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Biomedical subjects

S Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to S Kodama.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Glycosylceramide synthesis in the developing spinal cord and kidney of the twitcher mouse, an enzymatically authentic model of human Krabbe disease.

UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase activity was assayed in the spinal cord and kidney of the recently discovered neurological mutant, the twitcher mouse, which is an enzymatically authentic model of human globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease). The activity in the spinal cord was essentially normal during the early myelination period up to 15 days. There was a slight reduction at 20 days. At 25 and 33 days, the galactosyltransferase activity was drastically reduced compared to controls. In contrast, the galactosyltransferase activity in the kidney of twitcher mice remained normal throughout the developmental stages examined. Activity of the control enzyme UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase was always normal in both the spinal cord and kidney. Thus, reduction of galactosylceramide synthesis occurs in the CNS secondarily to the pathological alteration of the oligodendroglia. No such reduction occurs in the kidney, at least for the last step of galactosylceramide synthesis. Reduced synthesis as the result of metabolic regulation in the presence of the catabolic block is therefore unlikely to be the cause of the lack of abnormal accumulation of galactosylceramide in the kidney of patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Problems on recurrence after removal of teratoma in pineal region--an experience of recurrence of pineal teratoma 4 years after tumor removal].

A case of teratoma in the pineal region which recurred 4 years after the first tumor removal was reported in this paper. When the patient was 5 years old, she, complained of headache and vomiting, and visited our hospital. As a heterogeneous mass with no enhancement effect was found in the pineal region by CT scan, she was admitted on November 9, 1976. There was no abnormalities on physical examination but neurological examination revealed slight disturbance of conjugate upward gaze (Parinaud's sign). Left vertebral angiogram demonstrated posterior superior displacement of posterior choroidal artery and downward displacement of Rosenthal vein, but early venous filling and tumor stain were not seen. Under preoperative diagnosis of a teratoma in the pineal region, the first operation (left occipital craniotomy and total removal of the tumor) was performed on November 24, 1975. Microscopic examinations revealed that the removed tumor was a mature teratoma in the pineal region. Postoperative course was uneventful and discharged on December 20, 1975. The follow-up study was continued at outside clinic after discharge. There was no signs of recurrence until 3 years after the first operation, but on January, 1981 (4 years after the first operation), she suffered from severe headache and vomiting again and re-admitted to our hospital on February 3, 1981. There was no remarkable neurological deficits except for the mild intracranial hypertensive sign and no changes of findings on angiogram. But CT findings were markedly characteristic. It revealed a heterogenous mass with remarkable enhancement effect in the pineal region and ventricular enlargement. Because a mixed type (teratomatous and germinomatous) of pineal tumors was suspected from the CT findings, irradiation was done after V-P shunt. The tumor was reduced to half size after the first course of 2000 rads irradiation, but there is no more reduction of the size of the tumor following the second course of 2000 rads (total 4000 rads) irradiation. Against the residual tumor, tumor removal was performed on June 2, 1981. Microscopically, the most part of the resected tumor showed fibrous changes caused by irradiation and partially teratomatous compartment. From this result (radiosensitivity and histology) the authors assumed that the recurred tumor could be a mixed type (germinoma and teratoma) of pineal tumor. Postoperative course was uneventful except for a transient disturbance of conjugate upward gaze and she was discharged on June 25, 1981. And now, there is no signs of recurrence 12 months after the second operation. Conclusively, it will be stressed that we should continue follow-up study the case even after total removal of teratoma, especially in the pineal region. Moreover, it was considered that there is a possibility of the changes of the histological features on recurrence of the pineal teratoma. When germinomatous compartment is suspected, irradiation is the first choice and then microsurgical operation should be done against residual tumor.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

