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Biomedical subjects

S Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to S Kodama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Growth impairment in infants with atopic dermatitis].

The study deals with the physical growth of 38 infants with atopic dermatitis and 11 controls. The SD scores of hight and wight in severe group was significantly lower than those of mild and modelate groups. And serum IGF-1 levels showed lower than those of mild and modelate groups. On the otherhand, the SD scores of weight and serum IGF-1 levels showed no significant difference between the patient with and without avoidance of allergenic foods, though a lot of patients belonged to severe group avoided their allergenic foods. These results suggested that pathogeneses of the impaired physical growth of severe atopic infants due to malnutrition because of their malabsorption. In conclusion, avoidance of allergenic foods may needs to prevent from the growth failure in severe atopic infants.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1996

The role of adenoids in nasopharyngeal colonization with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

Nasopharyngeal colonization with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and immune responses in the adenoid were studied in 18 patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) who underwent adenoidectomy. NTHi in excised adenoid tissue and in nasopharyngeal secretions was examined by quantitative culture assay. NTHi was detected in 13 adenoid samples and 12 nasopharyngeal secretions. In 11 cases, NTHi was cultured from both samples of nasopharyngeal secretion and adenoids, and the concentration of NTRi in nasopharyngeal secretions was significantly correlated with that in adenoids. A significant negative correlation was observed between anti-NTHi IgA antibody titers and the number of NTHi in nasopharyngeal secretions. The number of NTRi in nasopharyngeal secretions and adenoids was decreased in the cases having a large number of NTHi-specific IgA and IgG antibody-producing cells in their adenoids. The results suggest that mucosal immunity in the nasopharynx is responsible for reducing the colonization of NTHi, and that the adenoid plays an important role in regulating the immune responses.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1995

Elevated expression of mitochondrial cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4/4L genes in senescent human cells.

In order to isolate cDNAs expressed differentially in senescent cells, we constructed a cDNA library from poly(A)+ RNA of senescent human fibroblast cells and screened cDNAs by the differential screening method. We isolated five cDNA clones expressed preferentially in the senescent cells. These five cDNA clones fell into two groups by cross-hybridization. Sequence analysis revealed that these cDNA clones were homologous to the human mitochondrial genes for cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4/4L (ND4/4L). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of these two mitochondrial genes were elevated in senescent cells compared to young cells. However, the expression of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene was similar between young and senescent cells, implying that the preferential expression of the mitochondrial genes in the senescent cells was selective for cytb and ND4/4L genes. The results suggest that expressions of mitochondrial cytb and ND4/4L genes are regulated by a senescence-dependent mechanism.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

A clinicopathologic study of 30 patients with Paget's disease of the vulva.

Clinical and pathologic analyses were performed in 30 patients with Paget's disease of the vulva to investigate the risk factors for recurrence. From 1971 to 1993, we carried out histologic examinations in 27 resected vulvae to detect Paget's cells at the surgical margin. Prior to 1981, 9 patients underwent the examination, and 6 of them had positive surgical margins, and 2 of these 6 patients had local recurrence. After 1982, the preoperative multiple biopsy and intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of the surgical margins were performed, and as a result, cases of the lesions remaining as stumps on the vaginal side decreased in 7 of 18 examined patients. In these 7 cases, 2 cases had local recurrence. The patients were further divided into three groups according to histologic findings to investigate their prognosis: 10 patients with intraepithelial Paget's disease (IEP), 9 patients with minimally invasive Paget's disease (MIP), and 11 patients with underlying carcinoma (UC) including 2 cases of carcinoma in situ. Four locally recurrent cases were found in IEP or MIP, and the longest period from surgery to recurrence was 8 years and 4 months. The invasive UC lesions persisted or recurred shortly after surgery (median, 10 months) and 5 of the 6 patients with general metastasis. For IEP and MIP, surgical margins of the vaginal side should be carefully examined with preoperative multiple biopsy and intraoperative frozen section, and also a long-term follow-up is necessary. With regard to invasive UC patients, their prognosis was found to be very poor for general metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Aflatoxin B1-induced immortalization of cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

