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Biomedical subjects

S Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to S Kodama.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Effect, toxicity and tissue concentration in the clinical use of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)].

The tissue cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) concentration was measured in autopsies treated with CDDP therapy for gynecological malignancies. These cases consisted of 10 of ovarian tumor and one of choriocarcinoma. Total CDDP doses administered were from 55mg to 560mg and among them three cases were treated with more than 500mg (525mg, 555mg in ovarian cancer and 560mg in choriocarcinoma). We found moderate renal impairment with this drug by serum functional test and histopathology, although these changes did not correspond with the total doses. In liver, kidney and residual tumor measured for CDDP, the tissue concentration was highest in liver. When total doses administered were compared with the tissue concentration in liver, kidney, residual tumor and the decrease in creatinine clearance value, there were statistically significant differences only in residual tumor at p less than 0.01.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[On interrupted postmolar choriocarcinoma].

It is extremely difficult to specify which pregnancy is responsible for gestational choriocarcinoma. Generally an antecedent pregnancy, directly preceding choriocarcinoma, is thought to be responsible for it. We have seen not a few cases of choriocarcinoma that had an obstetrical history of previous molar pregnancy preceding antecedent pregnancy. In such cases, responsibility not of the antecedent non-molar pregnancy but of the previous molar pregnancy is highly suspect in choriocarcinoma. In Niigata prefecture which has a population of 2.5 millions, we have reported 1,573 cases of total hydatidiform mole and 61 cases of choriocarcinoma in the past 12 years to the Regional Trophoblastic Disease Center. There were 8 cases of interrupted postmolar choriocarcinoma. The antecedent pregnancy was term delivery in 6 cases and abortion in 2 cases. It was of special interest to note that most of the interrupted postmolar choriocarcinoma were anteceded by term delivery with a previous history of hydatidiform mole. With the aid of statistics of pregnancy, delivery and trophoblastic disease in Niigata prefecture in the period of the survey, delivery with a previous history of hydatidiform mole was calculated to have 290 times as high risk of choriocarcinoma as that without a history of hydatidiform mole. Recently intraplacental choriocarcinoma with either living or, at times, stillborn baby has been reported occasionally. Most of the placenta reported in those cases showed no adverse effect on the growth of the fetus and no gross abnormality. Mostly intraplacental choriocarcinomatous lesion was detected incidentally or by minute histological examination of the placenta. From these results we emphasize the need to have a careful gross as well as microscopic examination of the placenta in case of a parturient with a previous history of hydatidiform mole and who has a higher risk for choriocarcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[On the results of hydatidiform mole managed by Niigata method].

We have managed 518 cases of total mole patients in our Ob-Gyn clinic in the past 13 years by the Niigata postmole management method. Serial urinary hCG determination by sensitive assay (Higonavis and RIA) is the key examination in it. There are two critical points of urinary hCG determination: 1,000iu/L at the 5th week and 100iu/L at the 8th week after the termination of hydatidiform mole. The urinary hCG patterns are classified into type I if the hCG regression curve falls below both of them, and into type II if it follows curves other than type I. Among 89 cases of postmole patients who were administered no anti-cancer chemotherapy, 73 cases (82%) showed a type I hCG regression pattern, eight cases of which (11%) were complicated mole such as metastatic mole and invasive mole. Sixteen cases (18%) showed type II, but 8 of them (50%) were diagnosed as uncomplicated mole. The rate of complication among 118 cases of hydatidiform mole who had a molar pregnancy terminated and were followed up totally in our clinic was 24.6% and that of referral cases after molar evacuation was 21.3%, which is significantly higher than others reported in literature. There occurred no postmolar choriocarcinoma from uncomplicated mole patients who had their LH level confirmed in their urinary hCG determination, but 1 case (2.7%) did occur from LH level confirmed metastatic mole, and 3 cases (3.9%) from LH level confirmed metastatic invasive mole. It was shown that lung shadows on chest roentgenogram mostly take about 40 days to appear after D & C of hydatidiform mole and after surgery for uterine invasive mole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Energy expenditure of paraplegic marathon runners measured during a wheelchair marathon.

