Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kodaira

Publications and source records attributed to S Kodaira.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 in the noncancerous colorectal epithelia of familial polyposis coli.

The epithelial expression of carbohydrate antigen, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) was examined immunohistochemically in noncancerous specimens from patients with familial polyposis coli, and compared with the colorectal epithelia from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. In mucosa remote from carcinoma of sporadic cases, SSEA-1 was expressed only faintly in the lower crypts. In mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, SSEA-1 was expressed not only in the lower crypts but also in the upper crypts. These results corresponded to those observed in the authors' previous study. In the flat mucosa of familial polyposis coli cases, SSEA-1 was detected not only in the lower crypts, but also in both upper crypts and the surface epithelium in contrast with the flat mucosa of sporadic cases. The staining pattern in the upper crypts of the flat mucosa of familial polyposis coli cases was very similar to that of the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, but was stronger and more diffuse in the surface epithelium. In microscopic adenomas, SSEA-1 was expressed diffusely. These results demonstrate that the flat mucosa of patients with familial polyposis coli shows preneoplastic changes similar to those in the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, and that SSEA-1 is related to adenoma formation in the early stage of carcinogenesis in the colorectum. In addition, the results suggest that immunohistochemical studies of flat mucosa may be useful for the early detection of high-risk individuals in a familial polyposis coli family.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1986

[Extended radical operation of cancer of the rectum].

Extended radical operation for rectal cancer included the high ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and the dissection of lateral lymph nodes. There was no significant difference between overall survival of extended operation and conventional operation, although in Dukes B cases, 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in extended operation than in conventional. Extended operation caused high incidence of postoperative urinary and sexual dysfunction compared with conventional operation. We conclude that extended radical operation must be performed only in those patients, when tumors locate in the lower part of the rectum and invade beyond the proper muscle layer.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Expression of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 in nontumorous and tumorous epithelia of the human colon and rectum.

The expression of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) in various human colorectal epithelia was examined by an immunohistochemical method. In mucosa remote from the carcinoma, CA 19-9 was not expressed, whereas SSEA-1 was only faintly expressed in lower crypts in all cases. In mucosa adjacent to the carcinoma, CA 19-9 was weakly expressed in upper crypts in 20% of the cases, whereas SSEA-1 was expressed not only in lower crypts in all cases but also in upper crypts in 93.3% of the cases. In adenoma, CA 19-9 was expressed in 80.6% of the cases, and SSEA-1 was expressed in all cases. The expression of both antigens was to some extent related to the degree of cellular atypia. In focal carcinoma in adenoma, CA 19-9 was strongly and diffusely expressed in 50% of the cases, and SSEA-1 was strongly and diffusely expressed in all cases. In advanced carcinoma, CA 19-9 was homogeneously or heterogeneously expressed in 82.2% of the cases, and SSEA-1 was homogeneously or heterogeneously expressed in all cases, but lower intensity of SSEA-1 staining was associated with a decrease in the degree of carcinoma differentiation. These results show that the expression of both CA 19-9 and SSEA-1 changes along with neoplastic transformation and progression in the colon and rectum. Immunohistochemical studies of SSEA-1 in flat colorectal mucosa might be a useful approach for detecting foci with preneoplastic change in the general population, whereas those of SSEA-1 and CA 19-9 could be a useful method for detecting focal carcinoma in adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[Development of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic neoplasia in rats and changes in cellular proteins of colonic mucosa].

Development of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colonic neoplasia were studied using male Wistar rats given 120 mg DMH per kg s.c. weekly for 5 weeks. During the course of colon carcinogenesis, changes in cellular proteins of colonic mucosa were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Rats were sacrificed just before and at 10, 15 and 20 weeks after the initial DMH treatment together with controls. Incidence and number of colorectal tumors gradually increased. At the 20th week, colon carcinoma was found in every rat. Most tumors (92%) were found in the major flexure and the distal colon and rectum, while only 1% and 7% were found in the cecum and proximal colon, respectively. Histologically, most (92%) were classified as well differentiated or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Eighty-five percent of the tumors were semipedunculated or sessile without depression, and the remainder were sessile with depression. All of the latter were carcinomas with invasion to the submucosa or further. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 180 spots in cellular proteins before and after the initial treatment. Three new spots appeared and four spots greatly increased during the course of carcinogenesis, while one spot disappeared. The above results suggest that the appearing and increasing spots may be associated with cancer and that the disappearing spot may be associated with the normal colon.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1984

[Radical operation for rectal cancer to preserve anorectal, urinary and sexual function].

Recently, preservation of physiological functions have become to be considered in the operative treatment for rectal cancer. Dysfunction caused following radical operation for rectal cancer is divided into two parts as follows, (1) disturbance or loss of anorectal function due to sacrifice of the anus in abdomino-perineal resection and decrease function as fecal reservoir following anal sphincter preserving resection of the rectum. (2) anorectal, urinary and sexual dysfunction following surgical injury to the autonomic nerves by pelvic lymph nodes dissection. Our conceptions of the indication for sphincter preserving operation and for wide dissection of pelvic lymph nodes which cause severe dysfunction of urinary and sexual functions postoperatively were discussed.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1981

Lymph node metastases from carcinomas developing in pedunculated and semipedunculated colorectal adenomas.

Intramucosal carcinomas do not metastasise, but 5% to 10% of patients with submucosal cancers show lymph node involvement. Some of these submucosal cancers occur in pedunculated or semipedunculated polyps, which are usually treated by endoscopic polypectomy. Of 214 colorectal polyps removed endoscopically at the Keio University Hospital from 1976 to 1979, six showed submucosal invasive carcinoma. All six patients were subjected to colon resection, and two were found to have lymph node metastases. Consideration of these cases and of the literature suggests that resection is necessary after endoscopic polypectomy when there is carcinoma at the cut end, massive carcinomatous invasion of the neck of the polyp, lymphatic involvement, or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Grouping antigens of four Lactobacillus species and their characteristics.

Antigenic analyses of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus buchneri were carried out by double immunodiffusion in agar. Antigens were extracted from whole cells and cell wall preparations with cold trichloroacetic acid. Most strains of the four species possessed antigen 9 in their cell walls. Another antigen, antigen 10, was found in the cell walls of all the strains of L. brevis and L. buchneri, and in some strains of L. lactis, but not in L. bulgaricus. Fractionation of the antigens was attempted using the cell wall extracts of L. lactis L-10 with only antigen 9 and of L. brevis X-1 with both antigens 9 and 10. The partially purified fractions of antigen 9 and of the complex of antigens 9 and 10 were obtained by zone electrophoresis. However, antigen 10 from the complex could not be separated by the same method or gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 since the two antigens 9 and 10 of the complex always behaved together. The fraction of antigen 9 consisted almost entirely of glycerol and glucose as sugar components, the molar ratio being 2: 1. The complex of antigens 9 and 10 also consisted of the same sugars, and the molar ratio of glycerol: glucose was 4: 1. Inhibition tests indicated that the immunodominant component of antigen 9 was a-methylglucoside (glucose), and most probably the determinant is a glycosylated glycerol teichoic acid. It was considered that the determinant of antigen 10 is a glycerol teichoic acid although glucosamine and galactosamine inhibited effectively the reaction between antigen 10 and its antibody.

Antigens, Bacterial↗