To examine the mechanisms of immortalization in human cells, normal human diploid fibroblasts (WHE-7) and skin fibroblasts from a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (MDAH 087) and a mutant p53 allele were treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Exogenous metabolic activation of AFB1 with rat liver post-mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) was used and the optimal treatment conditions needed were determined by the inducibility of unscheduled DNA synthesis. The same degree of cytotoxicity was observed with MDAH 087 cells and normal WHE-7 cells treated with AFB1 at 0.1, 0.3 or 1 microgram/ml for 2 h with a 2% PMS mixture. All WHE-7 cell cultures (AFB1-treated and controls) failed to escape from senescence, whereas three out of nine AFB1-treated cultures of MDAH 087 cells escaped senescence. MDAH 087 cells treated with 0.1 microgram/ml of AFB1 two or three times initially decreased in growth approximately 40 days [10 population doublings (PD)] after the first treatment. However, the cells recovered with faster growth rates after approximately 100 additional days and grew continuously. Both cultures were immortal, defined as continuous growth for over 300 PD. Cells treated once with 0.3 microgram/ml of AFB1 also escaped senescence, although they had about a 230 day time lag before restoration of cell growth. The three AFB1-treated cell lines exhibited altered morphologies, chromosome aberrations (numerical and structural aberrations) and loss of the wild-type p53 allele. Although immortal, the cells were non-tumorigenic in nude mice. Spontaneous immortalization of untreated MDAH 087 was not observed in this study. The results indicate that AFB1 treatment of cells from a Li-Fraumeni patient, but not cells from normal individuals, can induce immortalization. This model may be useful for studying mechanisms of chemically induced immortalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Normal human cells at confluence get heat resistance by efficient accumulation of hsp72 in nucleus.

We investigated the heat-sensitivity of normal human cells and cells derived from human cancers (cancer cells) heated at 43 degrees C under different culture conditions. Primary human cells which keep in contact with each other show heat resistance, but cancer cells do not. This does not correlate with the total cellular amount of heat shock protein 72, but rather with accumulation of the protein in the nucleus after heating.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1995

Shortening of the hippocampal formation in first-episode schizophrenic patients.

Shortening of hippocampal formation (HF) in chronic schizophrenic patients have been demonstrated in our previous study. The purpose of the present study is to test if shortening of the HF occurs in schizophrenic patients suffering their initial psychotic episode. We performed contiguous, 1 mm thick, magnetic resonance imaging scans in 20 first-episode schizophrenic patients, 21 chronic schizophrenic patients, and 25 healthy subjects. Both groups of schizophrenic patients demonstrated significant shortening of the HF compared with normal controls (first-episode schizophrenia, 5.3%; chronic schizophrenia, 8.0%). However, the HF length was not significantly different between the first-episode and chronic schizophrenic patients. No significant correlation was seen between the HF length and the duration of illness in chronic schizophrenic patients. These results suggest that the HF shortening observed in schizophrenic patients may be genetic and/or developmental in origin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Adult hepatoblastoma: case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of hepatoblastoma in a 24-year-old woman. The tumour was removed by an extended right lobectomy after transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization. A survey of the literature revealed 31 cases of adult hepatoblastoma. According to these reports there are no characteristic clinical features of the tumour, making a correct diagnosis before surgery or autopsy extremely difficult. Complete removal of the tumour is the only treatment which is potentially curative provided that lesion is confined within the liver capsule.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Is routine second-look operation justified for stage I ovarian cancer?].

The results and role of second-look operation (SLO) were evaluated in 33 patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer. 1. At SLO, histological evidence of disease was not identified in any of 24 patients, but washing cytology showed class III in 2 patients. 2. Only one (4.5%) patient with stage Ic (washing cytology: positive) has had a recurrence following negative SLO. 3. Recurrent tumor developed in 2 (33.3%) of the stage Ic (capsular invasion) patients and 1 (16.7%) of the stage Ic (washing cytology: positive) patient, but all patients with stage Ia or Ic (surgically ruptured by surgeon) are alive without recurrence. 4. Based on this experience, our current recommendation for patients with stage Ia or Ic (surgically ruptured by surgeon) epithelial ovarian cancer following comprehensive staging surgery and primary chemotherapy is that they do not require routine SLO.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Study on the relationship between hormonal cytology and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women].