Wheelchair bound paraplegics tend to spend a sedentary life. They seem to be vulnerable to prolonged strenuous exertion because of their many physical handicaps such as metabolic depression, cardiovascular instability, urinary incontinence, pressure sores and so on. In commemoration of The International Year of the Disabled, The First Oita International Wheelchair Marathon was held in Autumn of 1981. This paper is to review the results of an experiment made at this half marathon. The course length was 21.1 km. Ten competitors were selected at random as the subjects for measuring energy expenditure during the race. As a preliminary examination, a work load test was performed by using a wheelchair treadmill to obtain a regression equation of the individual relationship between oxygen uptake and heart rates. The oxygen uptake of individuals during the race was estimated from the heart rates which were recorded by the small memory box fixed beneath the wheelchair. Six subjects were successfully examined. The results revealed that paraplegics safely tolerated the prolonged strenuous exercise. Their average oxygen uptake, mean heart rate and the lap time during the race were 34.17 +/- 8.11 ml/kg/min (mean +/- SD), 167.6 +/- 15.8 beats/min and 87.1 +/- 9.1 min respectively. Heart rate of the subjects was always very high during the race, although oxygen consumption was fairly low in comparison to able-bodied elite marathon runners.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Stress thallium-201 transaxial emission computed tomography: quantitative versus qualitative analysis for evaluation of coronary artery disease.

Stress thallium-201 myocardial distribution was quantitatively evaluated by emission transaxial tomography in 104 patients who underwent coronary arteriography. The initial uptake and percent washout of thallium were assessed by the circumferential profile curves of the three short-axis sections and one middle right anterior oblique long-axis section. This quantitative tomographic analysis showed abnormal distribution in all but two patients (98%) with coronary artery disease, whereas qualitative analysis showed abnormality in 76 of the patients (93%). Quantitative analysis showed better sensitivity (91%) for detecting involved coronary vessels than qualitative analysis (80%, p less than 0.01), especially in three vessel disease (82 versus 67%, p less than 0.05). For localization of individual vessel involvement, quantitative analysis showed high sensitivity (right coronary artery: 96%, left anterior descending artery: 90% and left circumflex artery: 88%) as compared with qualitative analysis (88, 83 and 63%, respectively, p less than 0.05), while similar specificity was observed (92% for quantitative and 93% for qualitative analyses). Furthermore, in the study of patients without infarction, myocardial segments supplied by coronary vessels with moderate stenosis (51 to 75%) revealed abnormality more often with quantitative (81%) than with qualitative (56%) analysis. Thus, quantitative analysis of stress thallium emission tomography provides improved sensitivity for the detection of diseased coronary vessels in patients with three vessel disease and those with moderate stenosis. It is a valuable technique for the evaluation of coronary artery disease.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1984

A successful trial of enzyme replacement therapy in a case of argininemia.

A 5-year-old boy with severe mental retardation and spastic quadriplegia accompanied by tonic seizures and hyperammonemia was diagnosed as having argininemia due to an arginase deficiency in his erythrocytes. His motor and mental abilities began to deteriorate at the age of 3 years. Thereafter, he lost his ability to stand alone, to sit and even to crawl by himself. After he was diagnosed as argininemia , a protein restricted diet was given as therapy, which was accompanied with a supplement of essential amino acids. However, his clinical condition had not improved very much. The erythrocytes in a normal person was found to have the ability to decrease the patient's elevated plasma arginine level to normal when they are mixed in vitro. First we tried replacing his red cells by a blood transfusion. Then we replaced them with the aid of an IBM 2997 blood cell separator. Following this his clinical and biochemical condition improved, and as a result so did his sitting and crawling abilities. It appears that the replacement of red blood cells improves not only the clinical and biochemical conditions, but the general condition of the patient as well.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1983

Effects of ketogenic diet on electroconvulsive threshold and brain contents of adenosine nucleotides.

The anticonvulsive effect of a ketogenic diet was investigated using mice fed on a ketogenic milk powder which contained medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). Electroconvulsive shocking and determination of adenosine nucleotides in mice brain were performed on three mice groups, (1) a control group; free access to a commercially available diet, (2) a fasted group; fasted for two days, and (3) a ketotic group; fasted for two days and then fed on the ketogenic milk powder for two weeks. The maximal electroconvulsive threshold of the ketotic group was significantly higher than that of the fasted group (p less than 0.001). The maximal electroconvulsive threshold of the fasted group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p less than 0.05). The contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the brain of the ketotic group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that chronic ketosis with the ketogenic diet increases the contents of ATP in the brain and this increase in ATP probably accounts for the neuronal stability.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1983

The effect of a high fat diet on pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency without central nervous system involvement.

