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Biomedical subjects

S Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to S Kojima.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in prostatic cancer].

Between February 1982 and February 1986, 30 patients with prostatic cancer received intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). First 10 cases were treated by the transperineal approach, and after April 1983, 20 cases were done by the retropubic approach. We chose the retropubic approach, because it has advantages over the transperineal approach, which has a risk of rectal damage, lymph-adenectomy can not be performed and the patient can not sit down for a long time after the operation. In the IORT procedure for prostatic cancer by the retropubic approach, a longitudinal lower abdominal incision is made, and pushing down the bladder, the treatment cone is inserted to the prostate. We performed lymph-adenectomy at the same operation, if hard and large lymph-nodes were touched. Of 30 patients, 2 had stage B disease, 10 had stage C and 18 had stage D disease. The overall 5-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier method) after IORT was 42.6% where as that the 31 cases seen (stage C: 6 cases, stage D: 25 cases) since the Center was founded (October 1975) until the introduction of IORT was 3.2%. Although no definite conclusion can be drawn because all cases received multidisciplinary therapy, IORT appears useful for the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Response of ovarian steroid secretion to the intrinsic gonadotropin release caused by the administration of a synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone--the difference between the follicular and luteal phases].

During gynecologic laparotomy both ovarian and peripheral venous blood specimens were collected simultaneously, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), pregnenolone (P5), 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (17 alpha-OH-P5), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), progesterone (P4), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OH-P4), delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A), estradiol (E2) and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-OH-P4) were measured in each sample by means of the radioimmunoassay technique before and after the administration of synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Significantly higher concentrations of P5, 17 alpha-OH-P4 and E2 during the follicular phase and that of P5, DHA, P4, 17 alpha-OH-P4 and E2 during luteal phase were observed in the ovarian than in the peripheral venous blood. During the follicular phase, P5, DHA and E2 concentrations in ovarian vein blood increased significantly following LH-RH administration. It was observed that the delta 4-steroids and E2 concentrations during the luteal phase were higher than those during the follicular phase. During the luteal phase P4, 17 alpha-OH-P4, and E2 increased after LH-RH administration. Enzymes involved in the formation of these steroids may be stimulated by the intrinsic gonadotropin caused by LH-RH administration. The difference in steroidal profiles in ovarian vein blood and response to LH-RH in follicular and luteal phase were demonstrated.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Increased delivery of gallium-67 to tumors using serum-stable liposomes.

Gallium-67 chelated to nitrilotriacetic acid was encapsulated in liposomes composed of various phospholipids, and 67Ga delivery potential to the tumor after intravenous injection of these liposomes was examined. Tumor uptake of the liposomes themselves and their stability in the serum were also studied. It was found that liposomes composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine, diarachidoylphosphatidylcholine, or sphingomyelin with cholesterol (molar ratio of phospholipid:cholesterol, 2:1) could be taken by the tumor effectively and could deliver large amounts of 67Ga to the tumor. They could also give high 67Ga accumulation ratios (tumor to the other tissues). The study of liposomal stability in the serum suggested that the marked 67Ga accumulation in the tumor resulted from the serum stability of the liposomal bilayer, i.e., the stable liposomes in the blood circulation could reach the tumor in large quantities after i.v. injection. These observations indicate that liposomes with an appropriate lipid composition may be an excellent tool to accumulate 67Ga in tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Antiemetic effect of timiperone and methylprednisolone in cisplatin-induced emesis].