A method for simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human plasma by using two steps of high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method for simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OH-D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) in human plasma has been developed by using two steps of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipids extracted from 0.51 ml of human plasma were first subjected to the preparative HPLC using a Nucleosil 5C18 column (reversed-phase type) and a 25-OH-D fraction containing 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 was separated. The separated fraction was subsequently subjected to the analytical HPLC using a Zorbax SIL column (straight-phase type). Since the peaks corresponding to 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 were clearly separated from one another on the chromatogram of the analytical HPLC, the metabolites could be simultaneously determined by estimating the respective peak heights. When the fractions corresponding to the respective peaks were separately collected by repeatedly applying rather large quantities of human plasma and were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), they were identified as containing 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3, respectively. The proposed method was applied to plasma samples of human adults taking 400 I.U./day of vitamin D2 for 8 weeks and the values were 22.5 +/- 8.1 ng/ml for 25-OH-D3 and 11.5 +/- 1.8 ng/ml for 25-OH-D2 (mean +/- S.D.), respectively.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1981

Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in maternal, cord and neonatal blood.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OH-D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) proposed in a previous paper (1) was applied to determine the plasma levels of the metabolites in perinatal and postnatal periods. The plasma samples of maternal, cord and neonatal blood were collected in summer and winter seasons. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 was detected in all the samples. The plasma levels of the metabolite in mothers, cords and newborn infants (at life within 24 hr) in summer were 33.9 +/- 12.5, 18.9 +/- 8.4 and 16.6 +/- 6.4 (mean +/- S.D.) ng/ml, respectively, while those in winter were 15.8 +/- 6.6, 8.8 +/- 3.4 and 7.7 +/- 3.2 ng/ml, respectively. The data in summer were significantly higher than the respective data in winter and there were high significant correlations between the mothers and cords and between mothers and newborns. In both seasons, the plasma levels of mothers were about two times higher than the respective data of cords and newborns which were nearly identical with one another. The similar tendency was always observed in the individual data of mothers-cords-newborns pair samples. In this study, many plasma samples from mothers, cords and newborns were examined, but 25-OH-D2 was detected in only few samples (6/41 for mothers, 3/36 for cords and 2/34 for newborns). However, the metabolite began to appear in all the samples during nursing with vitamin D2-fortified dry milk to show 4.6 +/- 1.3 and 4.8 +/- 1.2 ng/ml in the summer and winter samples of neonates at life of 5-6 days, respectively. When the variation of plasma 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 levels was examined in postnatal periods until one month, the levels of exogenous 25-OH-D2 was increased while those of endogenous 25-OH-D3 was decreased. The sum of vitamin D2 intake from fortified dry milk was highly significantly correlated with the plasma levels of 25-OH-D2, which indicates that daily uptake of exogenous vitamin D2 is very important in nutrition during postnatal periods of bottle-fed infants.

Calcifediol↗
PubMed1981

[Studies on the appropriate frequency of the cervical cancer screening (author's transl)].

A total of 73,897 cases of women above 30 years old were screened for their cervical cancer by Pap smear in Niigata prefecture in 1978 and 1979. From them 37 cases of invasive cancer (0.05%) including a case of endometrial adenocarcinoma, stage II, 30 cases of carcinoma in situ (0.04%), and 52 cases of dysplasia (0.07%) were detected. From the correlation between the check up frequency of these patients and the cervical malignancy detected, the following were pointed out: 1) No invasive cancer but carcinoma in situ were detected from those patients who were cytoscreened by successive annual visits. 2) Stage Ia but not more advanced cervical cancer were detected from those patients who were screened at 2 years interval. 3) Stage Ib or farther advanced cervical cancer were detected from those patients who visited at 3 years or more years interval just like from those patients who visited for the first time. To detect cervical cancer in its preinvasive stage, annual Pap smear of adult women over 30 years old should be continued.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Cellular localization of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary using immunoperoxidase technique (author's transl)].