A nine-year-old Japanese boy with low pyruvate decarboxylase activity in fibroblasts showed no central nervous symptoms except for muscle fatigue. The pyruvate decarboxylase activities in fibroblasts of the patient and two control subjects were 0.407 +/- 0.083, 1.029 +/- 0.137 and 1.607 +/- 0.096 mumoles/g protein/30 min, respectively. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was the same in the patient and controls. There was no inhibitor of pyruvate decarboxylase in the patient's fibroblasts. A high fat diet has been given to the patient for five years. At present he does not complain of any kind of muscle fatigue, except after severe exercise. Mental and physiological development of the patient are within the normal ranges. However, trials of orally administered thiamine hydrochloride or thiamine hydrochloride combined with lipoamide did not improve his muscle fatigue.

Carboxy-Lyases↗
PubMed1983

Changes in reactivities of scallop adductor myosin with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) and with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate accompanying dissociation and association of regulatory light chain.

1. The reactivities of scallop myosin with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB) and with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) were found to be affected by dissociation and association of regulatory light chains (RLC) of myosin. 2. Approximately 4 mol of sulfhydryl groups of "desensitized" myosin (DM) were masked on association of DM with RLC. When these sulfhydryl groups were reacted with DTNB, the modified DM became incapable of associating with RLC, but when the modified DM was treated with 2-mercaptoethanol, the ability to associate with RLC was fully recovered. 3. The DTNB-reactivity of scallop myosin and its RLC content were measured as a function of calcium and magnesium concentrations. The results thus obtained could be explained in terms of our previous suggestion (J. Biochem. 94, 1061 (1983] that there are two different attachments between DM and RLC. 4. The relation between the TNBS-reactivity and the RLC content was not simple but complex. Not the extent, but the rate of trinitrophenylation of scallop myosin was affected by dissociation and association of DM with RLC; thus, the involved TNBS-reactive lysine residues did not seem to be in the regions on DM and RLC that would be physically covered upon DM-RLC association. 5. The amount of the involved lysine residues was estimated to be only 1 mol per mol of myosin. Modification of the specific lysine residues resulted in a partial decrease in the DM-RLC association.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Variation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 levels in human plasma obtained from 758 Japanese healthy subjects.

Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OH-D2) in 758 Japanese healthy subjects (most of them adults) were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method previously reported (6) and the following results were obtained: The mean and standard deviation (M +/- SD) of the assayed values of 25-OH-D (sum of 25-OH-D3 and 25-OH-D2) was 23.8 +/- 10.1 ng/ml. 25-OH-D3 was detected in all the samples and the M +/- SD was 23.0 +/- 10.1 ng/ml. The plasma levels clearly showed the seasonal variation that the levels in summer were significantly higher than those in winter. Moreover, the plasma levels were significantly correlated with the amounts of UV light in solar radiation. These results strongly suggested that 25-OH-D3 in plasma mainly originated from endogenous vitamin D3 formed by photo-conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin. 25-OH-D2 was detected only in 18.3% of the plasma samples and the M +/- SD in the detected samples was 4.4 +/- 2.9 ng/ml which was much lower than those of 25-OH-D3. The results suggested that few healthy Japanese are taking daily exogenous vitamin D2 from multivitamin preparations or others. The M +/- SD values of 25-OH-D3 plasma levels in men and women were 26.2 +/- 10.4 and 19.3 +/- 8.0 ng/ml, respectively. The formers were significantly higher than the latters. The results were thought to be due to the reason that men might be outdoors for longer periods than women. When age variation of plasma 25-OH-D3 levels was examined, the levels in the twenties were significantly lower than the other generations. This was confirmed to be due to the low values observed in the female twenties group, but the detailed reason is unclear at the present time. When 4 healthy volunteers were orally administered 400 I.U./day of vitamin D2 every day for 8 weeks, maximum levels (average: 11.5 ng/ml) were observed at the 8 weeks and the levels gradually decreased after stopping the administration. The results suggested that the half life of 25-OH-D2 in plasma might be 4-5 weeks.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