We assessed the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and hormonal cytology in 181 postmenopausal women. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age at menopause, hormonal cytology (eosinophilic index (EI), karyopyknotic index (KPI) and maturation value (MV)) and estradiol were investigated. A positive correlation was found between BMD and hormonal cytology (EI r = 0.17 p < 0.05, KPI r = 0.19 p < 0.05 and MV r = 0.37 p < 0.005). The low BMD group (BMD < 0.8g/cm2 n = 87) had significantly lower hormonal cytology than the normal BMD group (BMD > or = 0.8g/cm2 n = 94). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed MV at 30 was available for the cutoff point in predicting osteopenia. MV < 30 detected osteopenia (BMD < 0.8g/cm2) as 0.76 in sensitivity and 0.65 in specificity. These findings suggest that hormonal cytology is useful for screening osteopenia in post-menopausal women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

[Ventilatory insufficiency due to upper cervical injury treated by diaphragm pacing: a case report].

A 33-year-old man suffered chronic ventilatory insufficiency with tetraplegia after an operation for atlantoaxial dislocation. He was alert and his tetraplegia gradually improved. However, continuous mechanical ventilation was necessary for him. Thirteen months after the operation, a diaphragm pacer (Avery Laboratory Inc.) was implanted on the right phrenic nerve in the cervical region. Nineteen days after the implantation of the right side pacer, a left side diaphragm pacer was also implanted. Diaphragm pacing was started two weeks after the second implantation. The pacing period was gradually prolonged and continuous pacing for 9 hours by the right side pacer and three hours by the left side pacer was able to be obtained. One year after implantation, twelve continuous hours of diaphragm pacing became possible. During diaphragm pacing, blood gas analysis was satisfactory and the patient could move sitting on a wheel chair, watch television and write letters using a word processor. We were unable to achieve total ventilatory support for him using these diaphragm pacers. We thought that the main cause of our partial failure originated from the procedure used in implanting the electrode onto the phrenic nerve. Left side pacing needs higher amplitude than that used on the right side to obtain sufficient tidal volume. The patient refused our continuing the left side pacing because of pain around the anterior chest and shoulder. Another problem to be watched is diaphragm fatigue. However, diaphragm pacing has been continued for six years and it has been useful in improving his quality of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Classification of congenital hypothyroidism based on scintigraphy, ultrasonography and the serum thyroglobulin level.

In the present study, infants with congenital hypothyroidism discovered on neonatal mass screening were examined in order to clarify the pathogenesis by means of I-123 or Tc-99m scintigraphy, with and without thyroid ultrasonography and serum thyroglobulin measurement. The patients were divided into two groups: sixteen neonates with hypothyroidism discovered in a neonatal mass screening program performed between 1985 and 1992 (group A), and eleven neonates discovered between 1992 and 1994 (group B). In group A, only I-123 scintigraphy was performed to determine the pathogenesis. Group B was subjected to Tc-99m scintigraphy, thyroid ultrasonography and serum thyroglobulin measurement. The pathogenesis of thirteen patients with congenital hypothyroidism in group A (1985-1992) were as follows; seven patients were diagnosed as having dysorganogenesis, consisting of six with ectopic glands and one with agenesis of the thyroid gland. Six patients were diagnosed as having dyshormonogenesis. All three patients with transient hypothyroidism were diagnosed as having transient dyshormonogenesis. The pathogenesis of eight patients with congenital hypothyroidism in group B (1992-1994) were as follows; one patient of dysorganogenesis with ectopic gland and seven patients of dyshormonogenesis consisting of one patient with iodine transport defect, one patient with iodine transport defect combined with ectopic gland, one patient with dyshormonogenesis combined with dysorganogenesis and four patients with only dyshormonogenesis. All of three patients with transient hypothyroidisms were diagnosed as transient dyshormonogenesis. These results suggest that the examination of thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasonography as well as serum thyroglobulin measurement are useful to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital hypothyroidism.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1995