An immunohistologic study of germ cell tumors of the ovary was undertaken to investigate a correlation of the histology with the presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the tissue specimens. A positive reaction for AFP was consisted of dark brownblack granular intracytoplasmic deposits and some of hyaline globules were also positive in some instances. There was tissue localization of AFP in 9 of 10 embryonal carcinomas (endodermal sinus tumor, Teilum) and in 4 of 5 solid teratomas. Two patients with embryonal carcinoma positive for AFP had normal serum level in AFP. A positive staining for HCG was found in 4 embryonal carcinomas and in 2 solid teratomas; it was consisted of dark brown cytoplasmic deposits localized exclusively to syncytiotrophoblast giant cells. The tumor cells positive for AFP but negative for HCG, and vice vasa indicated that these two carcinoembryonic proteins were produced by different cells. The localization of CEA was also studied in 3 embryonal carcinomas. None of embryonal carcinomas and 3 solid teratomas were reacted to CEA; it was consisted of a dark brown deposit localized in cell surface of stratified squamous cells and tall columnar cells forming glandular structure. All of the histologically immature neural components were negative for these carcinoembryonic proteins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[A correlation between the histological parameters such as stromal reaction and cell-mediated immune-structure of the regional lymph nodes, and the delayed cutaneous hypersensitive reaction toward DNCB in cervical cancer (author's transl)].

We have studied a correlation between the histological parameters such as stromal reaction to cervical cancer and cell-mediated immune response of the regional lymph nodes designated as lymphocyte depletion, unstimulated, and lymphocyte predominance pattern which were thought to reflect the cell-mediated immune reaction to cervical cancer and the DNCB skin reaction in 84 patients. 1) Group with DNCB skin reaction negative (20 cases): Eight showed no or only the slightest trace, 7 moderate degree, and 5 marked degree of the stromal reaction. The immune response of the regional lymph nodes were 4 of lymphocyte depletion, 6 of unstimulated and 10 of lymphocyte predominance pattern. 2) Group with DNCB skin reaction positive (64 cases): This group showed 7 cases with no or only the slightest trace, 30 cases with moderate degree and 27 cases with marked degree of the stromal reaction. In this group, 6 had the regional lymph nodes of lymphocyte depletion, 10 unstimulated and 48 lymphocyte predominance pattern. 3) There was a significant correlation between the DNCB skin reaction and the degree of stromal reaction (p less than 0.05), but no correlation between the DNCB skin reaction and the regional lymph node morphology was found in this study (p greater than 0.05). 4) The discrepancy between the stromal reaction, the lymph node morphology and the DNCB skin reaction was discussed in relation to the significance of these parameters.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Isolation and purification of in vivo-generated 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.

In order to obtain a standard compound of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OH-D2), a method for isolating in vivo-generated 25-OH-D2 from the blood of rats or rabbits was established by using several steps of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the unsaponifiable matter of the plasma obtained from rats or rabbits receiving a large dose of vitamin D2 was applied to the preparative HPLC using a Zorbax SIL column, a peak denoted as peak X was observed on the chromatogram. Since the peak X was thought to be due to 25-OH-D2 from the experiments of time course and dose-response, it was purified by subjecting it to successive preparative HPLC using several kinds of columns. From the results of ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and mass chromatography, the purified peak X compound was confirmed to be 25-OH-D2. The proposed method for isolating in vivo-generated 25-OH-D2 is very convenient, because the time to perform each HPLC is very short though several steps of HPLC are used.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy with insulin-resistant diabetes.

Hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and resistance to exogenous insulin were found in a 10-year-old Japanese boy diagnosed as having congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Studies on insulin receptors of circulating mononuclear leucocytes indicated that insulin-resistant diabetes combined with congenital generalized lipodystrophy may be due to disturbance of insulin binding to membrane receptors. No insulin-binding antibody or antibody that impairs insulin-receptor binding was found. Plasma glucagon showed an exaggerated response to L-arginine before treatment. After treatment with a controlled diet and an oral sulfonylurea (500 mg/day) for 4 weeks, there was improvement in the plasma glucagon response to L-arginine. Improvement in the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and acanthosis nigricans was also observed. On the other hand, on completion of a 7-day high-fat diet, a marked increase in serum free fatty acids, triglycerides and beta-lipoproteins was observed. The total plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity during the high fat diet was within the normal range. However, the level of protamine-inactivated activity was 3 times that of the control.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