Plasma polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex in patients with gastric ulcer.
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C-Reactive Protein↗
Biomedical subjects
S Koga
Publications and source records attributed to S Koga.
Dynamic aspects of thrombus formation in mutant analbuminemic rats.
To elucidate the mechanism for thrombus formation in hypoalbuminemic and hyperlipidemic subjects, the experimental thrombus formation was analyzed in Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR). The mutant rat reveals similar biochemical findings to those of NS, such as hyperlipidemia. When thrombus was induced in a small branch of the mesenteric artery by inserting a glass micropipette, thrombus formation was observed within 4 min in NAR and Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR). In SDR, the thrombus gradually grew up in size and detached from the inserted glass micropipette within 4 min after its formation. In contrast, the thrombus formed in NAR did not dissociate from the micropipette until 10-13 min after its formation. The maximum size of the thrombus formed in NAR was about 4 times larger than that in SDR. In the presence of fibrin, the plasma samples from NAR inhibited the activity of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) 1.7 times more potently than did SDR plasma. Plasma gamma 2-plasmin inhibitor activity was significantly higher than that in SDR. Albumin significantly enhanced the t-PA-catalyzed activation of plasminogen, suggesting that the serum albumin might contribute, at least in part, to the plasma fibrinolytic activity. Thus, the higher thrombogenic potential in NAR than in SDR might be due to the reduced thrombolytic activity in NAR.
Animals↗
Effect of protein C and activated protein C on coagulation and fibrinolysis in normal human subjects.
Although protein C (PC) and activated protein C (APC) have been postulated to be useful for treating patients with thrombosis, their critical effect remains to be studied in human subjects. To examine whether purified PC or APC are useful for treating patients with thrombosis without showing any adverse effect, we studied effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis in normal human subjects. When highly purified human PC was administered intravenously to healthy subjects, plasma levels of immunoreactive PC decreased with a half-life of 10.9 h. Intravenously administered APC decreased with a half-life of 23 min as measured by prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). However, 1.7 h was obtained for the plasma half-life of APC when it was measured immunologically. These findings suggested that a significant fraction of the administered APC was rapidly inhibited by plasma inhibitor. Upon administration of APC, APTT was prolonged and plasma levels of clotting factor VIII (F-VIII) decreased transiently as measured by clotting assay. However, when determined by a chromogenic assay method in which 120-fold diluted plasma samples were used, plasma levels of F-VIII remained unchanged. Plasma levels of F-V did not decrease after APC administration. These findings suggested that prolongation of APTT and apparent decrease in plasma F-VIII clotting activity might be due to the in vitro-effect of APC present in plasma samples used. Diurnal fluctuation of plasminogen activator inhibitor in normal subject was not affected by administration of APC. Thus, PC or APC seems to function selectively at the site of thrombin-formation without lowering plasma levels of coagulation factors.
Adult↗
Treatment of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation by protein C.
The therapeutic effect of highly purified protein C (PC) or activated protein C (APC) on three patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was tested. In two out of three cases, although therapeutic dose of heparin was not effective, PC or APC administration significantly improved the hypercoagulable state. In one case with acute leukemia who developed DIC with the severe gastrointestinal bleeding, APC corrected the hypercoagulable state without aggravating bleeding. These findings suggested that PC and/or APC might be effective in correcting hypercoagulable state without any adverse effect.
Anticoagulants↗
Possible association between gastrectomy and subsequent development of esophageal cancer.
To clarify the possible association between gastrectomy and the subsequent development of esophageal cancer, we studied the incidence of subjective gastroesophageal reflux in 287 patients and analyzed the nutritional status and results of endoscopic examination of the esophagus in 62 patients who had survived for a long period after gastrectomy for nonmalignant diseases. The incidence of postoperative reflux was 22.6%. None of the patients had severe deterioration of blood parameters or nutritional status. Endoscopic observation revealed esophagitis in 24.2% of patients, mainly in the lower esophagus. Histologically, there was a high incidence of infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, enlarged papillae, and basal cell hyperplasia. Epithelial dysplasia was detected in 41.9% of patients, and of these there were more patients in whom the degree of dysplasia was more severe in the lower esophagus than in other areas. These data suggest that postgastrectomy gastroesophageal reflux is more likely than postgastrectomy changes in nutritional status to be a possible contributory factor to the development of subsequent esophageal cancer.