As we already reported, timiperone, a new neuroleptic agent of the butyrophenone group, has a strong antiemetic effect against cisplatin (CDDP)-induced emesis. With timiperone 6 mg/day p.o. from the day before undergoing CDDP therapy to the last day of the therapy, non-vomiting rate was 80%. The most unfavorable adverse effect of this regimen was extrapyramidal symptoms which appear in almost 100% of the patients aged under forty-five. In this study, we attempted to reduce the dose of timiperone and its adverse effect in combination with low-dose methylprednisolone (MPL). Seventeen cases of urological malignancies with a 5-day course of CDDP (15 approximately 25 mg/m2) including anticancer therapy were entered in this open trial. Four cases aged under forty-five were given timiperone 1.5 mg/day p.o. from the day before undergoing CDDP therapy with MPL 125 mg i.v. immediately before CDDP was administered. Thirteen cases aged over forty-five were given timiperone 3.0 mg/day p.o. with MPL given in the same way. Non-vomiting rates were 47 and 79%, respectively. Extrapyramidal symptoms were seen in two cases of both groups. It was concluded that timiperone 3.0 mg with MPL 125 mg has an antiemetic efficacy comparable to that of timiperone 6.0 mg but with less adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative estimation of dietary intake in patients on hemodialysis.

A simple method to calculate the amount of dietary (protein, sodium and potassium) intake in hemodialyzed patients was developed. In 8 nutritionally stable patients, the amount of dietary intake was monitored conventionally by a dietary record method. In contrast, assuming that the amount of dietary intake was equal to the amount of accumulation in the body, the former was calculated as the change in the product of serum concentrations and total body fluid volume, which was estimated based on the sex and body build of each patient. The urea accumulation was converted to the protein intake. The interdialytic dietary protein and sodium intake calculated by this method, 120 +/- 10 g and 240 +/- 40 mEq, respectively, was not significantly different from that obtained by the dietary record, while the interdialytic potassium accumulation, 60 +/- 7 mEq, was significantly smaller than the dietary intake, 110 +/- 9 mEq, obtained by the record method, though the correlation was significant. Thus, the amount of protein and sodium intake can be calculated simply without diet research or body fluid volume measurements. Although potassium intake can not be calculated exactly because of intestinal loss, this simple method gives us a rough estimate. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that the amount of energy intake obtained by the record method may be explained by the protein and sodium intake estimated by simple calculation.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1987

Fibrinolysis by urokinase endowed with magnetic property.

The activated magnetic modifier was synthesized from magnetite, alpha, omega-dicarboxymethylpoly(oxyethylene) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 145, 908-914, 1987). Urokinase was directly coupled with the activated magnetic modifier to obtain magnetic urokinase. The magnetic urokinase dispersed in saline and exerted high fibrinolytic activity (13.8 X 10(4) IU/mg protein), and was readily recovered from saline by magnetic force of 250 Oe. By applying magnetic force, the urokinase was attracted at our will and local fibrinolysis was achieved on fibrin gel in a petri dish.

Fibrinolysis↗
PubMed1987

Production and properties of a mouse monoclonal IgE antibody to Schistosoma japonicum.

A monoclonal IgE antibody was prepared by fusion of NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells of C3H/He mice immunized with an extract of adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj). The antibody was able to elicit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat skin against Sj with the highest titer of 1/256,000 in an ascitic form but did not cross-react with any of antigens extracted from S. mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Paragoniumus westermani, or Trichinella spiralis. Western blot analysis indicated that the monoclonal IgE antibody recognized epitopes on molecules of 82 kDa, 97 kDa, 160 kDa, and 200 kDa, at least some of which were recognized by IgG antibodies of patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica. The IgE antibody also recognized a 97-kDa antigen expressed on the surface of mechanically transformed schistosomula. Passive transfer of the antibody into mice in an early stage of challenge infection resulted in a partial but significant reduction of recovery of adult worms. However, similar treatment was not effective for the protection if the antibody was given in the postlung stage of the infection. Moreover, eosinophil-mediated damage to schistosomula was observed in vitro in the presence of the monoclonal anti-Sj IgE antibody, whereas the damage was not observed in the presence of another monoclonal IgE antibody with dinitrophenyl specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cooperativity between platelet-activating factor and collagen in platelet aggregation.

Cell lysate obtained from cultured vascular endothelial cells contained a substance which induced platelet aggregation. This substance was identified as a phospholipid, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet-activating factor; PAF), by thin-layer chromatography, phospholipase A2 digestion, inhibition by a specific antagonist, CV-3988, and agonist-specific refractory state. It was further found that PAF and collagen together induced extensive aggregation of platelets even with the concentrations by which each agonist alone could not induce aggregation of platelets at all.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Release of atrial natriuretic polypeptide by graded right atrial distension in anesthetized dogs.

