the presence of angiographic abnormalities on the convexity of the hemisphere. At all examined sites, neither the vascular density (number of blood vessels per unit length of underlying cortical surface) nor the arterial/venous ratio differed significantly between the patients and 14 controls. All patients showed dilatative changes of both arteries and veins; however, attenuation or disruption of the internal elastic lamina and fibrous intimal thickening were more prominent in those patients who had had moyamoya disease longer. Our results indicate that the leptomeningeal vessels of moyamoya disease are not newly formed but are merely dilated preexisting vessels and that the structural alteration of the vascular walls suggests their adaptability for participation in the collateral circulation at the cerebral surface.

Adolescent↗