Prolonged disease-free period in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Thirteen patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, who did not show any detectable lesion after cisplatin-containing chemotherapy following primary operation, were treated with adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL group). Eleven patients with almost equivalent conditions of disease, who were treated with only chemotherapy following primary operation, served as a control group. The median time of follow-up was 36 (range, 23-44) months in the TIL group and 33 (range, 14-48) months in the control group. The estimated 3-year overall survival rate of disease-free patients in the TIL group and in the control group was 100% and 67.5%, respectively. A significant difference was noticed between the overall survival rate of the TIL group and the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the estimated 3-year disease-free survival rate of the patients in the TIL group and in the control group was 82.1% and 54.5%, respectively. The disease-free survival rate of patients in the TIL group and in the control group was significantly different (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the adoptive transfer of TILs after all chemotherapy has been finished might be one promising method to achieve complete cure of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Biological-clinical significance of selective loss of HLA-class-I allelic product expression in squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

To determine possible correlations between the selective loss of HLA-class-I allelic forms on neoplastic cells and their biological-clinical characteristics, 89 squamous-cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix were evaluated immunohistochemically using monomorphic and polymorphic antibodies against HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules and analyzed clinico-pathologically. Four of the carcinomas exhibited a lack of detectable class-I heavy-chain expression associated with beta 2-microglobulin. In 19 of 42 HLA-A2-positive patients, tumor cells revealed loss of the HLA-A2 allelic product. Loss of HLA-B7 and/or 40 (B7/40) allelic product(s) on tumor cells was observed in 12 of 25 HLA-B7/40-positive cases. These alterations did not correlate with patient age, clinical stage (FIGO) of the disease, histological sub-type (WHO) or depth of cervical invasion. However, a statistically significant correlation was observed between lymph-node metastases and selective loss of HLA-B7/40 allelic product(s), but not with HLA-A2 allelic product on cancer cells of the primary lesion. Our results indicate that selective loss of certain HLA-class-I alleles on neoplastic cells can influence the nodal metastatic potential and suggest that these 2 class-I molecules may have different immune functions as restriction elements in T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immunomodulation in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

The immunomodulation determined by natural killer cell activity, delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative and phytohemagglutin, and phenotypic changes of peripheral blood lymphocytes was characterized in 12 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who received adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) after cisplatin-containing chemotherapy (TIL group). As a control, 10 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who did not receive infusions of TIL were also examined in the same fashion. In the TIL group, peripheral blood lymphocytes showed increased percentages of cells bearing the CD8 antigen, in contrast to stable percentages of CD4 antigen-bearing cells, resulting in a decreased ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells. The percentages of CD16 and CD56 antigen-bearing cells also increased in proportion to augmentation of natural killer cell activity against K562 cells. Additionally, with regard to cell-mediated immunity determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutin and purified protein derivative, significantly and slightly enlarged erythema was observed 2 and 8 weeks, respectively, after the injection of TILs (phytohemagglutin, P < 0.05; purified protein derivative, not statistically significant). The control group showed no major changes in any of the immunological markers. These results suggest the possibility that the adoptive transfer of TILs induces immunoactivation of cellular immunity and enhances natural killer activity in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cytogenetic analysis of murine cell lines from diethylstilbestrol-induced uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas.

Treatment of female CD-1 mice with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) on days 1 through 5 after birth results in a 90% incidence of endometrial adenocarcinomas by 18 months of age Three cell lines were established from DES-induced uterine carcinomas and studied for specific chromosomal changes. Each cell line exhibited numerical decreases in chromosomes 9, 11, 13, and X as common abnormalities. Structural alterations involving chromosomes 3, 6, 11, and 19 occurred nonrandomly among the three cell lines. Every cell line showed a rearrangement in the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q+), a translocation between chromosomes 3 and 19 [t(3;19)], isochromosome of chromosome 11 [i(11)], and a marker chromosome (M2) either as common abnormalities or recurrent abnormalities. t(3;19), i(11), and M2 were observed also in the primary colonies from which the cell lines arose. The changes were not observed in a cell line derived from the uterus of one untreated control mouse, suggesting that these chromosomal alterations may have occurred during DES-induced neoplastic transformation. The chromosomal alterations found in the present study may prove useful in investigating the genetic changes involved in DES carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