In order to verify the contribution of right atrial pressure to atrial natriuretic polypeptides (ANP) release, we measured plasma levels of immunoreactive (ir)-ANP when graded rise of right atrial pressure was executed in anesthetized dogs. Increasing right atrial pressure (RAP) from 2.7 +/- 0.6 to 9.0 +/- 0.7 mmHg, plasma levels of ir-ANP in aorta tended to increase by 33% but not significantly (p greater than 0.05). However, when RAP was increased from 9.0 +/- 0.7 to 17.0 +/- 1.1 mmHg, ir-ANP levels in aorta were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased by 132% of control within 5 min from the start of RAP elevation. The RAP elevation produced a sustained increase in plasma levels of ir-ANP. There was a positive correlation between right atrial pressure and plasma levels of ir-ANP. The plasma levels of ir-ANP were similar between aorta and pulmonary artery. These results demonstrate that increasing atrial pressure is closely correlated with ANP release and ANP is not greatly metabolized by pulmonary circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparisons of labeling efficiency, biological activity and biodistribution among 125I-, 67Ga-DTPA-and 67Ga-DFO-lectins.

The labeling efficiency, biological activity and biodistribution of 125I labeled and 67Ga chelating agent conjugated lectins were investigated. Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCH) were efficiently labeled with 67Ga using bifunctional chelating agents such as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and deferoxamine (DFO), whereas labeling with 125I was significantly less efficient. The agglutinating activity of these lectins towards Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells was retained on conjugation with DFO, but not with DTPA. The in vitro binding ratio of 67Ga-DFO-lectins for EAT cells was almost the same as that of 125I-lectins. However, the value was significantly decreased in the case of 67Ga-DTPA-lectins. In the biodistribution study of radiolabeled lectins in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) bearing mice, the accumulation of radioactivity in tumor tissue was very much less with 67Ga-DTPA-lectins than with 125I-lectins. However, the concentration was significantly elevated in the case of 67Ga-DFO-lectins. While, these lectins accumulated in liver, spleen, lung, and kidney to a greater extent than 67Ga citrate, the tumor to organ ratios became very low. These low tumor to organ ratios, in contrast to 67Ga citrate, will certainly inhibit the tumor delineation, and therefore it seems that in spite of a high accumulation ratio of 67Ga-DFO-lectins in tumor tissue, these agents are not useful in tumor detection.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

An experimental study on differential diagnosis of tumor from inflammation by using 125I labeled Pisum sativum agglutinin.

We have reported that Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), a plant lectin which recognizes mannosyl residues, accumulates markedly in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) and suggested the possibility of applying PSA to tumor imaging radiopharmaceuticals. In the present work, an inflammation was induced by implantation of cotton thread in the left rear leg skeletal muscle of ddY mice and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were inoculated into the right rear leg. 67Ga-citrate accumulated in the tumor tissue and the inflammatory lesion to almost equal extents. On the other hand, 125I-PSA preferentially accumulated in tumor tissues in mice bearing both tumor and inflammation. The results suggest that differential diagnosis of tumor from inflammation using radiolabeled PSA may be possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Paragonimus westermani: a comparative study on the migration route of the diploid and triploid types in the final hosts.

Recent studies on chromosomes have shown the presence of diploid and triploid types of Paragonimus westermani. To determine any possible biological differences between them, the migration route and development of the diploid type in the final hosts were compared with those of the triploid type. In the cat, the definitive host, larvae of the diploid type migrated to the abdominal wall, remained there for two weeks, and then migrated to the lung. In the rat, the abnormal host, some orally administered metacercariae of the diploid type made cysts in the lung and laid eggs, but the triploid type did not lay any eggs. Neither type of P. westermani migrated to the liver of the rat, in contrast to the previously reported fact that P. miyazakii and P. ohirai migrate to the liver and develop there. From these results, it seems likely that the two types of P. westermani are closely related.

Abdomen↗