Adult↗
Extracorporeally induced total-body hyperthermia for disseminated cancer.
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Combined Modality Therapy↗
A prospective cohort study on the development of colorectal cancer after gastrectomy.
A prospective cohort study was conducted to examine whether an association exists between gastric surgery and the subsequent development of colorectal carcinoma. One thousand nine hundred twenty-seven patients (1316 men and 611 women) who had undergone curative gastrectomy for gastroduodenal diseases in the First Department of Surgery, Tottori University Hospital, during the 18-year period from 1964 to 1981, were followed to determine the incidence of the development of large-bowel carcinoma after gastric surgery. The age-, sex-, and calendar-specific population at risk was calculated by the person-years method. The observed number of colorectal cancers after gastrectomy was 19 (15 men, 4 women) compared with 9.69 expected carcinomas. The difference between the observed and expected numbers was statistically significant. The authors believe that patients with previous gastrectomy are at high risk for colorectal carcinoma.
Adult↗
Radiation-induced esophageal cancer: a case report and a review of the literature.
A 63 year old woman who had been irradiated for thyroid carcinoma at 36 years of age developed a cervico-esophageal stricture, the biopsy specimens from which revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Total esophagectomy was performed and a small linear ulcer was found in the resected specimen. Histological examination revealed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with severe fibrosis around the tumor, indicating radiation-induced cervical esophageal cancer. The characteristics of radiation-induced esophageal cancers described in the literature are reviewed in context of the present case.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
The influence of hyperthermia in vitro on the functions of peritoneal macrophages in mice.
Total-body hyperthermia (TBHT) as a treatment for cancer may lead to a reduction in the host's immunocompetence as a result of the direct effects of heat on the immune system. Thus, we studied the influences of hyperthermia in vitro on the function of peritoneal macrophages from mice. Peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice were heated in vitro for 3 hr at 37, 39, 40, 41 or 42 degrees C. After exposure to heat, the phagocytic ability of the macrophages, as well as results of the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and the cytotoxicity test were examined. The changes in all these parameters showed almost the same pattern: a tendency for macrophage functions to be potentiated up to 40 degrees C, and a tendency towards inhibited functioning at temperatures above 41 degrees C. Although augmented functions of macrophages were observed after exposure to mild hyperthermia (less than 40 degrees C), the possibility of TBHT (42 degrees C)-induced inhibition of macrophage function must be further investigated in clinical trials of TBHT therapy for cancer.
Animals↗
The effects of hyperthermia on the cell cycle of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells in vivo.
The effects of hyperthermia on the cell cycle of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells were studied, and these effects simultaneously evaluated in terms of prolonging the survival of test mice inoculated with tumor cells from heat-treated mice. DDY mice bearing Ehrlich ascites cancer cells were placed in a water bath at 37 degrees C, 39 degrees C, 41 degrees C, 42 degrees C. The heating of mice at 41 degrees C, 42 degrees C and 43 degrees C induced the accumulation of cancer cells at the G2M phase of the cell cycle with many cells exhibiting polyploidy (16 C). The extent of accumulation increased as the temperature of incubation was raised, however the interrupted cell cycle resumed 120 hours after heating. The retransplantation of cells from the heat-treated mice revealed that the mice which were inoculated with Ehrlich ascites cancer cells from mice heated at 43 degrees C survived longer, while the mice which were inoculated with Ehrlich ascites cancer cells from mice heated at 39 degrees C survived for only a slightly shorter time than those which were inoculated with cells from mice heated at 37 degrees C.
Animals↗
Management of pyeloureterotomy incision.
We reviewed 122 cases of pyeloureterolithotomy. The pyeloureterotomy incision was closed loosely in 70 cases and not closed in 52 cases. The duration of urinary leakage had no difference statistically between no closure and loose closure (p greater than 0.01). The duration of urinary leakage from the renal pelvis and the upper ureter was shorter than that from the lower ureter in both loose and no closure (p less than 0.05). There was no postoperative stricture. In difficult closures it is not necessary to close the pyeloureterotomy incision.
Adolescent↗
Does extensive dissection of lymph nodes improve the results of surgical treatment of gastric cancer?
The results of surgical treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer were analyzed retrospectively in terms of the extent of dissection of lymph nodes. The postoperative 5-year survival rate was 50.3% for 160 patients who had undergone potentially curative surgery with dissection of group 1, 2, and 3 lymph nodes (R3), compared with 48.8% for 185 patients with dissection of group 1 and 2 lymph nodes (R2). There was no difference in terms of survival between the two groups of patients. Of 160 patients receiving R3, 19 (11.9%) were found to be positive for metastasis to group 3 lymph nodes, and only 5 survived for more than 5 years after surgery (postoperative 5-year survival rate of 26.3%). In four of these five patients, metastases in the group 3 lymph nodes were confined to nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Thus, it appears that in dissection of the deepest nodes, lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament are the most important to remove in the surgical treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
Actuarial Analysis↗
Post-traumatic priapism treated with metaraminol bitartrate: case report.
A 30-year-old male with post-traumatic priapism for 7 days was treated successfully by metaraminol bitartrate injection into the corpus cavernosum. This result suggests that an alpha-adrenagic agent injection into the corpus cavernosum should be considered in post-traumatic priapism at first.
Adult↗
Parameatal urethral cysts of the glans penis.
Parameatal urethral cysts are uncommon in the male. We have seen 9 cases and have reviewed these and the 35 cases reported in Japan between 1919 and 1984. The cysts recurred after rupture or aspiration in 3 cases and complete excision is recommended.
Adolescent↗
Urethral calculi.
We present 56 patients with urethral calculi. In males the commonest location was the posterior urethra; 46 patients complained of dysuria but urinary retention was present in only 7. In 9 patients with penile urethral calculi, 6 had associated urethral disease (urethral stricture in 5 and urethral diverticula in 1). Transurethral litholapaxy or lithotripsy after retrograde manipulation was performed in 33 patients. Endoscopic manipulation was found to be the safest procedure.
Adolescent↗
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in tissues and sera from patients with gastric cancer.
Detection of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in tissues and sera was performed by an immunoperoxidase assay and by radioimmunoassay of samples from patients with gastric cancer. Twenty-eight of 102 (27.5%) gastrectomized patients and 13 of 21 (44.8%) patients with recurrent cancer showed abnormal and elevated levels of CA 19-9 in sera of more than 37 U/ml. Sixty-five of 102 (63.7%) patients gave positive localizations of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues and 20 of 102 (19.6%) gave positive localizations of CA 19-9 in noncancerous gastric mucosa. Twenty-five of 28 (89.3%) patients with elevated serum CA 19-9 showed positive evidence of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues, and 37 of 74 (50.0%) patients with normal serum levels of CA 19-9 also showed positive evidence of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues. However, there were no clear relationships between CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues or in sera and the stage or histological type of the gastric cancer. These data indicate that CA 19-9 may be not released easily into blood circulation or that the concentration of CA 19-9 in tissues may be low, even though a large proportion of gastric cancer cells produces CA 19-9. It appears, therefore, that CA 19-9 will be restricted clinical use as a detector, monitor or tumor-associated antigen of gastric cancer.
Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
Traumatic dislocation of the testes.
Traumatic dislocation of the testis is an unusual disorder. A case of bilateral traumatic dislocation of the testes is presented. Ultrasound examination is very useful for determination of the preoperative diagnosis and management of the dislocated testis.
Abdomen↗
Breath-by-breath gas exchange kinetics during constant-load work.
In order to study respiratory transients during exercise, we examined breath-by-breath gas exchange kinetics during constant-load work. Five male subjects performed cycle ergometer tests which 6 min of constant-load work (150, 200, 250W) followed 50W base-line work. VCO2 and VO2 measured at the mouth ((VCO2)E, (VO2)E) and estimated at the alveolar level ((VCO2)A, (VO2)A) were computed breath-by-breath. The kinetic parameter (time constant) of first- and second-order exponential model was estimated using non-linear least-squares method. Our results demonstrated that a relative stability of PETO2, PETCO2, and R at their control values in the first phase. Independent of work intensities, breath-by-breath variation in gas exchange measured at the mouth was larger than those in gas exchange estimated at the alveolar level both at a non-steady state and a steady state. The time constants of (VO2)A and (VO2)E were varied with increase of work load intensity.
Exercise Test↗